<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-210</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Артериальная гипертензия при ХБП: от начальных до продвинутых стадий. Диагностические и терапевтические стратегии. Часть 1. Артериальная гипертензия у пациентов с ХБП 1-4 стадий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hypertension and chronic kidney disease: from initial to advanced stages. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Part 1. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease 1-4 stages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелтынь-Абрамов</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeltyn-Abramov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ezeltyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; ФДПО ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>221</fpage><lpage>236</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зелтынь-Абрамов Е.М., Фролова Н.Ф., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зелтынь-Абрамов Е.М., Фролова Н.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zeltyn-Abramov E.M., Frolova N.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/210">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/210</self-uri><abstract><p>Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) и хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) широко распространены в мире. АГ встречается примерно у 30% взрослого населения, а ХБП - у 10-15%, однако в популяции пациентов с ХБП эта цифра достигает 80-90%. АГ и ХБП признаны независимыми факторами прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), которые являются основной причиной летальных исходов у пациентов с ХБП. Эффективный контроль артериального давления (АД) замедляет темпы развития почечного повреждения и снижает риск развития ССЗ. Достижение целевых показателей АД - основная лечебная стратегия, позволяющая обеспечить нефро- и кардиопротекцию. В статье обсуждаются современные представления о механизмах формирования АГ при ХБП 1-4 стадий и терапевтические подходы к ее адекватному контролю. Среди основных звеньев патогенеза АГ выделяются гиперсимпатикотония, гиперактивация ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, задержка натрия и жидкости, а также процессы, обусловленные формированием уремической среды (эндотелиальная дисфункция, оксидативный стресс, хроническое воспаление, артериальная жесткость). Представлены современные методологические подходы к установлению клинического диагноза АГ, включающие в себя фенотипирование АД, хронобиологические особенности и выбор оптимального способа измерения АД. На основании действующих согласительных документов и рекомендаций изложены лечебные стратегии, направленные на эффективный контроль АД. Обсуждается широкий круг проблем, касающихся модификации образа жизни пациентов, диетических рекомендаций и применения гипотензивных препаратов с точки зрения оптимальной нефро- и кардиопротекции и минимизации кардиовакулярных рисков. Представлены новые перспективные направления медикаментозного лечения АГ у пациентов с ХБП 1-4 стадий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent conditions worldwide. Hypertension occurs in the adult population in approximately 30% and CKD - in 10-15%. Hypertension occurs in 80-90% of patients with CKD. The lack of effective control of blood pressure (BP) leads to further progression of CKD. Hypertension and CKD were shown to be independent factors of development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the main cause of lethal outcomes in patients suffering from CKD. Effective BP control slows down the rate of renal injury and reduces the risk of CVD development. The achievement of target BP values is the main therapeutic strategy for both reno- and cardioprotection. Current understanding of mechanisms of Hypertension formation in CKD and therapeutic approaches to its adequate control are the points for further discussion. Sympathetic overactivity, hyperactivation of the renin-angiotenzin-aldosterone system, salt and fluid retention and the influence of uremic milieu (endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and arterial stiffness) are highlighted as main components of Hypertension pathogenesis. Methodological approaches to clinical diagnosis of Hypertension include BP phenotype, chronobiological patterns and the choice of optimal method of BP measurement. The treatment strategies for effective BP control are presented according to current recommendations and conciliation documents. A wide range of issues related to lifestyle modification, diet restrictions and antihypertensive therapy are discussed in terms of optimal reno- and cardioprotection and cardiovascular risks reduction. Novel forward-looking directions of pharmacotherapy of Hypertension are presented in conclusion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярные риски</kwd><kwd>гиперсимпатикотония</kwd><kwd>артериальная жесткость</kwd><kwd>хронотерапия</kwd><kwd>мониторинг артериального давления</kwd><kwd>диетические ограничения</kwd><kwd>нефропротекция</kwd><kwd>кардиопротекция</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>sympathetic hyperactivity</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>chronotherapy</kwd><kwd>blood pressure monitoring</kwd><kwd>dietary sodium restriction</kwd><kwd>renoprotection</kwd><kwd>cardioprotection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International Supplements Volume 3 Issue 1 January 2013; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International Supplements Volume 3 Issue 1 January 2013; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A. et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007; 298: 2038-2047. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A. et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007; 298: 2038-2047. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills K.T., Xu Y., Zhang W. et al. A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney Int. 2015; 88: 950-957. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills K.T., Xu Y., Zhang W. et al. A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010. Kidney Int. 2015; 88: 950-957. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.230.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muntner P., Anderson A., Charleston J. et al. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in adults with CKD: results from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 55: 441-451. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muntner P., Anderson A., Charleston J. et al. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in adults with CKD: results from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 55: 441-451. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kearney P.M., Whelton M., Reynolds K. et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365: 217-223. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kearney P.M., Whelton M., Reynolds K. et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365: 217-223. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bidani A.K., Griffin K.A. Pathophysiology of hypertensive renal damage: implications for therapy. Hypertension. 