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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-205</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тубулярный транспорт кальция в почках, физиология и клиническое значение: terra «cognita»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Renal tubular calcium transport, physiology and clinical significance: terra «cognita»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pannn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Паршина Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Паршина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Parshina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/205">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/205</self-uri><abstract><p>Почки являются единственным органом, обеспечивающим элиминацию усвоенного кальция. В сутки около 10 г элементарного кальция проходит через гломерулярный фильтр, при этом суточная экскреция кальция с мочой составляет лишь 100-200 мг. 99% профильтровавшегося кальция подвергается реабсорбции в различных отделах нефрона. Нарушение процессов реабсорбции кальция приводит к таким неблагоприятным почечным проявлениям, как гиперкальциурия, нефролитиаз, нефрокальциноз, нарушение концентрационной функции почек, развитие хронической болезни почек. Патогенез гиперкальциурии связан с дисфункцией разнообразных молекулярных регуляторных механизмов, отвечающих за транспорт кальция в нефроне. Параклеточный транспорт кальция в проксимальных канальцах и в дистальном прямом канальце (ДПК) петли Генле опосредован клаудинами - группой мембранных белков плотных контактов эпителиальных клеток. Клаудины формируют катионселективные каналы, проницаемые для ионов кальция. Мутации генов, кодирующих синтез клаудинов, лежат в основе генетических заболеваний, характеризующихся гиперкальциурией. Основным регулятором параклеточного транспорта кальция в ДПК являются кальций-чувствительные рецепторы (CaSR) базолатеральной мембраны эпителиальных клеток. Ряд мутаций и полиморфизмов гена CASR связан с развитием нефролитиаза и нефрокальциноза. В дистальных отделах нефрона ключевая роль в реабсорбции кальция принадлежит специфическим селективным кальциевым TRPV5 (transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subgroup) каналам, через которые осуществляется активный вход кальция в клетку. Основным гормоном, регулирующим количество и активность TRPV5 каналов на поверхности эпителиальных клеток дистальных канальцев, является паратиреоидный гормон (ПТГ). Кроме того, в регуляции реабсорбции кальция в этих отделах нефрона принимают участие белок αКлото и фактор роста фибробластов 23 (FGF23). Несмотря на то, что в последние годы представления о физиологии тубулярного транспорта кальция и гормональной регуляции этого процесса существенно расширились и дополнились, терапевтические возможности влияния на механизмы развития кальциурии остаются ограниченными. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы для разработки таргетной терапии, основанной на патофизиологических механизмах развития нефролитиаза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The kidneys are the only place of the absorpted calcium elimination. About 10 g of elemental calcium passes through a glomerular filter per day, while the daily urinary calcium excretion is only 100-200 mg. 99% of the filtered calcium undergoes reabsorption in various parts of the nephron. Dysregulation of the renal calcium handling leads to adverse renal manifestations such as hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, kidney tubular injury, chronic kidney disease. Hypercalciuria is associated with the dysfunction of various molecular regulatory mechanisms responsible for calcium transport in the nephron. The paracellular calcium transport in the proximal tubules and in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the Henle’s loop is mediated by claudins, a group of membrane proteins of epithelial cell tight junctions. Claudins form cation-selective channels with high permeability to calcium. Deletions of, or mutations in genes encoding renal claudins can cause genetic diseases characterized by hypercalciuria. The main regulator of the paracellular transport of calcium in the TAL is calcium-sensitive receptors (CaSR) of the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells. Various mutations and polymorphisms of CASR gene are associated with hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. In the distal tubules luminal calcium transfer into the cell occurs via specific selective calcium TRPV5 (transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subgroup) channels, which play a key role in calcium reabsorption. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the principle hormone that has been described to regulate the abudance and activity of TRPV5 channels of the distal tubules’ epithelial cells. Moreover, αKloto protein and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are involved in the regulation of renal tubule calcium transport in this site of the nephron. Although over the past years major advances have been made in the understanding of the renal calcium transport physiology and its hormonal regulation, at present therapeutic options aiming to reduce hypercalciuria remain restricted. Further effort is necessary for the development of targeted therapy based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of nephrolithiasis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кальций</kwd><kwd>гиперкальциурия</kwd><kwd>нефролитиаз</kwd><kwd>паратиреоидный гормон</kwd><kwd>клаудины</kwd><kwd>селективные кальциевые TRPV5 каналы</kwd><kwd>кальций-чувствительные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>calcium</kwd><kwd>hypercalciuria</kwd><kwd>nephrolithiasis</kwd><kwd>parathyroid hormone</kwd><kwd>claudins</kwd><kwd>transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 channels</kwd><kwd>calcium sensing receptors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scales C., Smith A., Hanley J. et al. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. 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