<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2023-1-36-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиперпаратиреоз и хроническая болезнь почек Часть 1. Особенности патогенеза, клинические проявления, диагностическая стратегия Лекция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease Part 1. Features of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategy Lecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветчинникова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetchinnikova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olg-vetchinnikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского Министерства здравоохранения Московской области</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical and Research Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ветчинникова О.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetchinnikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/101">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/101</self-uri><abstract><p>Гиперпаратиреоз (ГПТ) - эндокринопатия, характеризующаяся избыточной секрецией паратиреоидного гормона (ПТГ) в околощитовидных железах (ОЩЖ). У пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) встречаются три формы ГПТ: первичный, вторичный и третичный. В подавляющем большинстве случаев диагностируется вторичный ГПТ, он входит в состав синдрома минерально-костных нарушений, ассоциированных с ХБП (МКН-ХБП), который представляет собой системное нарушение минерального и костного метаболизма. Развитие заболевания тесно связано с утратой почечных функций, приводящей к сложным нарушениям в обмене кальция, фосфора, витамина D, избыточной секреции в остеоцитах фактора роста фибробластов 23 (ФРФ23) и сокращению почечной экспрессии его мембранного ко-рецептора αКлото. Все эти нарушения, а также измененный ответ скелета на действие ПТГ («скелетная резистентность к ПТГ») стимулируют синтез и секрецию ПТГ в ОЩЖ с последующей их диффузной, диффузно-узловой гиперплазией и прогрессирующим уменьшением экспрессии на поверхности железы кальций-чувствительных рецепторов, рецепторов витамина D, рецептор1-ФРФ23-Kлото. Недавно получена новая информация о молекулярном взаимодействии αКлото/ФРФ23 и канонической Wnt/β-катенин сигнальной системой, которое может способствовать развитию ХБП-ассоциированного ГПТ. Вторичный ГПТ относится к распространенным осложнениям ХБП, которое значительно ухудшает качество жизни пациентов, затрудняет выполнение трансплантации почки, приводит к повторным госпитализациям и увеличивает летальность. В Российской диализной популяции вторичный ГПТ выявляется у 54,8% и 28,6% пациентов соответственно при диагностическом критерии ПТГ &gt;300 пг/мл и ПТГ &gt;600 пг/мл. Заболевание имеет системный характер и проявляется, прежде всего, костно-мышечной и сердечно-сосудистой патологией, а также другими внескелетными нарушениями. Диагноз вторичного ГПТ базируется на одновременной оценке основных биохимических маркеров заболевания - ПТГ, кальция, фосфора, щелочной фосфатазы, исследованных в динамике, и выявлении тенденции изменения этих маркеров. Диагностический для вторичного ГПТ сывороточный уровень ПТГ при додиализной ХБП остается неизвестным, у диализных пациентов рекомендуется более 4-6, в отдельных случаях более 9 верхних границ референсного интервала ПТГ. Для выявления костной и сердечно-сосудистой патологии используют разнообразные инструментальные методы: обзорную рентгенографию, двухэнергетическую рентгеновскую абсорбциометрию, варианты компьютерной и магниторезонансной томографии, биопсию кости, ультразвуковое исследование. Визуализация ОЩЖ осуществляется ультразвуковым исследованием, мультиспиральной компьютерной томографией, сцинтиграфией с технецием [99mTс] сестамиби, однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографией; она показана пациентам с тяжелым течением ГПТ, нуждающимся в хирургическом лечении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is part of the syndrome of mineral-bone disorders associated with CKD (MBD-CKD), which is a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism. The development of the disease is closely associated with the loss of renal functions, leading to complex disorders in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and a decrease in renal expression of its membrane co-receptor αKlotho. All these disorders, as well as an altered skeletal response to the action of PTH, stimulate the synthesis and secretion of PTH in the PTG, followed by their diffuse, diffuse-nodular hyperplasia and a progressive decrease in the expression receptors on the surface of the gland. There is new information about the molecular mechanism of αKlotho/FGF23 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may contribute to the development of CKD-associated HPT. Secondary HPT is a common complication of CKD, which significantly impairs the quality of life of patients, complicates the implementation of kidney transplantation, leads to repeated hospitalizations, and increases mortality. In the Russian dialysis population, secondary HPT is detected in 54.8% and 28.6% of patients, respectively, with diagnostic criteria PTH &gt;300 pg/ml and PTH &gt;600 pg/ml. The disease has a systemic character and is manifested primarily by musculoskeletal and cardiovascular pathology and other extraskeletal disorders. The diagnosis of secondary HPT is based on the simultaneous assessment of the main biochemical markers of the disease - PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, studied over time, and the identification of trends in these markers. The diagnostic serum PTH level for secondary HPT in non-dialysis CKD remains unknown, in dialysis patients more than 4-6; in some cases, more than 9 upper limits of the reference interval are recommended. A variety of instrumental methods is used for detecting bone and cardiovascular pathology: plain radiography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, variants of computed and magnetic resonance imaging, bone biopsy, and ultrasound. PTG visualization is carried out by ultrasound, computed tomography, 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy photon emission computed tomography; it is indicated for patients with severe HPT requiring surgical treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вторичный гиперпаратиреоз</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>околощитовидные железы</kwd><kwd>паратиреоидный гормон</kwd><kwd>secondary hyperparathyroidism</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>parathyroid gland</kwd><kwd>parathyroid hormone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jager K.J., Kovesdy C., Langham R. et al. A single number for advocacy and communication - worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 2019. 