2004; 44: 595-601. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000145180.38707.84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bidani A.K., Griffin K.A. Pathophysiology of hypertensive renal damage: implications for therapy. Hypertension. 2004; 44: 595-601. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000145180.38707.84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gansevoort R.T., Correa-Rotter R., Hemmelgarn B.R. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382: 339-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gansevoort R.T., Correa-Rotter R., Hemmelgarn B.R. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382: 339-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pugh D., Gallacher P.J., Dhaun N. Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Drugs. 2019; 79:3 65-379 doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-1064-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pugh D., Gallacher P.J., Dhaun N. Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Drugs. 2019; 79:3 65-379 doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-1064-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gargiulo R., Suhail F., Lerma E. Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Dis Mon 2015; 61(9): 403-413. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth. 2015.07.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gargiulo R., Suhail F., Lerma E. Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Dis Mon 2015; 61(9): 403-413. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth. 2015.07.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saran R., Robinson B., Abbott K. C., et al. US Renal Data System 2018 Annual Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2019;73(3):A7-A8. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.001. Suppl 1, pp. Svii-Sxxii, S1-S772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saran R., Robinson B., Abbott K. C., et al. US Renal Data System 2018 Annual Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2019;73(3):A7-A8. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.001. Suppl 1, pp. Svii-Sxxii, S1-S772.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foley R.N., Murray A.M., Li S. et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16: 489-495. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004030203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foley R.N., Murray A.M., Li S. et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16: 489-495. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004030203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keith D.S., Nichols G.A., Gullion C.M. et al. Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 659-663. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.6.659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keith D.S., Nichols G.A., Gullion C.M. et al. Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 659-663. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.6.659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung A.K., Rahman M., Reboussin D.M. et al. Effects of intensive BP control in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 28: 2812-2823. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017020148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung A.K., Rahman M., Reboussin D.M. et al. Effects of intensive BP control in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 28: 2812-2823. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017020148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur J., Young B.E., Fadel P.J. Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(8): 1682. Published 2017 Aug 2. doi:10.3390/ijms18081682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur J., Young B.E., Fadel P.J. Sympathetic Overactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Consequences and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(8): 1682. Published 2017 Aug 2. doi:10.3390/ijms18081682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker B. K., Zhang D., Soliman R., Pollock D. M. Autonomic nerves and circadian control of renal function. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 2019; 217: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.01.00.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker B. K., Zhang D., Soliman R., Pollock D. M. Autonomic nerves and circadian control of renal function. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. 2019; 217: 58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.01.00.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Converse R.L., Jr., Jacobsen T.N., Toto R.D. et al. Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992; 327: 1912-1918.doi: 10.1056/NEJM199212313272704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Converse R.L., Jr., Jacobsen T.N., Toto R.D. et al. Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992; 327: 1912-1918.doi: 10.1056/NEJM199212313272704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grassi G., Quarti-Trevano F., Seravalle G. et al. Early sympathetic activation in the initial clinical stages of chronic renal failure. Hypertension. 2011; 57: 846-851. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164780.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grassi G., Quarti-Trevano F., Seravalle G. et al. Early sympathetic activation in the initial clinical stages of chronic renal failure. Hypertension. 2011; 57: 846-851. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Neumann J. et al. Sympathetic nerve activity is inappropriately increased in chronic renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 3239-3244. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000098687.01005.A5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Neumann J. et al. Sympathetic nerve activity is inappropriately increased in chronic renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 3239-3244. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000098687.01005.A5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Oey P.L. et al. Sympathetic activity is increased in polycystic kidney disease and is associated with hypertension. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001; 12: 2427-2433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Oey P.L. et al. Sympathetic activity is increased in polycystic kidney disease and is associated with hypertension. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001; 12: 2427-2433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johns E.J. The neural regulation of the kidney in hypertension and renal failure. Exp Physiol. 2014; 99: 289-294. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.072686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johns E.J. The neural regulation of the kidney in hypertension and renal failure. Exp Physiol. 2014; 99: 289-294. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.072686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wehrwein E.A., Orer H.S., Barman S.M., Overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Compr. Physiol. 2016; 6: 1239-1278. