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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1suppl-11-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ - ВИЧ И ХБП</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPLEMENT - HIV AND CKD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная концепция хронической болезни почек при ВИЧ-инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern concept of chronic kidney disease in HIV patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">volginagv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджикулиева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhikulieva</surname><given-names>Madina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волгина Г.В., Томилина Н.А., Гаджикулиева М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волгина Г.В., Томилина Н.А., Гаджикулиева М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volgina G.V., Tomilina N.A., Gadzhikulieva M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/17">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/17</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространенность инфицирования вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) приняла характер пандемии. Антиретровирусная терапия (АРТ) заметно снизила смертность от синдрома приобретенного иммунодефицита и оппортунистических инфекционных заболеваний, что привело к увеличению продолжительности жизни людей, инфицированных ВИЧ, но при этом увеличилась частота хронической болезни почек (ХБП), осложняющей ВИЧ-инфекцию. ХБП является сопутствующей патологией, имеющей большое клиническое значение среди людей, живущих с ВИЧ (ЛЖВ), и связана со значительной заболеваемостью и смертностью. Этиология заболеваний почек среди ЛЖВ включает заболевания, связанные с ВИЧ, такие как классическая нефропатия, ассоциированная с ВИЧ, или иммунокомплексные заболевания, ХБП, связанную с неинфекционной сопутствующей патологией (НСП) и антиретровирусной токсичностью. Хотя уже давно признано, что ВИЧ-инфекция является фактором риска ХБП, важно отметить, что характер заболевания почек у ЛЖВ изменился. Вместо ранее наблюдавшихся ВИЧ-ассоциированных заболеваний почек или острого повреждения почек, связанных с такими заболеваниями как оппортунистические инфекции, в настоящее время ХБП часто связана с НСП. Факторы риска развития ХБП у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц включают старение, артериальную гипертензию, сахарный диабет, ко-инфекцию вирусом гепатита С, низкое количество клеток CD4, высокую вирусную нагрузку и ряд других. Все большее значение в мониторинге ЛЖВ приобретает кумулятивный токсический эффект АРТ, действие которой может привести к повреждению нескольких органов, в том числе и почек, следствием чего может быть значительное снижение качества жизни инфицированных лиц. ХБП также связана с увеличением госпитализации, особенно у пожилых пациентов и пациентов с коморбидной сердечно-сосудистой патологией. ХБП, однажды установленная, часто неуклонно прогрессирует и может привести к терминальной стадии почечной недостаточности, вероятность развития которой в 2-20 раз выше, чем у населения в целом. Выявление пациентов с факторами риска ХБП и соответствующий скрининг для раннего выявления ХБП имеют жизненно важное значение для улучшения результатов лечения пациентов. ВИЧ-инфекция и ХБП являются двумя эпидемическими заболеваниями с важными социальными, клиническими и экономическими последствиями. Взаимодействие между этими двумя болезнями представляет собой пересечение между инфекционными и неинфекционными заболеваниями. Этот обзор литературы предназначен для оценки современной проблемы, связанной с ХБП у лиц, живущих с вирусной инфекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The HIV-infection is a pandemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) markedly reduced mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and opportunistic infectious diseases. This led to an increase in the life expectancy of people infected with HIV. Nevertheless, the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that complicates HIV-infection increased. CKD is a comorbidity of major clinical significance amongst people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The etiology of kidney disease amongst PLWHIV includes HIV-related diseases, such as classic HIV-associated nephropathy or immune complex disease, CKD related to non-infectious comorbidities (NICMs), and antiretroviral toxicity. While it has long been recognised that HIV-infection is a risk factor for CKD, it is important to note that the pattern of kidney disease affecting PLWHIV has changed. Rather than the previously seen HIV-associated renal conditions, or acute kidney injury related to illnesses such as opportunistic infections, CKD now is often related to NICMs. Risk factors associated with CKD in HIV-infected populations include aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and co-infection with hepatitis C virus, a low CD4 cell count, and a high HIV viral load. The cumulative toxic effect of antiretroviral drugs, which can lead to damage to several organs, including the kidneys, can result in a significant decrease in the quality of life of HIV-infected patients. CKD is also associated with increased hospital admissions, especially in elderly patients and patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease. CKD, once established, is often relentlessly progressive and can lead to end-stage renal failure, which is 2-20 times more likely to develop than the general population. Identifying patients with risk factors for CKD, and appropriate screening for the early detection of CKD are vital to improve patient outcomes. HIV-infection and CKD are two epidemic diseases with important social, clinical, and economic implications. The interplay between these two diseases represents an intersection between communicable and non-communicable diseases. This literature review is intended to assess the current problem of CKD in individuals living with the viral infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Data and Statistics. Available online: http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/ (accessed on 9 July 2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Data and Statistics. 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