96:1048-1050. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jager K.J., Kovesdy C., Langham R. et al. A single number for advocacy and communication - worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 2019. 96:1048-1050. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill N.R., Fatoba S.T., Oke J.L. et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016. 11(7):e0158765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill N.R., Fatoba S.T., Oke J.L. et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016. 11(7):e0158765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарднер Д., Шобек Д. Базисная и клиническая эндокринология. Книга 2 / Пер. с англ. - М.: Издательский дом БИНОМ, 2020 - 696 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гарднер Д., Шобек Д. Базисная и клиническая эндокринология. Книга 2 / Пер. с англ. - М.: Издательский дом БИНОМ, 2020 - 696 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komada H., Kakuta T. Disease of parathyroid gland in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2011. 15:797-809. doi: 10.1007/s10157-011-0502-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komada H., Kakuta T. Disease of parathyroid gland in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2011. 15:797-809. doi: 10.1007/s10157-011-0502-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamal S.A., Miller P.D. Secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitometry: Assessment of Skeletal Health 2013. 16(1):64-68. doi: 101016/j.jocd.2012.11.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamal S.A., Miller P.D. Secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitometry: Assessment of Skeletal Health 2013. 16(1):64-68. doi: 101016/j.jocd.2012.11.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Денисова Л.Б., Гаганов Л.Е. Трудности дифференциальной диагностики тяжелого гиперпаратиреоза, выявленного на стадии терминальной почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2015. 17(1):78-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Денисова Л.Б., Гаганов Л.Е. Трудности дифференциальной диагностики тяжелого гиперпаратиреоза, выявленного на стадии терминальной почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2015. 17(1):78-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Бритвин Т.А., Гулимова С.Ю. Хроническая болезнь почек и гиперпаратиреоз: первичный и/или вторичный? Клиническая нефрология 2016. 1:33-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Бритвин Т.А., Гулимова С.Ю. Хроническая болезнь почек и гиперпаратиреоз: первичный и/или вторичный? Клиническая нефрология 2016. 1:33-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Прокопенко Е.И., Воронкова И.А. Аденома околощитовидной железы у молодой женщины с хронической болезнью почек первичный или третичный гиперпаратиреоз? (Клиническое наблюдение). Тер. арх. 2020. 92(10):78-82. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Прокопенко Е.И., Воронкова И.А. Аденома околощитовидной железы у молодой женщины с хронической болезнью почек первичный или третичный гиперпаратиреоз? (Клиническое наблюдение). Тер. арх. 2020. 92(10):78-82. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappenheimer A.M., Wilens S.L. Enlargement of the parathyroid glands in renal disease. Am J pathol 1934. 11 (1):73-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappenheimer A.M., Wilens S.L. Enlargement of the parathyroid glands in renal disease. Am J pathol 1934. 11 (1):73-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albright F., Baird P.C., Cope O., Cockrill J.R. Studies on the physiology of the parathyroid glands. IV. Renal complications of hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med Sci. 1934. 187:49-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albright F., Baird P.C., Cope O., Cockrill J.R. Studies on the physiology of the parathyroid glands. IV. Renal complications of hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med Sci. 1934. 187:49-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Кантария Р.О. Терапевтическая тактика при третичном гиперпаратиреозе после трансплантации почки (обзор литературы и клинические наблюдения). Клиническая нефрология 2014. 1:33-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Кантария Р.О. Терапевтическая тактика при третичном гиперпаратиреозе после трансплантации почки (обзор литературы и клинические наблюдения). Клиническая нефрология 2014. 1:33-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vermeulen A.H. The birth of endocrine pathology: How Erdheim misunderstood parathyroids. Virchows Arch. 2010. 457(3):283-290. doi: 10.1007/s00428-010-0953-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vermeulen A.H. The birth of endocrine pathology: How Erdheim misunderstood parathyroids. Virchows Arch. 2010. 457(3):283-290. doi: 10.1007/s00428-010-0953-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiramitsu T., Tomosugi T., Okada M. et al. Pre-operative localization of the parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2019. 9:14634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51265-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiramitsu T., Tomosugi T., Okada M. et al. Pre-operative localization of the parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2019. 9:14634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51265-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones B.A., Lindeman B., Chen H. Are Tc-99m-sestamibi scans in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal failure needed? J Surg Res. 2019. 243:380-383. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones B.A., Lindeman B., Chen H. Are Tc-99m-sestamibi scans in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal failure needed? J Surg Res. 2019. 243:380-383. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.04.084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheloha R.W., Gellman S.H., Vilardaga J.P. et al. PTH receptor-1 signalling-mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015. 