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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2024-2-165-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика серии случаев врожденных аномалий почек и мочевыводящих путей (CAKUT): пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic lesions in a series of russian CAKUT patients: a pilot study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-4536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янус</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanus</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">octavedoctor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-2090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суспицын</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suspitsyn</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny.suspitsin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексахина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksakhina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pamparam24@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-2871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горгуль</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorgul</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorgul.yuliy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вощинина</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voshchinina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">voarina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-893X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тумакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nastenka_0892@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-1014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kris6060@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8120-2816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насыров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ran53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">7354838@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурасова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Durasova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">7354838@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войсковая</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voyskovaya</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">7354838@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавкин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavkin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">7354838@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-7891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny@imyanitov.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России; ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ ДГМ КСЦ ВМТ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Children’s City multidisciplinary clinical specialized center for advanced medical technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Янус Г.А., Суспицын Е.Н., Алексахина С.Н., Горгуль Ю.А., Вощинина А.Е., Тумакова А.В., Федотова Е.П., Насыров Р.А., Зверева А.Ю., Дурасова Т.А., Войсковая К.В., Шавкин А.Л., Имянитов Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Янус Г.А., Суспицын Е.Н., Алексахина С.Н., Горгуль Ю.А., Вощинина А.Е., Тумакова А.В., Федотова Е.П., Насыров Р.А., Зверева А.Ю., Дурасова Т.А., Войсковая К.В., Шавкин А.Л., Имянитов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yanus G.A., Suspitsyn E.N., Aleksakhina S.N., Gorgul Y.A., Voshchinina A.E., Tumakova A.V., Fedotova E.P., Nasyrov R.A., Zvereva A.Y., Durasova T.A., Voyskovaya K.V., Shavkin A.L., Imyanitov E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/167">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/167</self-uri><abstract><p>Врожденные аномалии почек и мочевыводящих путей (CAKUT, Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract) являются частой причиной развития хронической болезни почек у детей и молодых взрослых. Заболевания этого спектра нередко имеют генетическую природу и встречаются как в виде изолированных пороков развития, так и в структуре наследственных синдромов. Характерными чертами CAKUT являются выраженная генетическая гетерогенность, неполная пенетрантность и вариабельность фенотипических проявлений. Цель: Определить частоту и охарактеризовать структуру наследственных генетических дефектов у когорты российских больных CAKUT, проследить взаимосвязь генотипа и клинической картины заболевания. Материалы и методы: пациентам с хронической болезнью почек на фоне CAKUT (5 изолированных и 11 синдромальных случаев) проведено клиническое секвенирование экзома; при анализе результатов первоочередное внимание уделялось поиску редких вариантов в генах, ассоциированных с развитием CAKUT (n=91), а также кистозных дисплазий почек / нефронофтиза (n=72). Результаты: вероятная причина заболевания установлена у 7 из 16 больных (44%): обнаружены мутации генов EYA1, PAX2, MAFB, KMT2D, GATA3, TMEM67. Все случаи, в которых были выявлены патогенные / вероятно патогенные варианты, относились к синдромальным разновидностям CAKUT (бранхиооторенальный и колобомо-ренальный синдромы, мультицентрический карпотарзальный остеолиз, синдромы Кабуки и Бараката, нефронофтиз типа 11). Еще у одного пациента обнаружены редкие миссенс-варианты BNC2, NOTCH2, KMT2D с неизвестным клиническим значением. За исключением аутосомно-рецессивного нефронофтиза 11, все выявленные наследственные заболевания имели аутосомно-доминантный тип наследования, причем по меньшей мере в 3/6 (50%) случаев мутации возникли de novo. Любопытно, что нефронофтиз, проявившийся в данном случае гиподисплазией почек, продемонстрировал отсутствие кистозных изменений и клинически расценивался в качестве CAKUT-синдрома. Заключение: выявление генетической (моногенной) природы заболевания открывает возможности для медико-генетического консультирования семей и уточнения прогноза, а также позволяет обратить внимание на возможные экстраренальные проявления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) are a frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults. Anomalies of the CAKUT spectrum are often associated with monogenic conditions and occur both as isolated malformations and in the structure of hereditary syndromes. CAKUT is characterized by marked genetic heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, and variability of phenotypic manifestations. Objective: to assess the spectrum of inherited genetic defects in a cohort of Russian CAKUT patients, to trace genotype/phenotype correlations. Materials and methods: patients with CAKUT-related chronic kidney disease (5 isolated and 11 syndromal cases) underwent clinical exome sequencing; when analyzing the results, priority was given to the search for rare variants in genes associated with the development of CAKUT (n=91), as well as cystic renal dysplasia/nephronophthisis (n=72). Results: Probable cause of the disease was identified in 7 of 16 patients (44%): EYA1, PAX2, MAFB, KMT2D, GATA3, and TMEM67 mutations were detected. All pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in syndromal CAKUT varieties only (branchio-oto-renal and coloboma-renal syndromes, multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis, Kabuki and Barakat syndromes, nephronophthisis type 11). One patient was found to harbor rare missense BNC2, NOTCH2, and KMT2D variants of unknown clinical significance. Except autosomal recessive nephronophthisis 11, all identified inherited diseases had an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, with at least 3/6 (50%) of cases being caused by de novo mutations. Interestingly, nephronophthisis, presenting as renal hypodysplasia, demonstrated the absence of cysts and was clinically recognized as CAKUT syndrome. Conclusion: identification of the genetic (monogenic) nature of the disease opens up opportunities for medical and genetic counseling of families and clarification of prognosis, as well as allows timely detection of the possible extrarenal manifestations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CAKUT</kwd><kwd>врожденные пороки развития почек и мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>CAKUT</kwd><kwd>Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>next-generation sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolvenbach CM, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. The genetics and pathogenesis of CAKUT. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023. doi: 10.1038/s41581-023-00742-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolvenbach CM, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. The genetics and pathogenesis of CAKUT. 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