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c150037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wehrwein E.A., Orer H.S., Barman S.M., Overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Compr. Physiol. 2016; 6: 1239-1278. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c150037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grassi G., Mark A., Esler M., The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension. Circ. Res. 2015;116: 976-990. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grassi G., Mark A., Esler M., The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension. Circ. Res. 2015;116: 976-990. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grassi G., Seravalle G., Ghiadoni L. et al. Sympathetic nerve traffic and asymmetric dimethylarginine in chronic kidney disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2011; 6: 2620-2627. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06970711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grassi G., Seravalle G., Ghiadoni L. et al. Sympathetic nerve traffic and asymmetric dimethylarginine in chronic kidney disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2011; 6: 2620-2627. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06970711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hausberg M., Kosch M., Harmelink P. et al. Sympathetic nerve activity in end-stage renal disease. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1974-1979. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000034043.16664.96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hausberg M., Kosch M., Harmelink P. et al. Sympathetic nerve activity in end-stage renal disease. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1974-1979. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000034043.16664.96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park J., Campese V.M., Nobakht N., Middlekauff H.R. Differential distribution of muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in patients with end-stage renal disease. J. Appl. Physiol. 2008; 105:1873-1876. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90849.2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park J., Campese V.M., Nobakht N., Middlekauff H.R. Differential distribution of muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in patients with end-stage renal disease. J. Appl. Physiol. 2008; 105:1873-1876. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90849.2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Bona G.F. Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2002; 11:197-200. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200203000-00011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Bona G.F. Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2002; 11:197-200. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200203000-00011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid I.A. Interactions between ANG II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 1992; 262: E763-E778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid I.A. Interactions between ANG II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure. Am. J. Physiol. 1992; 262: E763-E778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddiqi L., Joles J.A., Grassi G., Blankestijn P.J. Is kidney ischemia the central mechanism in parallel activation of the renin and sympathetic system? J. Hypertens. 2009; 27: 1341-1349. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832b521b.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddiqi L., Joles J.A., Grassi G., Blankestijn P.J. Is kidney ischemia the central mechanism in parallel activation of the renin and sympathetic system? J. Hypertens. 2009; 27: 1341-1349. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832b521b.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu L., Zhu D.N., Yu Z. et al. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 2002; 92: 2153-2161. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00261.2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu L., Zhu D.N., Yu Z. et al. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 2002; 92: 2153-2161. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00261.2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muratani H., Averill D.B., Ferrario C.M. Effect of angiotensin II in ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1991; 260: 977-984. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu. 1991. 260.5.R977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muratani H., Averill D.B., Ferrario C.M. Effect of angiotensin II in ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1991; 260: 977-984. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu. 1991. 260.5.R977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirooka Y., Potts P.D., Dampney R.A. Role of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in mediating the sympathoexcitatory effects of exogenous and endogenous angiotensin peptides in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit. Brain Res. 1997; 772: 107-114. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00861-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirooka Y., Potts P.D., Dampney R.A. Role of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in mediating the sympathoexcitatory effects of exogenous and endogenous angiotensin peptides in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit. Brain Res. 1997; 772: 107-114. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00861-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen A.M. Blockade of angiotensin AT1-receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2001; 2: 120-124. doi: 10.1177/14703203010020012101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen A.M. Blockade of angiotensin AT1-receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2001; 2: 120-124. doi: 10.1177/14703203010020012101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen A.M., Moeller I., Jenkins T.A. et al. Angiotensin receptors in the nervous system. Brain Res. Bull. 1998; 47: 17-28. doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00039-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen A.M., Moeller I., Jenkins T.A. et al. Angiotensin receptors in the nervous system. Brain Res. Bull. 1998; 47: 17-28. doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00039-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davisson R.L. Physiological genomic analysis of the brain renin-angiotensin system. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2003; 285: 498-511. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davisson R.L. Physiological genomic analysis of the brain renin-angiotensin system. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2003; 285: 498-511. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00190.2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Oey P.L. et al. Enalapril and losartan reduce sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 425-430. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000045049.72965.B7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein I.H., Ligtenberg G., Oey P.L. et al. Enalapril and losartan reduce sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003; 14: 425-430. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000045049.72965.B7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ligtenberg G., Blankestijn P.J., Oey P.L. et al. Reduction of sympathetic hyperactivity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 1321-1328. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199904293401704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ligtenberg G., Blankestijn P.J., Oey P.L. et al. Reduction of sympathetic hyperactivity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 1321-1328. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199904293401704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cozzolino M., Mangano M., Stucchi A. et al. Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33(suppl_3):iii28-iii34. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cozzolino M., Mangano M., Stucchi A. et al. Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33(suppl_3):iii28-iii34. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolley M.J., Hutchison C.A. Large uremic toxins: an unsolved problem in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33(suppl 3):iii6-iii11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolley M.J., Hutchison C.A. Large uremic toxins: an unsolved problem in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018; 33(suppl 3):iii6-iii11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakuma I., Togashi H., Yoshioka M. et al. NG-methyl-l-arginine, an inhibitor of l-arginine-derived nitric oxide synthesis, stimulates renal sympathetic nerve activity in vivo. A role for nitric oxide in the central regulation of sympathetic tone? Circ. Res. 1992; 70:607-611. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.70.3.607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakuma I., Togashi H., Yoshioka M. et al. NG-methyl-l-arginine, an inhibitor of l-arginine-derived nitric oxide synthesis, stimulates renal sympathetic nerve activity in vivo. A role for nitric oxide in the central regulation of sympathetic tone? Circ. Res. 1992; 70:607-611. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.70.3.607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sander M., Hansen J., Victor R.G. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance but not initiation of the hypertension induced by N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Hypertension. 1997; 30: 64-70. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.30.1.64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sander M., Hansen J., Victor R.G. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance but not initiation of the hypertension induced by N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Hypertension. 1997; 30: 64-70. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.30.1.64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sander M., Chavoshan B., Victor R.G. A large blood pressure-raising effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans. Hypertension. 1999; 33:937-942. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.33.4.937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sander M., Chavoshan B., Victor R.G. A large blood pressure-raising effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans. Hypertension. 1999; 33:937-942. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.33.4.937.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen J., Jacobsen T.N., Victor R.G. Is nitric oxide involved in the tonic inhibition of central sympathetic outflow in humans? Hypertension. 1994; 24:439-444. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.24.4.439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen J., Jacobsen T.N., Victor R.G. Is nitric oxide involved in the tonic inhibition of central sympathetic outflow in humans? Hypertension. 1994; 24:439-444. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.24.4.439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young C.N., Fisher J.P., Gallagher K.M. et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase evokes central sympatho-excitation in healthy humans. J. Physiol. 2009; 587:4977-4986. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.177204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young C.N., Fisher J.P., Gallagher K.M. et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase evokes central sympatho-excitation in healthy humans. J. Physiol. 2009; 587:4977-4986. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.177204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao S., Wagner L., Schmidt R.J. et al. Circulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitory factor in some patients with chronic renal disease. Kidney Int. 2001; 59:1466-1472. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041466.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao S., Wagner L., Schmidt R.J. et al. Circulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitory factor in some patients with chronic renal disease. Kidney Int. 2001; 59:1466-1472. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041466.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kielstein J.T., Boger R.H., Bode-Boger S.M. et al. Marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with incipient primary chronic renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13:170-176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kielstein J.T., Boger R.H., Bode-Boger S.M. et al. Marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with incipient primary chronic renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13:170-176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravani P., Tripepi G., Malberti F et al. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine predicts progression to dialysis and death in patients with chronic kidney disease: A competing risks modeling approach. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005; 16:2449-2455. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005010076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravani P., Tripepi G., Malberti F et al. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine predicts progression to dialysis and death in patients with chronic kidney disease: A competing risks modeling approach. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005; 16:2449-2455. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005010076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueda S., Yamagishi S., Kaida Y. Et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine may be a missing link between cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology. 2007; 12:582-590. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00840.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueda S., Yamagishi S., Kaida Y. Et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine may be a missing link between cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology. 2007; 12:582-590. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00840.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoccali C. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A cardiovascular and renal risk factor on the move. J. Hypertens. 