11:712-724. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheloha R.W., Gellman S.H., Vilardaga J.P. et al. PTH receptor-1 signalling-mechanistic insights and therapeutic prospects. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015. 11:712-724. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaine J., Chonchol M., Levi M. Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 10:1886-1887. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09750913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaine J., Chonchol M., Levi M. Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 10:1886-1887. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09750913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pacifici R. Role of gut microbiotain the skeletal response to PTH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. 106(3):636-645. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa895</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pacifici R. Role of gut microbiotain the skeletal response to PTH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. 106(3):636-645. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa895</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan A., Durlacher K., Silver J. et al. The fibroblast growth factor receptor mediates the increased FGF23 expression in acute and chronic uremia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016. 310:F217-221. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00332.2015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan A., Durlacher K., Silver J. et al. The fibroblast growth factor receptor mediates the increased FGF23 expression in acute and chronic uremia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016. 310:F217-221. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00332.2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawakami K., Takeshita A., Furushima K. et al. Persistent fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling in the parathyroid glands for secondary hyperparathyroidism in mice with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 2017. 7:40534. doi: 10.1038/srep40534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawakami K., Takeshita A., Furushima K. et al. Persistent fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling in the parathyroid glands for secondary hyperparathyroidism in mice with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 2017. 7:40534. doi: 10.1038/srep40534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albright F., Bauer W., Cockrill J.R., Ellsworth R. Studies on the physiology of the Parathyroid glands: II. The relation of the serum calcium to the serum phosphorus at different levels of parathyroid activity. J Clin Invest. 1931. 9(4):659-677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albright F., Bauer W., Cockrill J.R., Ellsworth R. Studies on the physiology of the Parathyroid glands: II. The relation of the serum calcium to the serum phosphorus at different levels of parathyroid activity. J Clin Invest. 1931. 9(4):659-677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нарушения обмена кальция. / Под ред. Д. Хита, С, Дж. Маркса - М.: Медицина, 1985 - 366 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нарушения обмена кальция. / Под ред. Д. Хита, С, Дж. Маркса - М.: Медицина, 1985 - 366 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuro O.M. A phosphate-centric paradigm for pathophysiology and therapy of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013. 3(5):420-426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuro O.M. A phosphate-centric paradigm for pathophysiology and therapy of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013. 3(5):420-426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centeno P.P., Herberger A., Mun H.C. et al. Phosphate acts directly on the calcium-sensing receptor to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion. Nat Commun. 2019. 10:4693. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12399-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centeno P.P., Herberger A., Mun H.C. et al. Phosphate acts directly on the calcium-sensing receptor to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion. Nat Commun. 2019. 10:4693. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12399-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Messa P. Phosphate control of PTH secretion; in Brandi M, Brown E (eds): Hypoparathyroidism. Milan, Springer, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Messa P. Phosphate control of PTH secretion; in Brandi M, Brown E (eds): Hypoparathyroidism. Milan, Springer, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jean G., Souberbielle J.C., Chazot C. Vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Nutrients 2017. 9:328. doi: 10.3390/nu9040328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jean G., Souberbielle J.C., Chazot C. Vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Nutrients 2017. 9:328. doi: 10.3390/nu9040328</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waziri B., Dix-Peek T., Dickens C. et al. Influence of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on biochemical markers of mineral bone disorders in South African patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2018. 19: 0. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-0831-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waziri B., Dix-Peek T., Dickens C. et al. Influence of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on biochemical markers of mineral bone disorders in South African patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2018. 19: 0. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-0831-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuro-O. M. The Klotho proteins in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019. 15:27-44. doi: 10.1038/s41581-018-0078-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuro-O. M. The Klotho proteins in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019. 15:27-44. doi: 10.1038/s41581-018-0078-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan Y., Liu W., Bi R. et al. Interrelated role of Klotho and calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid hormone synthesis and parathyroid hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018. 