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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2024-2-204-215</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-170</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как не пропустить атипичный гемолитико-уремический синдром у пациентов в листе ожидания трансплантации почки. Лекция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How not to miss atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in patients on kidney transplant waiting list. Lecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-9816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">renalnephron@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского; ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский институт акушерства и гинекологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute; Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>215</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопенко Е.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopenko E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/170">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/170</self-uri><abstract><p>Атипичный гемолитико-уремический синдром (аГУС) - орфанное заболевание, обусловленное дисрегуляцией и гиперактивацией альтернативного пути комплемента, имеющее характерную морфологическую картину поражения сосудов микроциркуляторного русла и триаду (иногда неполную) клинических проявлений: тромбоцитопению, микроангиопатическую гемолитическую анемию и поражение органов-мишеней. Чрезмерная активация комплемента при аГУС вызвана мутациями генов, кодирующих белки системы комплемента, или образованием антител к некоторым из них. Применение комплемент-блокирующей терапии экулизумабом значительно улучшило результаты лечения пациентов с аГУС, в том числе результаты трансплантации почки (ТП) у больных с высоким/средним риском рецидива тромботической микроангиопатии (ТМА) после трансплантации, которым экулизумаб назначается профилактически. Однако некоторые пациенты с аГУС при отсутствии полного симптомокомплекса заболевания достигают ХБП С5 и включаются в листы ожидания ТП без установления правильного диагноза, что может иметь серьезные последствия: возврат аГУС в ренальном трансплантате с быстрой потерей его функции, развитие угрожающих жизни проявлений системной ТМА. Известно, что терапия спасения экулизумабом менее эффективна, чем его профилактическое назначение пациентам группы риска рецидива после ТП. Кроме того, в случае рецидива аГУС в трансплантате время для обследования пациента, как правило, ограничено. В статье приводятся клинические наблюдения, демонстрирующие сложность диагностики «пропущенного» аГУС у пациентов в листе ожидания ТП и после трансплантации. По-видимому, при включении в лист ожидания ТП особую настороженность в отношении аГУС надо проявлять у подростков и пациентов молодого возраста с тяжелой АГ, резистентной к лечению анемией, эпизодами тромбоцитопении, любыми экстраренальными поражениями, пациентов, перенесших типичный ГУС, женщин с ХБП С5 в исходе перенесенной тяжелой преэклампсии/HELLP-синдрома, а также у пациентов, потерявших первый трансплантата по причине ТМА. Таким пациентам должно быть проведено комплексное обследование, включающее повторную оценку анамнеза (в том числе семейного), иммунологическое обследование для исключения других причин ТМА, генетическое исследование системы комплемента, определение антител к фактору H, а также нефробиопсию в отсутствие выраженного уменьшения размеров почек и высокого риска кровотечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an orphan disease caused by dysregulation and hyperactivation of the alternative complement pathway, which has a characteristic morphological picture of microvascular lesions and a triad (sometimes incomplete) of clinical manifestations: thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and target organ damage. Excessive activation of complement in aHUS is caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the complement system or the formation of antibodies to some of them. The use of complement-blocking therapy with eculizumab has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with aHUS, including the results of kidney transplantation (KT) in patients at high/intermediate risk of recurrent thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after transplantation who are treated with eculizumab prophylactically. However, some patients with aHUS, in the absence of the full complex of symptoms, reach CKD G5 and are included in the waiting list for KT without establishing a correct diagnosis, which can have serious consequences: the return of aHUS in the renal graft with a rapid loss of its function, the development of life-threatening manifestations of systemic TMA. Salvage therapy with eculizumab is known to be less effective than its prophylactic administration in patients at risk of relapse after KT. In addition, in the case of aHUS recurrence in the graft, time for patient evaluation is usually limited. The article presents clinical observations demonstrating the difficulty of diagnosing “missed» aHUS in patients on the KT waiting list and after transplantation. When included in the KT waiting list, special vigilance regarding aHUS should be exercised in adolescents and young patients with severe hypertension, treatment-resistant anemia, episodes of thrombocytopenia, any extrarenal lesions, patients who have had typical HUS, women with CKD C5 after severe preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome, as well as in patients who lost their first renal transplant due to TMA. Such patients should undergo a comprehensive examination, including re-evaluation of medical history (including family history), immunological examination to exclude other causes of TMA, genetic testing of the complement system, determination of antibodies to factor H, and kidney biopsy in the absence of a significant reduction in kidney size and high risk of bleeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атипичный гемолитико-уремический синдром (аГУС)</kwd><kwd>тромботическая микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>обследование перед трансплантацией</kwd><kwd>исходы трансплантации почки</kwd><kwd>экулизумаб</kwd><kwd>atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS)</kwd><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>pretransplant evaluation</kwd><kwd>postrenal transplant outcomes</kwd><kwd>eculizumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson G.L., Kavanagh D. 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