<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-1514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика гипертрофии миокарда левого желудочка в первые два года после трансплантации почки и факторы ее определяющие</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The dynamics and risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy at the first and the second years after renal transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жидкова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhidkova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">natomilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сторожаков</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storojakov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гендлин</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gendlin</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Кафедра нефрологии МГМСУ, НИИ Трансплантологии и искусственных органов Росмедтехнологий, Кафедра госпитальной терапии № 2 РГМУ; г. Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>421</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жидкова Д.А., Томилина Н.А., Сторожаков Г.И., Гендлин Г.Е., Ким И.Г., Федорова Н.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жидкова Д.А., Томилина Н.А., Сторожаков Г.И., Гендлин Г.Е., Ким И.Г., Федорова Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhidkova D.A., Tomilina N.A., Storojakov G.I., Gendlin G.E., Kim I.G., Fedorova N.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/1514">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/1514</self-uri><abstract><p>Кардиоваскулярные заболевания (КВЗ) занимают первое место среди причин летальности реципиентов аллогенной почки. Гипертрофия миокарда левого желудочка (ГЛЖ) является независимым фактором риска смерти у этих пациентов, однако после аллотрансплантации почки (ТП) возможна частичная регрессия ГЛЖ. Целью настоящего исследования являлось выявление факторов риска и изучение динамики гипертрофии миокарда левого желудочка у реципиентов почечного аллотрансплантата в первые два года после пересадки. Обследовано 102 реципиента первичного почечного аллотрансплантата (64,7% мужчин, 35,3% женщин) в возрасте 39 ± 11 лет; у 30,4% реципиентов имелись сопутствующие КВЗ, главным образом ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС); медиана скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) была равна 49 (38; 67) мл/мин. Во всех случаях проводились стандартное эхокардиографическое исследование (ЭхоКГ). ГЛЖ констатировали при индексе массы миокарда левого желудочка (ИММЛЖ) ³134 г/м2 у мужчин и ³110 г/м2 у женщин. У 62 из 102 обследованных пациентов на протяжении 2-летнего срока наблюдения ЭхоКГ исследование выполнялось дважды. В первые 8 месяцев после ТП ГЛЖ определялась более чем у 50% реципиентов, начиная с 9-го посттрансплантационного месяца ее частота существенно снижалась, так что к концу первого года и на протяжении второго года после ТП она не превышала 30%. Снижению ИММЛЖ по истечении 8 мес. после ТП сопутствовала хорошая функция трансплантата, отсутствие артериальной гипертонии, гипоальбуминемии, функционирующей артериовенозной фистулы (АВФ). В подгруппе с ГЛЖ преобладали больные, лечившиеся гемодиализом, имевшие сопутствующую ИБС, инфекционные осложнения. Обнаружена положительная корреляция между ИММЛЖ и уровнем протеинурии в группе больных, обследованных от 9 до 24 мес. после ТП. Среди факторов, специально связанных с трансплантацией почки, персистированию/возникновению ГЛЖ способствовали ранние кризы отторжения (КО), которые воздействовали опосредованно через стойкое снижение СКФ, возникновение инфекций, обусловленное массивной иммуносупрессивной терапией, применяемой при лечении криза. При анализе динамики ЭхоКГ в подгруппе из 62 реципиентов, повторно обследованных в течение первых двух посттрансплантационных лет, оказалось, что частота ГЛЖ снизилась с 55% в срок около 4,5 мес. до 33,5% к 17,5 мес. после ТП (р = 0,008) (медиана ИММЛЖ 129 (105; 158) г/м2 и 113 (92; 146) г/м2, (р = 0,009). Эти больные были разделены на три группы в зависимости от изменения ИММЛЖ. У 34% пациентов наблюдалось регрессирование ГЛЖ, у 31% ее прогрессирование, а у 35% она отсутствовала на протяжении всего срока наблюдения. Положительная динамика ЭхоКГ показателей сочеталась с хорошей функцией трансплантата, нормализацией уровней артериального давления, ростом гемоглобина, повышением уровня альбуминов крови, отсутствием микроальбуминурии и сопутствующей ИБС. В группе пациентов с регрессированием ГЛЖ выявлено достоверное уменьшение числа больных с функционирующей АВФ. Связь ингибиторов АПФ (иАПФ) с отсутствием ГЛЖ прослежена на протяжении всего срока наблюдения от 1 до 24 месяцев. Медиана ИММЛЖ в группе получавших иАПФ составила 119 (100; 135) г/м2, а без этой терапии - 140 (108; 165) г/м2 (р = 0,006).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular events are the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients. The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) raises probability of adverse prognosis. On the other hand, partial regressions of LVH that is known to occur after renal transplantations (RT) may considerably decrease the risk. The aim of this study was revealing of major risk factors associated with progression/regression of LVH during the first and the second years after renal transplantations. We examined 102 renal transplant patients (64.7% males, 35.3% females, age 39 ± 11 years). The median of glomerular filtration rate was 49 (38; 67) ml/min; the ischemic heart disease (IHD) was diagnosed in 30.4% of recipients. Echocardiographic LV dimensions were recorded using standard technique. The LVH was detected if left ventricular mass index (LVMI) exceeded 134 g/m2 for men and 110 g/m2 for women. In first 8 months after RT the LVH criteria were met in more than 50% of patients; after 9 months after RT LVH was found only in 30% patients. Renal transplant dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, functioning of arteriovenous fistula, infections, and hemodialysis treatment were defined as factors associated with the LVH. Prevalence of LVH was significantly higher in patients with IHD. The risk for LVH was also increased in cases of acute rejection. 