115(16):E3749-E3758. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717754115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan Y., Liu W., Bi R. et al. Interrelated role of Klotho and calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid hormone synthesis and parathyroid hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018. 115(16):E3749-E3758. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717754115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graciolli F.G., Neves K.R., Barreto F. et al. The complexity of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder across stages of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2017. 91(6):1436-1446. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graciolli F.G., Neves K.R., Barreto F. et al. The complexity of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder across stages of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2017. 91(6):1436-1446. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David V., Martin A., Isakova T. et al. Inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production. Kidney Int. 2016. 89(1):135-146. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.290</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David V., Martin A., Isakova T. et al. Inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production. Kidney Int. 2016. 89(1):135-146. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.290</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh S., Grabner A., Yanucil C. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 directly targets hepatocytes to promote inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2016. 90(5):985-996. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh S., Grabner A., Yanucil C. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 directly targets hepatocytes to promote inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2016. 90(5):985-996. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz-Castañeda J.R., Herencia C., Pendón-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Differential regulation of renal Klotho and FGFR1 in normal and uremic rats. FASEB J. 2017. 31(9):3858-3867. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700006R</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz-Castañeda J.R., Herencia C., Pendón-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Differential regulation of renal Klotho and FGFR1 in normal and uremic rats. FASEB J. 2017. 31(9):3858-3867. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700006R</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santamaría R., Díaz-Tocados J.M., Pendón-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Increased phosphaturia accelerates the decline in renal function: A search for mechanisms. Sci Rep. 2018. 8(1):13701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32065-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santamaría R., Díaz-Tocados J.M., Pendón-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Increased phosphaturia accelerates the decline in renal function: A search for mechanisms. Sci Rep. 2018. 8(1):13701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32065-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen M.H., Fenne I.S., Nordbo Y. et al. Novel inflammatory biomarkers in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015. 173(1):9-17. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-1038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen M.H., Fenne I.S., Nordbo Y. et al. Novel inflammatory biomarkers in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015. 173(1):9-17. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-1038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomaschitz A., Ritz E., Pieske B. et al. Aldosterone and parathyroid hormone interactions as mediators of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Metabolism clinical and experimental 2014. 63:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomaschitz A., Ritz E., Pieske B. et al. Aldosterone and parathyroid hormone interactions as mediators of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Metabolism clinical and experimental 2014. 63:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glosse P., Fajol A., Hirche F. et al. A high-fat diet stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 formation in mice through TNF-α upregulation. Nutr Diabetes 2018. 8:36. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0037-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glosse P., Fajol A., Hirche F. et al. A high-fat diet stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 formation in mice through TNF-α upregulation. Nutr Diabetes 2018. 8:36. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0037-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz-Castañeda J.R., Rodelo-Haad C., Pendon-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Klotho/FGF23 and Wnt signaling as important players in the comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel). 2020. 12:185. doi: 10.3390/toxins12030185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz-Castañeda J.R., Rodelo-Haad C., Pendon-Ruiz de Mier M.V. et al. Klotho/FGF23 and Wnt signaling as important players in the comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel). 2020. 12:185. doi: 10.3390/toxins12030185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana M.A., Ijaz B., Daud M. et al. Interplay of Wnt β-Catenin pathway and miRNAs in HBV pathogenesis leading to HCC. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019. 43:373-386. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana M.A., Ijaz B., Daud M. et al. Interplay of Wnt β-Catenin pathway and miRNAs in HBV pathogenesis leading to HCC. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019. 43:373-386. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Q., Fan W., Zhong X. et al. Klotho/FGF23 and Wnt in SHPT associated with CKD via regulating miR-29a. Am J Transl Res. 2022. 14(2):876-887.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Q., Fan W., Zhong X. et al. Klotho/FGF23 and Wnt in SHPT associated with CKD via regulating miR-29a. Am J Transl Res. 2022. 14(2):876-887.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molina P., Molina M.D., Pallardу L.M. et al. Disorders in bone-mineral parameters and the risk of death in persons with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5: the PECERA study. J Nephrol 2021. 