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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2023-3-394-400</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-122</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиологическая адаптация почек к беременности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physiological changes in kidneys during pregnancy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alekseeva.mari.vl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nkozlovskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Российский университет дружбы народов; ГКБ им. А.К. Ерамишанцева ГБУЗ г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University);  City Clinical Hospital named after A.K. Yeramishantsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>394</fpage><lpage>400</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева М.В., Козловская Н.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева М.В., Козловская Н.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva M.V., Kozlovskaya N.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/122">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/122</self-uri><abstract><p>Беременность представляет собой уникальное состояние, с наступлением которой организм женщины претерпевает различные адаптивные изменения, направленные, в первую очередь, на обеспечение должной перфузии плаценты, которая необходима для успешного вынашивания беременности. Почки, наряду со сердечно-сосудистой системой, играют ключевую роль в процессе физиологической адаптации к беременности. Уже на ранних сроках гестации изменившийся гормональной фон способствует системной вазодилатации, увеличению объема циркулирующей крови, за которыми следует увеличение почечного плазмотока и скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Вазодилатация способствует активации ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, что приводит к задержке натрия в организме и увеличению объема циркулирующей плазмы. Гиперволемия и повышение скорости клубочковой фильтрации обусловливают снижение концентрации сывороточного креатинина, что сегодня может рассматриваться как благоприятный признак акушерского и почечного исходов. Таким образом, нормальный уровень креатинина в сыворотке у здоровой беременной женщины всегда ниже, чем исходный, догестационный. Гломерулярная гиперфильтрация настолько выражена, что мочевая экскреция некоторых веществ превышает максимальную реабсорбционную способность проксимальных канальцев, и это приводит к появлению в моче белка, а иногда и глюкозы. Гиперфильтрация наряду с изменениями водно-электролитного баланса - неотъемлемая часть физиологических изменений, характеризующих здоровую беременность. Хотя они направлены на улучшение исходов гестации, они же могут стать предметом диагностических ошибок, если врачу неизвестно об особенностях физиологии беременных. Увеличение среднего возраста женщин, вступающих в первую беременность, повышает риск развития к моменту зачатия экстрагенитальных заболеваний, в том числе и заболеваний почек, которые могут отразиться на особенностях адаптационного процесса, что, в свою очередь, также может стать источником диагностических ошибок. Врачам-нефрологам и акушерам-гинекологам крайне важно иметь четкое представление о физиологических гестационных изменениях мочевыделительной системы, что будет способствовать своевременному выявлению патологии, определению прогноза и выработке индивидуальной тактики ведения беременности в случае ее наличия. В данной статье кратко описаны основные механизмы физиологической адаптации почек к беременности, в том числе понятие «физиологический ответ почек на беременность».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pregnancy is a unique condition, with the onset of which the woman's body undergoes various adaptive changes aimed primarily at ensuring proper perfusion of the placenta, which is necessary for a successful pregnancy. The kidneys and cardiovascular system play a key role in the physiological adaptation to pregnancy. Already in the early stages of gestation, the changed in the hormonal background contributes to systemic vasodilation, an increase in circulating blood volume, followed by an increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Vasodilation contributes to the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which leads to sodium retention in the body and an increase of plasma volume. Hypervolemia and an increase in GFR cause a decrease in serum creatinine concentration, which today can be considered a favorable sign of obstetric and renal outcomes. Thus, the normal serum creatinine level in a healthy pregnant woman is always lower than the initial, pregestational one. Glomerular hyperfiltration is so pronounced that the urinary excretion of certain substances exceeds the maximum reabsorption capacity of the proximal tubules, and this leads to the appearance of protein and sometimes glucose in the urine. Hyperfiltration, along with changes in fluid and electrolyte balance, is an integral part of the physiological changes that characterize a healthy pregnancy. Although they are aimed at improving gestational outcomes, they can also be the subject of diagnostic errors if the physician is not aware of the physiology of pregnant women. An increase in the average age of women entering their first pregnancy increases the risk of developing extragenital diseases by the time of conception, including kidney disease, which can affect the characteristics of the adaptation process, which, in turn, can also become a source of diagnostic errors. Nephrologists and obstetricians-gynecologists need to have a clear understanding of the physiological gestational changes in the urinary system, which will contribute to the timely detection of pathology, determining the prognosis, and developing individual tactics for managing pregnancy. This article briefly describes the main mechanisms of the physiological adaptation of the kidneys to pregnancy, including the concept of the "physiological response of the kidneys to pregnancy".</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физиология почек</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>клубочковая гиперфильтрация</kwd><kwd>kidney physiology</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>glomerular hyperfiltration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрюк Р.И., Бунин Ю.А., Гурьева В.М. и соав. Диагностика и лечение сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при беременности 2018. Национальные рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018. 3(155):91-134. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-3-91-134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стрюк Р.И., Бунин Ю.А., Гурьева В.М. и соав. Диагностика и лечение сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при беременности 2018. 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