62 patients were repetitively examined by echocardiography. The LVH criteria appeared in 55% cases after 4.5 months and only in 33.5% after 17.5 months after RT (p = 0.008). The LVMI decreased from 129 (105; 158) to 113 (92; 146) g/m2, (p = 0.009). According to the progression or regression of LVH we subdivide all patients into three groups: (i) those without LVH during the follow-up period (35%), (ii) patient with a significant decrease in LVMI by the end of follow-up (34%), and (iii) group with a significant increase in LVMI at 17.5 months (31%). Regression of LVH was usually accompanied by normal renal transplant function, normalization of blood pressure, hemoglobin level, and arteriovenous fistula closure. Progression of LVH was associated with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and IHD. The median of LVMI in patients treated with ACE inhibitors (ACEi) was significantly lower than in recipients without ACEi (119 (100; 135) vs . 140 (108; 165) g/m2, р = 0.006).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>гипертрофия миокарда левого желудочка</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бадаева С.В., Томилина Н.А, Бикбов Б.Т. и соавт. Структурно-функциональные изменения миокарда при прогрессирующей хронической почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2006; 8 (3): 15-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бадаева С.В., Томилина Н.А, Бикбов Б.Т. и соавт. Структурно-функциональные изменения миокарда при прогрессирующей хронической почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2006; 8 (3): 15-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сторожаков Г.И., Гендлин Г.Е., Томилина Н.А. и соавт. Артериовенозная фистула как фактор риска ремоделирования левого желудочка и хронической сердечной недостаточности у больных после аллотрансплантации почки. Вестник российского государственного медицинского университета 2006; 4 (51): 33-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сторожаков Г.И., Гендлин Г.Е., Томилина Н.А. и соавт. Артериовенозная фистула как фактор риска ремоделирования левого желудочка и хронической сердечной недостаточности у больных после аллотрансплантации почки. Вестник российского государственного медицинского университета 2006; 4 (51): 33-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Томилина Н.А., Волгина Г.В., Бикбов Б.Т., Ким И.Г. Проблема сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при хронической почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2003; 5 (1): 15-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Томилина Н.А., Волгина Г.В., Бикбов Б.Т., Ким И.Г. Проблема сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при хронической почечной недостаточности. Нефрология и диализ 2003; 5 (1): 15-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шумаков В.И., Томилина Н.А., Ким И.Г. и соавт. Ишемическая болезнь сердца после трансплантации почки: эпидемиология, факторы риска и хирургические подходы к лечению. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук 2006; 11: 31-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шумаков В.И., Томилина Н.А., Ким И.Г. и соавт. Ишемическая болезнь сердца после трансплантации почки: эпидемиология, факторы риска и хирургические подходы к лечению. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук 2006; 11: 31-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achinger S.G., Ayus J.C. The role vitamin D in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 37-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achinger S.G., Ayus J.C. The role vitamin D in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function. Kidney Int 2005; 67: 37-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amann K., Ritz E., Wiest G. et al. A role of parathyroid hormone for the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in uremia. Am Soc Nephrol 1994; 4: 1814-1819.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amann K., Ritz E., Wiest G. et al. A role of parathyroid hormone for the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in uremia. Am Soc Nephrol 1994; 4: 1814-1819.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bleyer A.J., Burkart J.M., Russel G.B. et al. Dialysis modality and delayed graft function after cadaveric renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 154-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bleyer A.J., Burkart J.M., Russel G.B. et al. Dialysis modality and delayed graft function after cadaveric renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 154-159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brilla C.G., Funck R.C., Rupp H. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1388-1393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brilla C.G., Funck R.C., Rupp H. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1388-1393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Culleton B.F., Larson M.G., Wilson P.W. et al. Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 2214-2219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Culleton B.F., Larson M.G., Wilson P.W. et al. Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 2214-2219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahlof B., Pennert K., Hansson L. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients - A metanalysis of 109 treatment studies. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 95-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahlof B., Pennert K., Hansson L. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients - A metanalysis of 109 treatment studies. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 95-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Simone G. Left ventricular geometry and hypertension in end-stage renal disease. A mechanical perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2421-2427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Simone G. Left ventricular geometry and hypertension in end-stage renal disease. A mechanical perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2421-2427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Castro S., Migliau G., Giannantoni P. et al. Persistence of abnormal left ventricular filling following renal transplantation. Transplant Proceed 1993; 25: 2603-2604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Castro S., Migliau G., Giannantoni P. et al. Persistence of abnormal left ventricular filling following renal transplantation. Transplant Proceed 1993; 25: 2603-2604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Lima J.J., Vieira L.C., Viviani L.F. et al. Long-term impact of renal transplantation on carotid artery properties and on ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal failure patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17: 645-651.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Lima J.J., Vieira L.C., Viviani L.F. et al. Long-term impact of renal transplantation on carotid artery properties and on ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal failure patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17: 645-651.