34(4):118-91199. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00916-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molina P., Molina M.D., Pallardу L.M. et al. Disorders in bone-mineral parameters and the risk of death in persons with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5: the PECERA study. J Nephrol 2021. 34(4):118-91199. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00916-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujii H. Association between parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular disease. Ther Apher Dial 2018. 22(3):236-241. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12679</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujii H. Association between parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular disease. Ther Apher Dial 2018. 22(3):236-241. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12679</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bureo J.C., Arévalo J.C., Antón J. et al. Prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease seen in internal medicine. Endocrinol Nutr. 2015. 62:300-305. doi: 10.1016/J.ENDOEN.2015.08.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bureo J.C., Arévalo J.C., Antón J. et al. Prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease seen in internal medicine. Endocrinol Nutr. 2015. 62:300-305. doi: 10.1016/J.ENDOEN.2015.08.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabibzadeh N., Karaboyas A., Robinson B.M. et al. The risk of medically uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on parathyroid hormone levels at hemodialysis initiation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. 36:160-169. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabibzadeh N., Karaboyas A., Robinson B.M. et al. The risk of medically uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on parathyroid hormone levels at hemodialysis initiation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. 36:160-169. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedgeman E., Lipworth L., Lowe K. et al. International burden of chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature and available data. Int J Nephrol. 2015. 2015:184321. doi: 10.1155/2015/184321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedgeman E., Lipworth L., Lowe K. et al. International burden of chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review of the literature and available data. Int J Nephrol. 2015. 2015:184321. doi: 10.1155/2015/184321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батюшин М.М., Касимова И.С., Гаврилов Д.В. и соавт. Распространенность хронической болезни почек по данным ретроспективного когортного исследования «эпидемиология ХБП» (город Киров). Нефрология и диализ. 2021. 23(2):192-202. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-2-192-202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Батюшин М.М., Касимова И.С., Гаврилов Д.В. и соавт. Распространенность хронической болезни почек по данным ретроспективного когортного исследования «эпидемиология ХБП» (город Киров). Нефрология и диализ. 2021. 23(2):192-202. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-2-192-202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрусев А.М., Томилина Н.А., Перегудова Н.Г., Шинкарев М.Б. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации 2014-2018 гг. Отчет по данным Общероссийского Регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2020. 22(1 приложение):3-71. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2020-1suppl-1-71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Андрусев А.М., Томилина Н.А., Перегудова Н.Г., Шинкарев М.Б. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации 2014-2018 гг. Отчет по данным Общероссийского Регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2020. 22(1 приложение):3-71. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2020-1suppl-1-71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Томилина Н.А., Андрусев А.М., Перегудова Н.Г., Шинкарев М.Б. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 2010-2015 гг. Отчет по данным Общероссийского Регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2017. 19(4 приложение):1-95. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4suppl-1-95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Томилина Н.А., Андрусев А.М., Перегудова Н.Г., Шинкарев М.Б. Заместительная терапия терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 2010-2015 гг. Отчет по данным Общероссийского Регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского диализного общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2017. 19(4 приложение):1-95. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4suppl-1-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбов Б.Т., Томилина Н.А. Состав больных и показатели качества лечения на заместительной терапии терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 1998-2013 гг. Отчет по данным регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского Диализного Общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2016. 18(2):98-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бикбов Б.Т., Томилина Н.А. Состав больных и показатели качества лечения на заместительной терапии терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности в Российской Федерации в 1998-2013 гг. Отчет по данным регистра заместительной почечной терапии Российского Диализного Общества. Нефрология и диализ. 2016. 18(2):98-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новокшонов К.Ю., Карелина Ю., Земченков А.Ю. и соавт. Результаты скрининга на маркеры минеральных и костных нарушений при хронической болезни почек среди диализных пациентов Северо-Западного Федерального округа. Нефрология. 2016. 20(1):36- 50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новокшонов К.Ю., Карелина Ю., Земченков А.Ю. и соавт. Результаты скрининга на маркеры минеральных и костных нарушений при хронической болезни почек среди диализных пациентов Северо-Западного Федерального округа. Нефрология. 2016. 20(1):36- 50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Ватазин А.В., Иванова М.Ю., Кантария Р.О. Гиперпаратиреоз у пациентов после трансплантации почки по результатам одноцентрового исследования. Нефрология и диализ. 