nidНефрология и диализNephrology and Dialysis1680-44222618-9801Российское диализное обществоnid-1937Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESБолезни легких цепейDiseases of light chainsРехтинаИ. Г.RekhtinaI. G.rekhtina@blood.ruБирюковаЛ. С.BirukovaL. S.noemail@neicon.ruГематологический научный центр РАМН, г. МоскваRussian Federation20052606202574422427Copyright © Рехтина И.Г., Бирюкова Л.С., 20252025Рехтина И.Г., Бирюкова Л.С.Rekhtina I.G., Birukova L.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/1937
Белок Бенс-Джонса (BJ) получил свое название по имени английского биохимика Henry Bence Jones, обнаружившего его в моче у больного множественной миеломой (ММ) в 1845 г. [1]. Позднее, в 1962 г., было установлено, что белок BJ представляет собой легкие цепи моноклонального иммуноглобулина, синтезируемого клоном В-лимфоцитов [
легкие цепимножественная миеломаамилоидозReferencesАндреева Н.Е. Множественная миелома: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Гематол. и трансфузиол. 1998; 3: 4-11.Андреева Н.Е. Множественная миелома: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Гематол. и трансфузиол. 1998; 3: 4-11.Ткаченко Н.Я., Суханов А.В., Варясин В.В. и соавт. Острая почечная недостаточность как проявление миеломной почки в сочетании с болезнью депонирования моноклональных иммуноглобулинов. Нефрология и диализ 2005; 1: 64-69.Ткаченко Н.Я., Суханов А.В., Варясин В.В. и соавт. Острая почечная недостаточность как проявление миеломной почки в сочетании с болезнью депонирования моноклональных иммуноглобулинов. Нефрология и диализ 2005; 1: 64-69.Alpers C.E., Marchioro T.L., Johnson R.J. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease in a renal allograft: probable recurrent disease in a patient without myeloma. Am J Kidney Dis 1989; 13: 418-423.Alpers C.E., Marchioro T.L., Johnson R.J. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease in a renal allograft: probable recurrent disease in a patient without myeloma. Am J Kidney Dis 1989; 13: 418-423.Barlogie B., Alexanian R., Jagannath S. Plasma cell dyscrasias. JAMA 1992; 268: 2946.Barlogie B., Alexanian R., Jagannath S. Plasma cell dyscrasias. JAMA 1992; 268: 2946.Bellotti V., Merlini G., Bucciarelli E. et al. Relevance of class, molecular weight and isoelectric point in predicting human light chain amyloidogenicity. Br J Haematol 1990; 74: 65-69.Bellotti V., Merlini G., Bucciarelli E. et al. Relevance of class, molecular weight and isoelectric point in predicting human light chain amyloidogenicity. Br J Haematol 1990; 74: 65-69.Bellotti V., Stoppini M., Merlini G. et al. Amino acid sequence of k Sci, the Bence Jones protein isolated from a patient with light chain deposition disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1097: 177-182.Bellotti V., Stoppini M., Merlini G. et al. Amino acid sequence of k Sci, the Bence Jones protein isolated from a patient with light chain deposition disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1097: 177-182.Buxbaum J., Gallo G. Non-amyloidotic monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Light-chain, heavy-chain, and light- and heavy-chain deposition disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999; 13: 1235-1248.Buxbaum J., Gallo G. Non-amyloidotic monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Light-chain, heavy-chain, and light- and heavy-chain deposition disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999; 13: 1235-1248.Buxbaum J.N. Infiltrative Nonamyloidotic Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Light Chain Cardiomyopathy: An Underappreciated Manifectation of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias. Cardiology 2000; 93: 220-228.Buxbaum J.N. Infiltrative Nonamyloidotic Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Light Chain Cardiomyopathy: An Underappreciated Manifectation of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias. Cardiology 2000; 93: 220-228.Cogne M., Silvain C., Khamlichi A.A. et al. Structurally abnormal immunoglobulins in human immunoproliferative disorders. Blood 1992; 79: 2181.Cogne M., Silvain C., Khamlichi A.A. et al. Structurally abnormal immunoglobulins in human immunoproliferative disorders. Blood 1992; 79: 2181.Colussi G., Barbarono L., Airaghi C. Clinical spectrum of tubular disorders from light chains. In: Minetti L., D. Amico G., Ponticelli C., editors. The kidney in plasma cell dyscrasia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad Publ 1988: 191-209.Colussi G., Barbarono L., Airaghi C. Clinical spectrum of tubular disorders from light chains. In: Minetti L., D. Amico G., Ponticelli C., editors. The kidney in plasma cell dyscrasia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad Publ 1988: 191-209.Comenzo R.L., Vosburgh E., Falk R.H. et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stemcell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients. Blood 1998; 91: 3662-3670.Comenzo R.L., Vosburgh E., Falk R.H. et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stemcell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients. Blood 1998; 91: 3662-3670.Cooper E.H., Forbes M.A., Crockson R.A., Mac Lennan I.C.M. Proximal renal tubular function in myelomatosis: observations in the fourth MRC trial. J Clin Pathol 1984; 37: 848-852.Cooper E.H., Forbes M.A., Crockson R.A., Mac Lennan I.C.M. Proximal renal tubular function in myelomatosis: observations in the fourth MRC trial. J Clin Pathol 1984; 37: 848-852.Day E.D. The light chains of immunoglobulins. In: Day E.D., editor. Advanced Immunochemistry. New York: Wiley 1990; 3-51.Day E.D. The light chains of immunoglobulins. In: Day E.D., editor. Advanced Immunochemistry. New York: Wiley 1990; 3-51.Decourt C., Cogne M., Rocca A. Structural peculiarities of a truncated V kappa III immunoglobulin light chain in myeloma with light chain deposition disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 106: 357-361.Decourt C., Cogne M., Rocca A. Structural peculiarities of a truncated V kappa III immunoglobulin light chain in myeloma with light chain deposition disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1996; 106: 357-361.Deret S., Chomilier J., Huang D.B. et al. Molecular modeling of immunoglobulin light chains implicates hydrophobic residues in non amyloid light chain deposition diseases. Protein Eng 1997; 10: 1191-1197.Deret S., Chomilier J., Huang D.B. et al. Molecular modeling of immunoglobulin light chains implicates hydrophobic residues in non amyloid light chain deposition diseases. Protein Eng 1997; 10: 1191-1197.Dhodapkar M.V., Hussein M.A., Rasmussen E. et al. Clinical efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone with maintenance dexamethasone/alpha interferon in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis: results of United States Intergroup Trial Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S9628. Blood 2004; 104: 3520-3526.Dhodapkar M.V., Hussein M.A., Rasmussen E. et al. Clinical efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone with maintenance dexamethasone/alpha interferon in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis: results of United States Intergroup Trial Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S9628. Blood 2004; 104: 3520-3526.Dubtey S., Pollak A., Skinner M., Falk R.H. Atrial thrombi occurring during sinus rhythm in cardiac amyloidosis: evidence for atrial electromechanical dissociation. British Heart Journal 1995; 74: 541-544.Dubtey S., Pollak A., Skinner M., Falk R.H. Atrial thrombi occurring during sinus rhythm in cardiac amyloidosis: evidence for atrial electromechanical dissociation. British Heart Journal 1995; 74: 541-544.Duston M.A., Skinner M., Shraham T., Cohen A.S. Diagnosis of amyloidosis by abdominal fat aspiration: analysis of 4 years experience. Am J Med 1987; 82: 412-414.Duston M.A., Skinner M., Shraham T., Cohen A.S. Diagnosis of amyloidosis by abdominal fat aspiration: analysis of 4 years experience. Am J Med 1987; 82: 412-414.Edelman G.M., Gally J.A. The nature of Bence Jones protein: chemical similarities to polypeptide chains of myeloma globulins and normal globulins. J Exp Med 1962; 116: 202-227.Edelman G.M., Gally J.A. The nature of Bence Jones protein: chemical similarities to polypeptide chains of myeloma globulins and normal globulins. J Exp Med 1962; 116: 202-227.Falk R.H., Comenzo R.L., Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 898-912.Falk R.H., Comenzo R.L., Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses: current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 898-912.Fang L.S.T. Light chain nephropathy. Kidney Int 1985; 27: 582-592.Fang L.S.T. Light chain nephropathy. Kidney Int 1985; 27: 582-592.Gallo G., Goni F., Boctor F. et al. Light chain cardiomyopathy. Structural analysis of the light chain tissue deposits. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 1397-1406.Gallo G., Goni F., Boctor F. et al. Light chain cardiomyopathy. Structural analysis of the light chain tissue deposits. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 1397-1406.Gallo G., Wisniewsky T., Choi-Miura N.H. et al. Potential role of apolipoprote in protein fibrillogenesis. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 526-530.Gallo G., Wisniewsky T., Choi-Miura N.H. et al. Potential role of apolipoprote in protein fibrillogenesis. Am J Pathol 1994; 145: 526-530.Geoch J., Smith J.F., Ledingham J. et al. Inhibition of active transport sodium-potassium ATP-ase by myeloma protein. Lancet 1978; 2: 17-18.Geoch J., Smith J.F., Ledingham J. et al. Inhibition of active transport sodium-potassium ATP-ase by myeloma protein. Lancet 1978; 2: 17-18.Gertx M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for untreated patients with primery systemic amyloidosis. Medical Oncology 1999; 16: 104-109.Gertx M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for untreated patients with primery systemic amyloidosis. Medical Oncology 1999; 16: 104-109.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Gastineau D.A. et al. Blood stem cell transplantation as therapy for primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). Bone Marrow Transplantation 2000; 26: 963-969.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Gastineau D.A. et al. Blood stem cell transplantation as therapy for primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). Bone Marrow Transplantation 2000; 26: 963-969.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for previously treated immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. American Journal of Hematology 1999; 61: 115-119.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Phase II trial of high-dose dexamethasone for previously treated immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. American Journal of Hematology 1999; 61: 115-119.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Prospective randomized trial of melphalan and prednisone versus vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide and prednisone in the treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17: 262-267.Gertz M.A., Lacy M.Q., Lust J.A. et al. Prospective randomized trial of melphalan and prednisone versus vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide and prednisone in the treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17: 262-267.Gillmore J.D., Apperley J.F., Craddock C. et al. High-dose melphalan and stem cell rescue for AL amyloidosis. In: Amyloid and Amyloidosis. NY: Parthenon Publishing, Pearl River 1998; 102-104.Gillmore J.D., Apperley J.F., Craddock C. et al. High-dose melphalan and stem cell rescue for AL amyloidosis. In: Amyloid and Amyloidosis. NY: Parthenon Publishing, Pearl River 1998; 102-104.Gillmore J.D., Hawkins P.N., Pepys M.B. Amyloidosis: a review of recent diagnostic and therapeutic developments. Br J Haematol 1997; 99: 245-256.Gillmore J.D., Hawkins P.N., Pepys M.B. Amyloidosis: a review of recent diagnostic and therapeutic developments. Br J Haematol 1997; 99: 245-256.Graziani M., Merlini G., Petrini C. Guidelines for the Analysis of Bence Jones Protein. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41 (3): 338-346.Graziani M., Merlini G., Petrini C. Guidelines for the Analysis of Bence Jones Protein. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41 (3): 338-346.Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of AL amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2004; 125 (6): 681-700. (Guidelines Working Group of UK Myeloma Forum; British Committee for Standards in Haematology, British Society for Haematology.)Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of AL amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2004; 125 (6): 681-700. (Guidelines Working Group of UK Myeloma Forum; British Committee for Standards in Haematology, British Society for Haematology.)Harrison C.J., Mazzullo H., Ross F.M. et al. Translocations of 14q32 and deletions 13q14 are common chromosomal abnormalities in systemic amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2002; 117: 427-435.Harrison C.J., Mazzullo H., Ross F.M. et al. Translocations of 14q32 and deletions 13q14 are common chromosomal abnormalities in systemic amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2002; 117: 427-435.Hawkins P.N. Serum amyloid P component scintigraphy for diagnosis and monitoring amyloidosis. Current Opinions in Nephrology and Hypertension 2002; 11: 649-655.Hawkins P.N. Serum amyloid P component scintigraphy for diagnosis and monitoring amyloidosis. Current Opinions in Nephrology and Hypertension 2002; 11: 649-655.Hawkins P.N. Studies with radiolabelled serum amyloid P component provide evidence for turnover and regression of amyloid deposits in vivo. Clinical Science 1994; 87: 289-295.Hawkins P.N. Studies with radiolabelled serum amyloid P component provide evidence for turnover and regression of amyloid deposits in vivo. Clinical Science 1994; 87: 289-295.Hawkins P.N., Lavender J.P., Pepys M.B. Evalution of systemic amyloidosis by scintigraphy with 123I-labeled serum amyloid P component. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 508-513.Hawkins P.N., Lavender J.P., Pepys M.B. Evalution of systemic amyloidosis by scintigraphy with 123I-labeled serum amyloid P component. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 508-513.Heilman R.L., Velosa J.A., Holley K.E. et al. Long-term follow up and response to chemotherapy in patients with light chain deposition disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20: 34.Heilman R.L., Velosa J.A., Holley K.E. et al. Long-term follow up and response to chemotherapy in patients with light chain deposition disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20: 34.Howard A.D., Moore J., Tomaszewski M.M. Occurrence of multiple myeloma three years after successful renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 10: 147-150.Howard A.D., Moore J., Tomaszewski M.M. Occurrence of multiple myeloma three years after successful renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 10: 147-150.Knudsen L.M., Hippe E., Hjorth M. et al. Renal function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma - a demographic study of 1353 patients. The Nordic Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol 1994; 53: 207-212.Knudsen L.M., Hippe E., Hjorth M. et al. Renal function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma - a demographic study of 1353 patients. The Nordic Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol 1994; 53: 207-212.Koss M.N., Pirani C.L., Osserman E.P. Experimental Bence Lones cast nephropathy. Lab Invest 1976; 34: 579-591.Koss M.N., Pirani C.L., Osserman E.P. Experimental Bence Lones cast nephropathy. Lab Invest 1976; 34: 579-591.Kyle R.A., Greipp P.R. Idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria. N Engl J Med 1998; 306: 564-567.Kyle R.A., Greipp P.R. Idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria. N Engl J Med 1998; 306: 564-567.Kyle R.A., Gertz M.A., Greipp P.R. et al. A trial of three regimens for primary amyloidosis: colchicine, melphalan and prednisone and melphalan, prednisone and colchicine. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1202-1207.Kyle R.A., Gertz M.A., Greipp P.R. et al. A trial of three regimens for primary amyloidosis: colchicine, melphalan and prednisone and melphalan, prednisone and colchicine. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1202-1207.Kyle R.A., Gertz M.A. Primary systemic amyloidosis: Clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol 1995; 32: 45.Kyle R.A., Gertz M.A. Primary systemic amyloidosis: Clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol 1995; 32: 45.Kyle R.A., Greipp P.R. Smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1980; 1302: 1347.Kyle R.A., Greipp P.R. Smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1980; 1302: 1347.Laachmann H.J., Gillmore J.D., Pepys M.B., Hawkins P.N. Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis following stem cell transplantation or infusional chemotherapy. Blood 2000; 100: 210.Laachmann H.J., Gillmore J.D., Pepys M.B., Hawkins P.N. Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis following stem cell transplantation or infusional chemotherapy. Blood 2000; 100: 210.Lachmann H.J., Booth D.R., Booth S.E. et al. Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1786-1791.Lachmann H.J., Booth D.R., Booth S.E. et al. Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1786-1791.Leung N., Lager D.J., Gertz M.A. et al. Long-term outcome of renal transplantation in light-chain deposition disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: 147-153.Leung N., Lager D.J., Gertz M.A. et al. Long-term outcome of renal transplantation in light-chain deposition disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: 147-153.Libbey C.A., Skinner M., Cohen A.S. Use of abdomin fat tissue aspirate in the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 1983; 143: 1549-1552.Libbey C.A., Skinner M., Cohen A.S. Use of abdomin fat tissue aspirate in the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 1983; 143: 1549-1552.Ling N.R. Immunoglobulin production by cultured human lymphocytes. Protein Sci 1999; 8: 509-517.Ling N.R. Immunoglobulin production by cultured human lymphocytes. Protein Sci 1999; 8: 509-517.Maack T., Johnson V., Kau S.T. et al. Renal filtration, transport and metabolism of low-molecular weight proteins: a review. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 251-270.Maack T., Johnson V., Kau S.T. et al. Renal filtration, transport and metabolism of low-molecular weight proteins: a review. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 251-270.Maldonado J.E., Velosa J.A., Kyle R.A. et al. Fanconi syndrome in adults. A manifestation of latent myeloma. Am J Med 1975; 58: 35-64.Maldonado J.E., Velosa J.A., Kyle R.A. et al. Fanconi syndrome in adults. A manifestation of latent myeloma. Am J Med 1975; 58: 35-64.Messiaen T., Deret S., Mougenot B. et al. Adult Fanconi syndrome secondary to light chain gammopathy. Clinicopathologic heterogeneity and unusual features in 11 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79: 135-154.Messiaen T., Deret S., Mougenot B. et al. Adult Fanconi syndrome secondary to light chain gammopathy. Clinicopathologic heterogeneity and unusual features in 11 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79: 135-154.Moreau P., Leblond V., Bourquelot P. et al. Prognostic factors for survival and response after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic AL amyloidosis: a report on 21 patients. Br J Haematol 1998; 101: 766-769.Moreau P., Leblond V., Bourquelot P. et al. Prognostic factors for survival and response after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic AL amyloidosis: a report on 21 patients. Br J Haematol 1998; 101: 766-769.Mumford A.D., O’Donnell J., Gillmore J.D. et al. Bleeding symptoms and coagulation abnormalities in 337 patients with AL-amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 454-460.Mumford A.D., O’Donnell J., Gillmore J.D. et al. Bleeding symptoms and coagulation abnormalities in 337 patients with AL-amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 454-460.Palladini G., Obici L., Merlini G. Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. The archetype of structural and pathogenic variability. J Struct Biol 2000; 130: 280-289.Palladini G., Obici L., Merlini G. Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. The archetype of structural and pathogenic variability. J Struct Biol 2000; 130: 280-289.Palladini G., Anesi E., Perfetti V. et al. A modified high-dose dexamethasone regimen for primery systemic (AL) amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 1044-1046.Palladini G., Anesi E., Perfetti V. et al. A modified high-dose dexamethasone regimen for primery systemic (AL) amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 1044-1046.Paueksakon P., Revelo M., Horn R. et al. Monoclonal gammapathy: significance and possible causality in renal disease. Am J Kydney Dis 2003; 42 (1): 87-95.Paueksakon P., Revelo M., Horn R. et al. Monoclonal gammapathy: significance and possible causality in renal disease. Am J Kydney Dis 2003; 42 (1): 87-95.Perz J.B., Schonland S.O., Hundemer M. et al. High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation after VAD induction chemotherapy for treatment of amyloid light chain amyloidosis: a single centre prospective phase II study. Br J Haematol 2004; 127: 543-551.Perz J.B., Schonland S.O., Hundemer M. et al. High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation after VAD induction chemotherapy for treatment of amyloid light chain amyloidosis: a single centre prospective phase II study. Br J Haematol 2004; 127: 543-551.Picken M.M., Silva F., Agati D. et al. Renal lesions in plasma cells dyscrasia: ultrastructural observation. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 10: 208-221.Picken M.M., Silva F., Agati D. et al. Renal lesions in plasma cells dyscrasia: ultrastructural observation. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 10: 208-221.Pirani C.L., Silva F.G., Appel G.B. Interstitial disease in multiple myeloma and other non renal neoplasias. In: Contran R.S., Brenner B.M., Stein J.H., editors. Tubulo-interstitial nephropathies. London: Churchill Livingstine 1983: 208-221.Pirani C.L., Silva F.G., Appel G.B. Interstitial disease in multiple myeloma and other non renal neoplasias. In: Contran R.S., Brenner B.M., Stein J.H., editors. Tubulo-interstitial nephropathies. London: Churchill Livingstine 1983: 208-221.Pozzi C., D. Amico M., Fogazzi G.B. et al. Light chain deposition disease with renal involvement: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42 (6): 1154-1163.Pozzi C., D. Amico M., Fogazzi G.B. et al. Light chain deposition disease with renal involvement: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42 (6): 1154-1163.Preudhomme J.L., Aucouturier P., Touchard G. et al. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (Randall type). Relationship with structural abnormalities of immunoglobulin chains. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 965-972.Preudhomme J.L., Aucouturier P., Touchard G. et al. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (Randall type). Relationship with structural abnormalities of immunoglobulin chains. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 965-972.Rajkumar S.V., Gertz M.A., Kyle R.A. Prognosis of patients with primary systemic amyloidosis who present with dominant neuropathy. Am J Med 1998; 104: 232-237.Rajkumar S.V., Gertz M.A., Kyle R.A. Prognosis of patients with primary systemic amyloidosis who present with dominant neuropathy. Am J Med 1998; 104: 232-237.Ronco P.M. Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias. In: Oxford Textbok of Clinical Nephrology. Second edition 1998; 2: 811-835.Ronco P.M. Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias. In: Oxford Textbok of Clinical Nephrology. Second edition 1998; 2: 811-835.Ronco P.M., Alyanakian M.A. et al. Light Chain Deposition Desease: A model of Glomerulosclerosis Defined at the Molecular level. J Am Sos Nephrol 2001; 12: 1558-1565.Ronco P.M., Alyanakian M.A. et al. Light Chain Deposition Desease: A model of Glomerulosclerosis Defined at the Molecular level. J Am Sos Nephrol 2001; 12: 1558-1565.Sanchorawala V., Wright D.G., Seldin D.C. et al. An overview of the use of high dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2001; 28: 637-642.Sanchorawala V., Wright D.G., Seldin D.C. et al. An overview of the use of high dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2001; 28: 637-642.Sanders P.W. Management of paraproteinemic renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (2): 97-103.Sanders P.W. Management of paraproteinemic renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (2): 97-103.Sezer O., Schmid P., Schweigert M. et al. Rapid reversal of nephritic syndrome due to primary systemic AL amyloidosis after VAD and subsequent high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1999; 23: 967-969.Sezer O., Schmid P., Schweigert M. et al. Rapid reversal of nephritic syndrome due to primary systemic AL amyloidosis after VAD and subsequent high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1999; 23: 967-969.Smithline N., Kassirer J.P., Cohen J.J. Light chain nephropathy. Renal tubular dysfunction associated with light chain proteinuria. N Engl J Med 1972; 94: 71-74.Smithline N., Kassirer J.P., Cohen J.J. Light chain nephropathy. Renal tubular dysfunction associated with light chain proteinuria. N Engl J Med 1972; 94: 71-74.Solling K. Free light chains of immunoglobulins. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981; 157 (Suppl): 1-83.Solling K. Free light chains of immunoglobulins. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981; 157 (Suppl): 1-83.Solomon A., Weiss D.T., Kattine A.A. Nephrotoxic potential of Bence Jones proteins. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1845-1851.Solomon A., Weiss D.T., Kattine A.A. Nephrotoxic potential of Bence Jones proteins. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1845-1851.Solomon A. Light chains immunoglobulin. Structural-genetic correlates. Blood 1986; 68: 603-607.Solomon A. Light chains immunoglobulin. Structural-genetic correlates. Blood 1986; 68: 603-607.Stevens F.J., Argon Y. Pathogenic light chains and the B-cell repertoire. Immunol Today 1999; 20: 451-457.Stevens F.J., Argon Y. Pathogenic light chains and the B-cell repertoire. Immunol Today 1999; 20: 451-457.Sumpio B.E., Maack T. Kinetics, competition, and selectivity of tubular absorption of proteins. Am J Physiol 1982; 243: 279-292.Sumpio B.E., Maack T. Kinetics, competition, and selectivity of tubular absorption of proteins. Am J Physiol 1982; 243: 279-292.Tubb R.R., Berkley V., Valenzuela R. et al. Pseudo-gamma heavy chain (Ig G4 lambda) deposition disease. Mod Pathol 1992; 5: 185-190.Tubb R.R., Berkley V., Valenzuela R. et al. Pseudo-gamma heavy chain (Ig G4 lambda) deposition disease. Mod Pathol 1992; 5: 185-190.Vidal R., Goni F., Stevens F. et al. Somatic mutations of the L 12a gene in V-kappa light chain disease; potential effects on aberrant protein conformation and deposition. Am J Pathol 1999; 155: 2009-2017.Vidal R., Goni F., Stevens F. et al. Somatic mutations of the L 12a gene in V-kappa light chain disease; potential effects on aberrant protein conformation and deposition. Am J Pathol 1999; 155: 2009-2017.Wardley A.M., Jayson G.C., Goldsmith D.E. et al. The treatment of nephrotic syndrome caused by primary (light chain) amyloid with vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone. British Journal of Cancer 1998; 78: 774-776.Wardley A.M., Jayson G.C., Goldsmith D.E. et al. The treatment of nephrotic syndrome caused by primary (light chain) amyloid with vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone. British Journal of Cancer 1998; 78: 774-776.Woodruff R., Sweet B. Multiple myeloma with massive Bence Jones proteinuria and preservation of renal function. Aust N Z J Med 1977; 7: 60-62.Woodruff R., Sweet B. Multiple myeloma with massive Bence Jones proteinuria and preservation of renal function. Aust N Z J Med 1977; 7: 60-62.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.