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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1suppl-74-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ - ВИЧ И ХБП</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPLEMENT - HIV AND CKD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антиретровирусная терапия и почки: Баланс пользы и риска у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antiretroviral therapy and the kidney: Balancing benefit and risk in patients with HIV-infection. Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ющук</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushchuk</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджикулиева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhikulieva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">madina67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ющук Н.Д., Волгина Г.В., Гаджикулиева М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ющук Н.Д., Волгина Г.В., Гаджикулиева М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yushchuk N.D., Volgina G.V., Gadzhikulieva M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/21">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/21</self-uri><abstract><p>Достижения в фармакологическом лечении ВИЧ-инфекции продолжаются быстрыми темпами. В настоящее время доступны более чем 30 антиретровирусных препаратов (АРВП) и их сочетаний, применение которых может подавить вирусную нагрузку ВИЧ до незаметного уровня и увеличить продолжительность жизни ВИЧ-инфицированных людей. Там, где пациенты имеют доступ к лечению, заболеваемость и смертность все чаще обусловливаются сопутствующими заболеваниями, не связанными с ВИЧ, которые могут наблюдаться раньше, чем при соответствующем возрасту контроле. Хотя большинство АРВП относительно не нефротоксичны, может иметь место повреждение почек, связанное с лекарствами, и его необходимо отличать от прогрессирования заболеваний почек, связанных с ВИЧ, другими инфекциями (например, гепатитом С) или заболеваниями почек, не связанными с ВИЧ-инфекцией и ее лечением. Наиболее распространенные нефротоксические эффекты АРВП включают острое повреждение почек, тубулоинтерстициальный нефрит, кристалл-индуцированную обструкцию и почечнокаменную болезнь, вторичную по отношению к применению ингибиторов протеаз (главным образом индинавира и атазанавира), повреждение проксимальных канальцев, связанное с нуклеозидным ингибитором обратной транскриптазы ВИЧ - тенофовиром. Наконец, неспецифические метаболические осложнения могут увеличить риск развития сосудистой хронической болезни почек (ХБП) у пациентов, получающих антиретровирусную терапию (АРТ). Нарушение функции почек обычно развивается в условиях многократного лечения и не всегда может быть отнесено к конкретному препарату, поэтому у пациентов с ВИЧ, получающих любые АРВП, следует регулярно контролировать функцию почек. Учитывая преимущества АРT, страх перед нефротоксическими эффектами никогда не является веской причиной для отказа от ее применения. Идентификация пациентов с уже существующей ХБП, которые подвергаются повышенному риску повреждения почек, позволяет проводить соответствующую модификацию дозы, тщательный мониторинг и избегать или осторожно использовать потенциально нефротоксичные препараты. Учитывая распространенность ХБП, широкий спектр возможных взаимодействий между ВИЧ, АРВП, ХБП и ее лечением, нефрологам необходимо знать о возможном влиянии комбинированной АРТ на почки. В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся механизмов, факторов риска и клинических проявлений повреждения почек медикаментозными средствами для оценки клинической ситуации при проведении терапии антиретровирусными препаратами и обсуждаются меры профилактики их нефротоксического действия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Advances in the pharmacologic management of HIV-infection continue at a rapid pace. Currently, more than 30 antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) and their combinations are available. The use of these drugs can suppress HIV viral load to an inconspicuous level and increase the life expectancy of HIV-infected people. Wherever patients have access to treatment, morbidity and mortality are increasingly driven by non-HIV-associated comorbidities, which may be observed earlier than in age-matched controls. Although most ARVDs are relatively free of renal toxicity, drug-related kidney damage can occur and may need to be distinguished from the progression of HIV-related kidney diseases, other infections (e.g., hepatitis C), or kidney diseases unrelated to HIV-infection and its treatment. The most common nephrotoxic effects associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) include acute kidney injury, crystal-induced obstruction and kidney stone disease secondary to use of protease inhibitors (mainly indinavir and atazanavir), and proximal tubule damage related to the nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir. Finally, nonspecific metabolic complications might increase the risk of vascular chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients on ART. Renal impairment usually develops under conditions of repeated treatment and may not always be attributed to a specific drug therefore, in patients with HIV receiving any ARVDs, renal function should be regularly monitored. Given the benefits of ART, fear of nephrotoxic effects is never a valid reason for not using it. Identification of patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, who are at increased risk of renal damage, enables appropriate dose modification, close monitoring, and avoidance or cautious use of potentially nephrotoxic medications. Given the prevalence of CKD, a wide range of possible interactions between HIV, ARVDs, CKD, and its treatments, nephrologists need to be aware of the possible effects of ART on the kidneys. The review addresses issues related to the mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of renal damage with medications to assess the clinical situation during antiretroviral therapy and discusses measures to prevent their nephrotoxicity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусные препараты</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>нефротоксичность</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>renal damage</kwd><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral drugs</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>nephrotoxicity</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>preventive measures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Global Health Sector Strategy for the Elimination of HIV, 2016-2021. 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