2021. 23(3):401-413. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-3-401-403</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Ватазин А.В., Иванова М.Ю., Кантария Р.О. Гиперпаратиреоз у пациентов после трансплантации почки по результатам одноцентрового исследования. Нефрология и диализ. 2021. 23(3):401-413. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-3-401-403</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tentori F., McCullough K., Kilpatrick R.D. et al. High rates of death and hospitalization follow bone fracture among hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2014. 85:166-173. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.279</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tentori F., McCullough K., Kilpatrick R.D. et al. High rates of death and hospitalization follow bone fracture among hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2014. 85:166-173. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.279</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Messa P. Skeletal fractures in patients on renal replacement therapy: how large still is the knowledge gap? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. 31:1554-1556. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Messa P. Skeletal fractures in patients on renal replacement therapy: how large still is the knowledge gap? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. 31:1554-1556. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Полякова Е.Ю. Гиперпаратиреоз и минеральная плотность кости у больных с хронической болезнью почек: влияние паратиреоидэктомии. Нефрология и диализ. 2019. 21(3):352-361. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-3-352-361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Полякова Е.Ю. Гиперпаратиреоз и минеральная плотность кости у больных с хронической болезнью почек: влияние паратиреоидэктомии. Нефрология и диализ. 2019. 21(3):352-361. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-3-352-361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee V.S., Webb M.S., Martinez S., et al. Uremic leontiasis ossea: “bighead” disease in humans? Radiologic, clinical, and pathologic features. Radiology 1996. 199(1);233-240. doi: 10.1148/radiology.199.1.8633151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee V.S., Webb M.S., Martinez S., et al. Uremic leontiasis ossea: “bighead” disease in humans? Radiologic, clinical, and pathologic features. Radiology 1996. 199(1);233-240. doi: 10.1148/radiology.199.1.8633151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Кулибаба С.А., Денисова Л.Б. и соавт. Синдром Сагликера (клиническое наблюдение). Нефрология и диализ. 2013. 2:152-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Кулибаба С.А., Денисова Л.Б. и соавт. Синдром Сагликера (клиническое наблюдение). Нефрология и диализ. 2013. 2:152-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luchi W.M., Vianna J.G.P., Roberto L.E.V. et al. Uremic leontiasis ossea. Endocrine. 2019. 65(3):707-709. doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01976-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchi W.M., Vianna J.G.P., Roberto L.E.V. et al. Uremic leontiasis ossea. Endocrine. 2019. 65(3):707-709. doi: 10.1007/s12020-019-01976-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murthy L., Duque G. Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance. Vitam Horm. 2021. 115:173-184. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murthy L., Duque G. Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance. Vitam Horm. 2021. 115:173-184. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahamed N.A., Abdul-Aziz M.Y., El-Bauomy A., Salem T.S. Parathyroid hormone: effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis. J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci. 2008. 3:44-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahamed N.A., Abdul-Aziz M.Y., El-Bauomy A., Salem T.S. Parathyroid hormone: effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in chronic renal failure patients on regular hemodialysis. J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci. 2008. 3:44-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiss A.B., Miyawaki N., Moon J. et al. CKD, arterial calcification, atherosclerosis and bone health: Interrelationships and controversies. Atherosclerosis 2018. 278:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiss A.B., Miyawaki N., Moon J. et al. CKD, arterial calcification, atherosclerosis and bone health: Interrelationships and controversies. Atherosclerosis 2018. 278:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vervloet M., Cozzolino M. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: different bricks in the wall? Kidney Int. 2017. 91(4):808-817. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vervloet M., Cozzolino M. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: different bricks in the wall? Kidney Int. 2017. 91(4):808-817. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandenburg V.M., Kramann R., Rothe H. et al. Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis): data from a large nationwide registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017. 32:126-32. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandenburg V.M., Kramann R., Rothe H. et al. Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis): data from a large nationwide registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017. 32:126-32. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigwekar S.U., Thadhani R., Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2018. 378(18):1704171-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1505292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nigwekar S.U., Thadhani R., Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2018. 378(18):1704171-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1505292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka M., Komaba H., Fukagawa M. Emerging association between parathyroid hormone and anemia in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2018. 22:242-245. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12685</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka M., Komaba H., Fukagawa M. Emerging association between parathyroid hormone and anemia in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2018. 22:242-245. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12685</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kir S., Komaba H., Garcia A.P. et al. PTH/PTHrP receptor mediates cachexia in models of kidney failure and cancer. Cell Metab. 2016. 23:315-323. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.11.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kir S., Komaba H., Garcia A.P. et al. PTH/PTHrP receptor mediates cachexia in models of kidney failure and cancer. Cell Metab. 2016. 23:315-323. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.11.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермоленко В.М., Волгина Г.В., Михайлова Н.А. и соавт. Лечение минеральных и костных нарушений при хронической болезни почек. Нефрология. Клинические рекомендации. Ред.: Шилов Е.М., Смирнов А.В., Козловская Н.Л. ГЭОТАР-Медиа, М., 2016. 687 -709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ермоленко В.М., Волгина Г.В., Михайлова Н.А. и соавт. Лечение минеральных и костных нарушений при хронической болезни почек. Нефрология. Клинические рекомендации. Ред.: Шилов Е.М., Смирнов А.В., Козловская Н.Л. ГЭОТАР-Медиа, М., 2016. 687 -709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В., Ватазин А.В., Добронравов В.А. и соавт. Клинические рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Нефрология. 2021. 25(5):10-84. doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-5-10-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Смирнов А.В., Ватазин А.В., Добронравов В.А. и соавт. Клинические рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Нефрология. 2021. 25(5):10-84. doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-5-10-84</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National kidney foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003. 42(Suppl. 3):S1-S201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National kidney foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003. 42(Suppl. 3):S1-S201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2009. 113:S1-S130. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.188. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.188</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2009. 113:S1-S130. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.188. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.188</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group. KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2017. 7(1):1-59. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2017.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group. KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2017. 7(1):1-59. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2017.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sprague S.M., Bellorin-Font E., Jorgetti V. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of bone turnover markers and bone histology in patients with CKD treated by dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016. 67:559-566. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sprague S.M., Bellorin-Font E., Jorgetti V. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of bone turnover markers and bone histology in patients with CKD treated by dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016. 67:559-566. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hocher B., Oberthur D., Slowinski T. et al. Modeling of oxidized PTH (oxPTH) and non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) receptor binding and relationship of oxidized to nonoxidized PTH in children with chronic renal failure, adult patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013. 37:240-251. doi: 10.1159/000350149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hocher B., Oberthur D., Slowinski T. et al. Modeling of oxidized PTH (oxPTH) and non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) receptor binding and relationship of oxidized to nonoxidized PTH in children with chronic renal failure, adult patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013. 37:240-251. doi: 10.1159/000350149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seiler-Mussler S., Limbach A.S., Emrich I.E. et al. Association of nonoxidized parathyroid hormone with cardiovascular and kidney disease outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018. 13 569-576. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06620617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seiler-Mussler S., Limbach A.S., Emrich I.E. et al. Association of nonoxidized parathyroid hormone with cardiovascular and kidney disease outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018. 13 569-576. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06620617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бусыгин Д.А., Игонина Н.А., Хасьянова Е.М. и соавт. Паратгормон интактный: сравнение тест-систем 2-го поколения Abbott (Architect, Alinity) и Roche (Cobas) применительно к ведению пациентов с хронической болезнью почек, находящихся на диализе. Нефрология и диализ. 2022. 24(1):117-120. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2022-1-117-120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бусыгин Д.А., Игонина Н.А., Хасьянова Е.М. и соавт. Паратгормон интактный: сравнение тест-систем 2-го поколения Abbott (Architect, Alinity) и Roche (Cobas) применительно к ведению пациентов с хронической болезнью почек, находящихся на диализе. Нефрология и диализ. 2022. 24(1):117-120. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2022-1-117-120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou X., Guo Y., Luo Y. The optimal range of serum intact parathyroid hormone for a lower risk of mortality in the incident hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure. 2021. 43(1): 599- 605. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2021.1903927</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou X., Guo Y., Luo Y. The optimal range of serum intact parathyroid hormone for a lower risk of mortality in the incident hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure. 2021. 43(1): 599- 605. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2021.1903927</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakaguchi Y., Hamano T., Kubota K. et al. Anion gap as a determinant of ionized fraction of divalent cations in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018. 