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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-1968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение туберкулеза у больных с почечным аллотрансплантатом: одноцентровое ретроспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: a single-center retrospective sTUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агафонова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agafonova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватазин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatazin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглов</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krouglov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будникова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boudnikova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirsky</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипина</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipina</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Отделение хронического гемодиализа и трансплантации почки МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>НИИ фтизиопульмонологии ММА им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопенко Е.И., Щербакова Е.О., Агафонова С.Г., Ватазин А.В., Круглов Е.Е., Будникова Н.Е., Борисов С.Е., Владимирский М.А., Шипина Л.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Е.И., Щербакова Е.О., Агафонова С.Г., Ватазин А.В., Круглов Е.Е., Будникова Н.Е., Борисов С.Е., Владимирский М.А., Шипина Л.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopenko E.I., Scherbakova E.O., Agafonova S.G., Vatazin A.V., Krouglov E.E., Boudnikova N.E., Borisov S.E., Vladimirsky M.A., Shipina L.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/1968">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/1968</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования было изучение частоты активного туберкулеза при различных протоколах иммуносупрессии у реципиентов ренального аллотрансплантата, клинических особенностей туберкулеза, характера специфической терапии и ее осложнений, исходов заболевания. В ретроспективное исследование были включены 907 больных, которым было выполнено 1084 трансплантаций почки с 1987 г. по 2003 г. включительно. Применялось 5 основных схем иммуносупрессивной терапии: у 28 больных - ЦсА 17 мг/кг + кортикостероиды, КС (схема I); у 366 - ЦсА 10-12 мг/кг + КС (II); у 210 - ЦсА 6 мг/кг + КС + азатиоприн, Аза (III); у 310 - ЦсА 2-4 мг/кг + КС + Аза + кетоконазол (IV); у 80 - ЦсА + КС + ММФ + кетоконазол (V). Туберкулез развился у 27 (2,98%) больных. Средний возраст заболевших на момент трансплантации составил 37,1 ± 2,1 лет. Интервал между трансплантацией и развитием туберкулеза составил в среднем 869 дней (от 14 до 3140 дней). Частота туберкулеза при использовании разных схем иммуносупрессии достоверно не различалась: 3,6% (I), 1,4% (II), 3,8% (III), 3,5% (IV), 2,5% (V), p = 0,201. Наиболее частой формой заболевания был туберкулез легких - 70,4%. Внелегочные формы встречались у 7,4% больных. Общая частота генерализованного туберкулеза составила 37,0%. В группе больных с генерализованным туберкулезом летальность от туберкулеза составила 90,0%, в группе пациентов с локальными формами - 12,5%. У 22,2% больных изменения в легких выявлялись только при рентгеновской компьютерной томографии. Выживаемость реципиентов с туберкулезом была наиболее высокой при использовании 4-5 противотуберкулезных прапаратов. На фоне лечения у 20% больных наблюдалось нарушение функции печени, у 95% - снижение концентрации ЦсА в крови, обусловленное приемом рифампицина. Мы считаем, что несмотря на серьезный прогноз, активная диагностика и настойчивое лечение могут улучшить течение туберкулеза у пациентов с почечным трансплантатом</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tuberculosis is a serious infectious complication after kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients with the use of different protocols of immunosuppression, clinical features of tuberculosis, character of antituberculosis therapy and complications of treatment, outcomes of tuberculosis. Our retrospective study included 907 patients (1084 transplantations), who were transplanted from January 1987 to December 2003. We used 5 protocols of immunosuppression: in 28 patients - CsA 17 mg/kg + corticosteroids, CS (protocol I), in 366 - CsA 10-12 mg/kg + CS (II), in 210 - CsA 6 mg/kg + CS + Aza (III), in 310 - CsA 2-4 mg/kg + CS + Aza + ketoconazole (IV), in 80 - CsA 4 mg/kg + CS + MMF + ketoconazole (V). Tuberculosis developed in 27 (2,98%) patients. The mean patient age at transplantation was 37,1 ± 2,1 years. Median interval from transplantarion to development of tuberculosis was 869 days (range 14-3140 days). There were no differences in prevalence of tuberculosis in patients received different protocols of immunosuppression: 3,6% (I), 1,4% (II), 3,8% (III), 3,5% (IV), 2,5% (V), p = 0,201. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common form of the desease - 70,4%. Extrapulmonary forms developed in 7,4%. The total incidence of disseminated tuberculosis was 37,0%. Mortality rate from tuberculosis was 90,0% in patients with disseminated desease and 12,5% - with local tuberculosis. In 22,2% of patients the lung involvement was revealed only with X-ray CT. Survival rate of recipients with tuberculosis was higher on the treatment of 4-5 antituberculosis drugs. We observed hepatic dysfunction in 20% of patients treated with antituberculosis therapy, decrease of CsA blood level - in 95% of patients received rifampin. To our mind, an aggressive diagnostic approach and adequate treatment can improve outcome of tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguado J.M., Herrero J.A., Gavalda J. et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients in Spain. Spanish Transplantation Infection Study Group. GESITRA. Transplantation 1997; 63(9): 1278-1286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguado J.M., Herrero J.A., Gavalda J. et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients in Spain. Spanish Transplantation Infection Study Group. GESITRA. 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