2006; 24: 611-619. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000217839.26971.8d.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoccali C. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A cardiovascular and renal risk factor on the move. J. Hypertens. 2006; 24: 611-619. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000217839.26971.8d.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zoccali C., Bode-Boger S., Mallamaci F. et al. Plasma concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: A prospective study. Lancet. 2001; 358: 2113-2117. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07217-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zoccali C., Bode-Boger S., Mallamaci F. et al. Plasma concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: A prospective study. Lancet. 2001; 358: 2113-2117. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07217-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fliser D., Kronenberg F., Kielstein J.T. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and progression of chronic kidney disease: The mild to moderate kidney disease study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005; 16: 2456-2461. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005020179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fliser D., Kronenberg F., Kielstein J.T. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and progression of chronic kidney disease: The mild to moderate kidney disease study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005; 16: 2456-2461. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005020179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boger R.H., Bode-Boger S.M., Szuba A. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: Its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 1998; 98: 1842-1847. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1842.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boger R.H., Bode-Boger S.M., Szuba A. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): A novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: Its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 1998; 98: 1842-1847. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1842.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niwa T. Uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate. Nagoya J Med Sci 2010; 72: 1-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niwa T. Uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate. Nagoya J Med Sci 2010; 72: 1-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugen E., Nath K.A. The involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of renal injury. Blood Purif 1999; 17: 58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugen E., Nath K.A. The involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of renal injury. Blood Purif 1999; 17: 58-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito A., Tsao P.S., Adimoolam S. et al. Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: Dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation. 1999; 99:3092-3095. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.24.3092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito A., Tsao P.S., Adimoolam S. et al. Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: Dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation. 1999; 99:3092-3095. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.24.3092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlachopoulos C., Aznaouridis K., Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55: 1318-1327. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlachopoulos C., Aznaouridis K., Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55: 1318-1327. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shroff R., Long D.A., Shanahan C. Mechanistic insights into vascular calcification in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 24: 179-89. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shroff R., Long D.A., Shanahan C. Mechanistic insights into vascular calcification in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; 24: 179-89. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanoli L., Lentini P., Briet M. et al. Arterial Stiffness in the Heart Disease of CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Jun; 30(6):918-928. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019020117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanoli L., Lentini P., Briet M. et al. Arterial Stiffness in the Heart Disease of CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Jun; 30(6):918-928. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019020117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safar M.E., Asmar R., Benetos A. et al. Interaction Between Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness. Hypertension. 2018 Oct; 72(4): 796-805. doi10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 118. 11212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safar M.E., Asmar R., Benetos A. et al. Interaction Between Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness. Hypertension. 2018 Oct; 72(4): 796-805. doi10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 118. 11212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker B.K., Zhang D.R. Soliman et al. Autonomic nerves and circadian control of renal function Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 217 (2019) 58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker B.K., Zhang D.R. Soliman et al. Autonomic nerves and circadian control of renal function Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 217 (2019) 58-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diedrich A., Jordan J., Tank J. et al. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension: assessment by blood pressure variability and ganglionic blockade. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 1677-1686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diedrich A., Jordan J., Tank J. et al. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension: assessment by blood pressure variability and ganglionic blockade. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 1677-1686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grassi G., Bombelli M., Seravalle G. et al. Diurnal blood pressure variation and sympathetic activity. Hypertens. Res. 2010; 33: 381-385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grassi G., Bombelli M., Seravalle G. et al. Diurnal blood pressure variation and sympathetic activity. Hypertens. Res. 2010; 33: 381-385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamble K.L., Berry R., Frank S.J. et al. Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2014; 10: 466-475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamble K.L., Berry R., Frank S.J. et al. Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2014; 10: 466-475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalsbeek A., Perreau-Lenz S., Buijs R.M., Anetwork of (autonomic) clock outputs. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 521-535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalsbeek A., Perreau-Lenz S., Buijs R.M., Anetwork of (autonomic) clock outputs. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 521-535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whelton P.K., Carey R.M., Aronow W.S. et al. 2017 ACC/ AHA/ AAPA/ ABC/ ACPM/ AGS/ APhA/ ASH/ ASPC /NMA/ PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whelton P.K., Carey R.M., Aronow W.S. et al. 2017 ACC/ AHA/ AAPA/ ABC/ ACPM/ AGS/ APhA/ ASH/ ASPC /NMA/ PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fabbian F., Smolensky M.H., Tiseo R. et al. Dipper and non-dipper blood pressure 24-hour patterns: circadian rhythm-dependent physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Chronobiol Int. 2013; 30:17-30. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2012.715872.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabbian F., Smolensky M.H., Tiseo R. et al. Dipper and non-dipper blood pressure 24-hour patterns: circadian rhythm-dependent physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Chronobiol Int. 2013; 30:17-30. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2012.715872.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mojon A., Ayala D.E., Pineiro L. et al. Comparison of ambulatory blood pressure parameters of hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int. 2013; 30:145-158. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2012.703083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mojon A., Ayala D.E., Pineiro L. et al. Comparison of ambulatory blood pressure parameters of hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int. 2013; 30:145-158. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2012.703083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal R., Andersen M.J. Prognostic importance of ambulatory blood pressure recordings in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006; 69: 1175-1180. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal R., Andersen M.J. Prognostic importance of ambulatory blood pressure recordings in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006; 69: 1175-1180. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sebo P., Pechere-Bertschi A., Herrmann F.R. et al. Blood pressure measurements are unreliable to diagnose hypertension in primary care. J Hypertens. 2014; 32: 509-517. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sebo P., Pechere-Bertschi A., Herrmann F.R. et al. Blood pressure measurements are unreliable to diagnose hypertension in primary care. J Hypertens. 2014; 32: 509-517. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis T.K., Davis A.J. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be used in the primary care setting to diagnose hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2013; 26: 1057-1058. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis T.K., Davis A.J. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be used in the primary care setting to diagnose hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2013; 26: 1057-1058. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minutolo R., Gabbai F.B., Agarwal R. et al. Assessment of achieved clinic and ambulatory blood pressure recordings and outcomes during treatment in hypertensive patients with CKD: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 64: 744-752. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minutolo R., Gabbai F.B., Agarwal R. et al. Assessment of achieved clinic and ambulatory blood pressure recordings and outcomes during treatment in hypertensive patients with CKD: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 64: 744-752. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen D.L., Huan Y., Townsend R.R. Home blood pressure monitoring in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 63: 835-842. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.12.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen D.L., Huan Y., Townsend R.R. Home blood pressure monitoring in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014; 63: 835-842. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.12.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams B., Mancia G., Spiering W. et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36: 1953-2041. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams B., Mancia G., Spiering W. et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36: 1953-2041. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taler S.J., Agarwal R., Bakris G.L. et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for management of blood pressure in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62: 201-213. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taler S.J., Agarwal R., Bakris G.L. et al. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for management of blood pressure in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62: 201-213. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The UK Renal Association. Hypertension. 2018. https://renal.org/information-resources/the-uk-eckd-guide/hypertension/. Accessed 1 Nov 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The UK Renal Association. Hypertension. 2018. https://renal.org/information-resources/the-uk-eckd-guide/hypertension/. Accessed 1 Nov 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутырина И.М., Швецов М.Ю., Фомин В.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению почечной артериальной гипертензии. 2014. М. 50 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кутырина И.М., Швецов М.Ю., Фомин В.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению почечной артериальной гипертензии. 2014. М. 50 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gansevoort R.T., Correa-Rotter R., Hemmelgarn B.R. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382: 339-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gansevoort R.T., Correa-Rotter R., Hemmelgarn B.R. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382: 339-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guy M., Borzomato J.K., Newall R.G. et al. Protein and albumin-to-creatinine ratios in random urines accurately predict 24 h protein and albumin loss in patients with kidney disease. Ann Clin Biochem. 2009; 46: 468-476. doi: 10.1258/acb.2009.009001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guy M., Borzomato J.K., Newall R.G. et al. Protein and albumin-to-creatinine ratios in random urines accurately predict 24 h protein and albumin loss in patients with kidney disease. Ann Clin Biochem. 2009; 46: 468-476. doi: 10.1258/acb.2009.009001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Y.F., Zhu L., Liu L.J. et al. Measures of urinary protein and albumin in the prediction of progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 11: 947-955. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10150915.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Y.F., Zhu L., Liu L.J. et al. Measures of urinary protein and albumin in the prediction of progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016; 11: 947-955. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10150915.