13:274- 281. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07930717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakaguchi Y., Hamano T., Kubota K. et al. Anion gap as a determinant of ionized fraction of divalent cations in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018. 13:274- 281. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07930717</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaku Y., Ookawara S., Miyazawa H. et al. New method for the approximation of corrected calcium concentrations in chronic kidney disease patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2016. 20:46-52. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaku Y., Ookawara S., Miyazawa H. et al. New method for the approximation of corrected calcium concentrations in chronic kidney disease patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2016. 20:46-52. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Seigneux S., Courbebaisse M., Rutkowski J.M. et al. Proteinuria increases plasma phosphate by altering its tubular handling. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 26:1608-1618. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014010104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Seigneux S., Courbebaisse M., Rutkowski J.M. et al. Proteinuria increases plasma phosphate by altering its tubular handling. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 26:1608-1618. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014010104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maruyama Y., Taniguchi M., Kazama J.J. et al. A higher serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with the incidence of hip fracture and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis in Japan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. 29(8):1532-1538. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maruyama Y., Taniguchi M., Kazama J.J. et al. A higher serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with the incidence of hip fracture and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis in Japan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. 29(8):1532-1538. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfu055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan S.J., Cai M.M. Is there a role for newer biomarkers in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder management? Nephrology (Carlton). 2017. 22 (suppl 2):14-18. doi: 10.1111/nep.13015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan S.J., Cai M.M. Is there a role for newer biomarkers in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder management? Nephrology (Carlton). 2017. 22 (suppl 2):14-18. doi: 10.1111/nep.13015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ketteler M., Block G.A., Evenepoel P. et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2017 clinical practice guideline update. Ann Intern Med. 2018. 168:422-430. doi: 10.7326/M17-2640</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ketteler M., Block G.A., Evenepoel P. et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2017 clinical practice guideline update. Ann Intern Med. 2018. 168:422-430. doi: 10.7326/M17-2640</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander A.J., Jahangir D., Lazarus M., Sprague S.M. Imaging in chronic kidney disease-metabolic bone disease. Semin Dial. 2017. 30:361-368. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12598</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander A.J., Jahangir D., Lazarus M., Sprague S.M. Imaging in chronic kidney disease-metabolic bone disease. Semin Dial. 2017. 30:361-368. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12598</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucur R.C., Panjwani D.D., Turner L., et al. Low bone mineral density and fractures in stages 3-5 CKD: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2015. 26(2):449-458. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2813-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucur R.C., Panjwani D.D., Turner L., et al. Low bone mineral density and fractures in stages 3-5 CKD: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2015. 26(2):449-458. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2813-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ketteler M., Block G.A., Evenepoel P. et al. Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: what’s changed and why it matters. Kidney International. 2017. 92(1):26-36. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ketteler M., Block G.A., Evenepoel P. et al. Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: what’s changed and why it matters. Kidney International. 2017. 92(1):26-36. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н., Губкина В.А., Мылов Н.М., Рубин М.П. Сравнительная информативность денситометрии периферического и осевого скелета в диагностике остеопенического синдрома у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2005. 1:7-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н., Губкина В.А., Мылов Н.М., Рубин М.П. Сравнительная информативность денситометрии периферического и осевого скелета в диагностике остеопенического синдрома у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2005. 1:7-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.B., Kim W.Y., Lee Y.M. The role of preoperative ultrasonography, computed tomography, and sestamibi scintigraphy localization in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2015. 89:300-305. doi: 10.4174/astr.2015.89.6.300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.B., Kim W.Y., Lee Y.M. The role of preoperative ultrasonography, computed tomography, and sestamibi scintigraphy localization in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2015. 89:300-305. doi: 10.4174/astr.2015.89.6.300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alkhalili E., Tasci Y., Aksoy E. et al. The utility of neck ultrasound and sestamibi scans in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg. 2015. 39:701-705. doi: 10.1007/s00268-014-2878-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alkhalili E., Tasci Y., Aksoy E. et al. The utility of neck ultrasound and sestamibi scans in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg. 2015. 39:701-705. doi: 10.1007/s00268-014-2878-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
