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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2023-3-360-382</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиперпаратиреоз и хроническая болезнь почек. Часть 2. Современные подходы к профилактике и лечению вторичного гиперпаратиреоза. Лекция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease. Part 2. Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Lecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветчинникова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetchinnikova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olg-vetchinnikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского» МЗ МО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Surgical Department of Kidney Transplantation M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical and Research Institute (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>360</fpage><lpage>382</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ветчинникова О.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetchinnikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/120">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/120</self-uri><abstract><p>Профилактика и лечение вторичного гиперпаратиреоза (ГПТ) у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) представляет собой сложную клиническую задачу. Чрезмерное подавление функции околощитовидных желез (ОЩЖ) чревата развитием гипопаратиреоза и адинамической костной болезни, наоборот, недооценка тяжести ГПТ приведет к дальнейшему нарастанию паратиреоидного гормона (ПТГ) крови, развитию нарушений минерального и костного обмена, сердечно-сосудистой и другой патологии, формированию третичного ГПТ. Современный подход к коррекции ХБП-ассоциированного ГПТ направлен на персонализированное предотвращение органного поражения и развития третичного ГПТ, повышение медицинской и социальной реабилитации и снижение летальности пациентов. Терапевтическая стратегия при вторичном ГПТ включает индивидуальное и одновременное воздействие на основные патогенетические факторы: гиперфосфатемию, гипокальциемию, дефицит/недостаточность витамина D (кальцидиола), избыточную секрецию ПТГ. Контроль гиперфосфатемии - важнейшая составляющая в коррекции вторичного ГПТ. Разработаны три способа для поддержания целевого уровня фосфора крови: ограничение содержания фосфора в пищевом рационе, увеличение выведения фосфора из организма в процессе диализной процедуры (для пациентов с ХБП 5 Д ст.), использование медикаментозных средств для уменьшения всасывания фосфора в желудочно-кишечном тракте. Каждый из перечисленных способов имеет определенную эффективность и недостатки. Поддержание нейтрального кальциевого баланса достигается диетой, назначением кальциевых добавок и купированием недостаточности/дефицита витамина D, у пациентов с ХБП 5 (Д) ст. добавляется индивидуальный подбор кальция в диализирующем растворе. Нативный витамин D обладает малой эффективностью для коррекции ГПТ на додиализном этапе ХБП и для этой цели не рекомендуется диализным пациентам. Коррекция недостаточности/дефицита кальцидиола проводится пищевыми и/или лекарственными формами нативного витамина D так же, как и в общей популяции. Использование активаторов рецепторов витамина D является общепризнанной тактикой контроля за функцией ОЩЖ, однако присущие им кальциемический и фосфатемический эффекты ограничивают их применение. Назначение активаторов рецепторов витамина D обосновано при тяжелом и прогрессирующем ГПТ у пациентов с ХБП 4-5 ст. Комбинация активатора рецепторов витамина D и кальцимиметика признана оптимальной стратегией лечения ГПТ у пациентов с ХБП 5 (Д) ст. Хирургическое лечение - паратиреоидэктомия - выполняется пациентам с рефрактерным, резистентным к медикаментозной терапии ГПТ. Показания к хирургическому лечению формулируются на основании не только сывороточного уровня ПТГ, который четко не определен, но и клинической симптоматики и ГПТ-ассоциированных осложнений. Современная терапевтическая стратегия призвана повысить эффективность профилактики и лечения ХБП-ассоциированного ГПТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex problem. Excessive suppression of the parathyroid glands (PTG) leads to the development of hypoparathyroidism and adynamic bone disease. On the contrary, an underestimation of the severity of SHPT can lead to a further increase in blood parathyroid hormone (PTH), the development of disorders of mineral and bone metabolism, cardiovascular and other pathologies, and the formation of tertiary HPT. The modern approach to the correction of SHPT is aimed at personalized prevention of organ damage and the development of tertiary HPT, increasing medical and social rehabilitation and reducing mortality in patients. The therapeutic strategy for SHPT includes individual and simultaneous effects on the main pathogenic factors: hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, vitamin D (calcidiol) deficiency/insufficiency, and excessive secretion of PTH. Control of hyperphosphatemia is essential for the control of SHPT. Current management options - diet and lifestyle changes, regular dialysis treatment, and use of phosphate binders have their benefits and limitations. Neutral calcium balance is maintained by diet, calcium supplements, vitamin D, and dialysate calcium. Native vitamin D has little efficacy in correcting SHPT in the pre-dialysis stage of CKD and is not recommended for dialysis patients. Vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) are widely used for the treatment of SHPT. However, VDRAs have calcemic and phosphatemic effects that limit their use to a subset of patients. VDRAs are prescribed to patients with CKD 4-5 st. with the progression of SHPT. A combination of VDRAs and a calcimimetic is recognized as the optimal strategy for SHPT in dialysis patients. Parathyroidectomy is performed in patients with refractory, drug-resistant SHPT. The indication for parathyroidectomy is not only the serum PTH level, which is not clearly defined but also clinical symptoms and HPT-associated complications. A modern therapeutic strategy should increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of CKD-associated HPT.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>вторичный гиперпаратиреоз</kwd><kwd>гиперфосфатемия</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>кальцимиметики</kwd><kwd>паратиреоидэктомия</kwd><kwd>сhronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>secondary hyperparathyroidism</kwd><kwd>hyperphosphatemia</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>calcimimetics</kwd><kwd>parathyroidectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ветчинникова О.Н. Гиперпаратиреоз и хроническая болезнь почек. Часть 1. Особенности патогенеза, клинические проявления, диагностическая стратегия. Лекция. Нефрология и диализ. 2023. 25(1):36-56. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-1-36-56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ветчинникова О.Н. 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