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devereux R.B., Alonso D.R., Lutas E.M. et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 450-458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devereux R.B., Alonso D.R., Lutas E.M. et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 450-458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evenepoel P., Claes K., Kuypers D. et al. Natural history of parathyroid and calcium metabolism after kidney transplantation: a single.centre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 1281-1287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evenepoel P., Claes K., Kuypers D. et al. Natural history of parathyroid and calcium metabolism after kidney transplantation: a single.centre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 1281-1287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fellströma B., Jardineb A.G., Soveria I. et al. Renal dysfunction is a strong and independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular complications in renal transplantation. Am J of Transplant 2005; 5: 1986-1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fellströma B., Jardineb A.G., Soveria I. et al. Renal dysfunction is a strong and independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular complications in renal transplantation. Am J of Transplant 2005; 5: 1986-1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez F.G., Escalladaa R., de Franciscoa A.L.M. et al. Association between pulse pressure and cardiovascular disease in renal transplant patients. Am J of Transplant 2005; 5: 394-399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez F.G., Escalladaa R., de Franciscoa A.L.M. et al. Association between pulse pressure and cardiovascular disease in renal transplant patients. Am J of Transplant 2005; 5: 394-399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira R.C., Moises V.A., Taraves A. et al. Cardiovascular effects of successful renal transplantation: a 1-year sequential study of left ventricular morphology and function, and 24-hour blood pressure profile. Transplant 2002; 74 (11): 1580-1587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira R.C., Moises V.A., Taraves A. et al. Cardiovascular effects of successful renal transplantation: a 1-year sequential study of left ventricular morphology and function, and 24-hour blood pressure profile. Transplant 2002; 74 (11): 1580-1587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foley R.N., Parfrey P.S., Harnett J.D. et al. Clinical and echocardiographic disease in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 728-736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foley R.N., Parfrey P.S., Harnett J.D. et al. Clinical and echocardiographic disease in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 728-736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez D. Left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: new approach to a deadly disorder. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 1682-1686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez D. Left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: new approach to a deadly disorder. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19: 1682-1686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez D., Lacalzada J., Salido E. et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by lisinopril after renal transplantation. Role of angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 889-897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez D., Lacalzada J., Salido E. et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by lisinopril after renal transplantation. Role of angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 889-897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Himelman R.B., Landzberg J.S., Simonson J.S. et al. Cardiac consequences of renal transplantation: changes in left ventricular morphology and function. J Am College Cardiol 1988; 12: 915-923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himelman R.B., Landzberg J.S., Simonson J.S. et al. Cardiac consequences of renal transplantation: changes in left ventricular morphology and function. J Am College Cardiol 1988; 12: 915-923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huting J. Course of left ventricular hypertrophy and function in end-stage renal disease after renal transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 1481-1484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huting J. Course of left ventricular hypertrophy and function in end-stage renal disease after renal transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70: 1481-1484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikaheimo M., Linnaluoto M., Huttunen K. et al. Effects of renal transplantation on left ventricular size and function. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 150-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikaheimo M., Linnaluoto M., Huttunen K. et al. Effects of renal transplantation on left ventricular size and function. Br Heart J 1982; 47: 150-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasiske B.L., Chakkera H.A., Roel J. Explained and unexplained ischemic heart disease risk after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 1735-1743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasiske B.L., Chakkera H.A., Roel J. Explained and unexplained ischemic heart disease risk after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 1735-1743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasiske B.L., Guijarro C., Massy Z.A. et al. Cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 158-156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasiske B.L., Guijarro C., Massy Z.A. et al. Cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 158-156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasiske B.L. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation. Transplant 2001; 72: 5-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasiske B.L. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation. Transplant 2001; 72: 5-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klingbeil A.U., Muller H.J., Delles C. et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by AT1 receptor blockade in renal transplant recipients. AJH 2000; 13: 1295-1300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klingbeil A.U., Muller H.J., Delles C. et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by AT1 receptor blockade in renal transplant recipients. AJH 2000; 13: 1295-1300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levey A.S., Bosch J.P., Lewis J.B. et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 461-470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levey A.S., Bosch J.P., Lewis J.B. et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 461-470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGregor E., Jardine A.G., Murray L.S. et al. Pre-operative echocardiographic abnormalities and adverse outcome following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1499-1505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGregor E., Jardine A.G., Murray L.S. et al. Pre-operative echocardiographic abnormalities and adverse outcome following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1499-1505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGregor E., Stewart G., Rodger R.S. et al. Early echocardiographic changes and survival following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 93-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGregor E., Stewart G., Rodger R.S. et al. Early echocardiographic changes and survival following renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 93-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meier-Kriesche H.U., Baliga R., Kaplan B. Decreased renal function is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular death after renal transplantation. Transplant 2003; 75: 1291-1295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meier-Kriesche H.U., Baliga R., Kaplan B. Decreased renal function is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular death after renal transplantation. Transplant 2003; 75: 1291-1295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middleton R.J., Parfrey P.S., Foley R.N. Left ventricular hypertrophy in renal patient. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 1079-1084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middleton R.J., Parfrey P.S., Foley R.N. Left ventricular hypertrophy in renal patient. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 1079-1084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paoletti E., Cassottana P., Amidone M. et al. ACE inhibitors and persistent left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 50 (1): 133-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paoletti E., Cassottana P., Amidone M. et al. ACE inhibitors and persistent left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 50 (1): 133-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfrey P.S., Collingwood P., Foley R.N. et al. Left ventricular disorders detected by M-mode echocardiography in chronic uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1328-1331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfrey P.S., Collingwood P., Foley R.N. et al. Left ventricular disorders detected by M-mode echocardiography in chronic uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1328-1331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfrey P.S., Foley R.N., Harnett J.D. et al. Outcome and risk factors for left ventricular disorders in chronic uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1277-1285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfrey P.S., Foley R.N., Harnett J.D. et al. Outcome and risk factors for left ventricular disorders in chronic uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1277-1285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parfrey P.S., Harnett J.D., Foley R.N. et al. Impact of renal transplantation on uremic cardiomyopathy. Transplant 1995; 60: 908-914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfrey P.S., Harnett J.D., Foley R.N. et al. Impact of renal transplantation on uremic cardiomyopathy. Transplant 1995; 60: 908-914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigatto C. Clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in renal transplant recipients. Semin Dial 2003; 16: 106-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigatto C. Clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in renal transplant recipients. Semin Dial 2003; 16: 106-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigatto C., Foley R.N., Jeffery J. et al. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients: prognostic value and impact of blood pressure and anemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 462-468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigatto C., Foley R.N., Jeffery J. et al. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients: prognostic value and impact of blood pressure and anemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 462-468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigatto C., Foley R.N., Kent G.M. et al. Long-term changes in left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation. Transplant 2000; 4 (70): 570-575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigatto C., Foley R.N., Kent G.M. et al. Long-term changes in left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation. Transplant 2000; 4 (70): 570-575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarafidis A., Bakris G.L. Microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21 (9): 2366-2374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarafidis A., Bakris G.L. Microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21 (9): 2366-2374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Duijnhoven E.C., Cheriex E.C., Tordoir J.H. et al. Effect of closure of the arteriovenous fistula on left ventricular dimensions in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 368-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Duijnhoven E.C., Cheriex E.C., Tordoir J.H. et al. Effect of closure of the arteriovenous fistula on left ventricular dimensions in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 368-372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wachtell K., Olsen M.H., Dahlof B. et al. Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 405-412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wachtell K., Olsen M.H., Dahlof B. et al. Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens 2002; 20: 405-412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimmermann J., Herrlinger S., Pruy A. et al. Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1999; 55: 648-658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmermann J., Herrlinger S., Pruy A. et al. Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1999; 55: 648-658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