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levey A.S., Eckardt K.U., Tsukamoto Y. et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Kidney Int. 2005; 67: 2089-2100. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levey A.S., Eckardt K.U., Tsukamoto Y. et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Kidney Int. 2005; 67: 2089-2100. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambers Heerspink H.J., Gansevoort R.T., Brenner B.M. et al. Comparison of different measures of urinary protein excretion for prediction of renal events. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21: 1355-1360. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010010063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambers Heerspink H.J., Gansevoort R.T., Brenner B.M. et al. Comparison of different measures of urinary protein excretion for prediction of renal events. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21: 1355-1360. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010010063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Methven S., MacGregor M.S., Traynor J.P. et al. Comparison of urinary albumin and urinary total protein as predictors of patient outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 57: 21-28. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.08.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Methven S., MacGregor M.S., Traynor J.P. et al. Comparison of urinary albumin and urinary total protein as predictors of patient outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011; 57: 21-28. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.08.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klahr S., Levey A.S., Beck G.J. et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:877-884. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403313301301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klahr S., Levey A.S., Beck G.J. et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:877-884. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403313301301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright J.T., Bakris G., Greene T., et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2421-2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright J.T., Bakris G., Greene T., et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2421-2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruggenenti P., Perna A., Loriga G. et al. Blood-pressure control for renoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease (REIN-2): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005; 365: 939-946. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71082-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruggenenti P., Perna A., Loriga G. et al. Blood-pressure control for renoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease (REIN-2): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005; 365: 939-946. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71082-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Appel L.J., Wright J.T., Greene T. et al. Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 918-929. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0910975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appel L.J., Wright J.T., Greene T. et al. Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 918-929. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0910975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slagman M.C., Waanders F., Hemmelder M.H. et al. Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011; 343: d4366. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4366.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slagman M.C., Waanders F., Hemmelder M.H. et al. Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011; 343: d4366. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4366.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogt L., Waanders F., Boomsma F. et al. Effects of dietary sodium and hydrochlorothiazide on the antiproteinuric efficacy of losartan. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 19:999-1007. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007060693.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogt L., Waanders F., Boomsma F. et al. Effects of dietary sodium and hydrochlorothiazide on the antiproteinuric efficacy of losartan. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 19:999-1007. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007060693.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koomans H.A., Roos J.C., Boer P. et al. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in chronic renal failure. Evidence for renal control of body fluid distribution in man. Hypertension. 1982; 4: 190-197. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.4.2.190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koomans H.A., Roos J.C., Boer P. et al. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in chronic renal failure. Evidence for renal control of body fluid distribution in man. Hypertension. 1982; 4: 190-197. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.4.2.190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon E.J., Campbell K.L., Mudge D.W., Bauer J.D. Achieving salt restriction in chronic kidney disease. Int J Nephrol. 2012; 2012: 720429. doi: 10.1155/2012/720429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon E.J., Campbell K.L., Mudge D.W., Bauer J.D. Achieving salt restriction in chronic kidney disease. Int J Nephrol. 2012; 2012: 720429. doi: 10.1155/2012/720429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navaneethan S.D., Yehnert H., Moustarah F. et al. Weight loss interventions in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 4: 1565-1574. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02250409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navaneethan S.D., Yehnert H., Moustarah F. et al. Weight loss interventions in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 4: 1565-1574. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02250409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morales E., Valero M.A., Leon M. et al. Beneficial effects of weight loss in overweight patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 41: 319-327. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morales E., Valero M.A., Leon M. et al. Beneficial effects of weight loss in overweight patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 41: 319-327. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santschi V., Chiolero A., Burnand B. et al. Impact of pharmacist care in the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med. 2011; 171: 1441-1453. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santschi V., Chiolero A., Burnand B. et al. Impact of pharmacist care in the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med. 2011; 171: 1441-1453. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Zuilen A.D., Wetzels J.F., Bots M.L. et al. MASTERPLAN: study of the role of nurse practitioners in a multifactorial intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients. J Nephrol. 2008; 21: 261-267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Zuilen A.D., Wetzels J.F., Bots M.L. et al. MASTERPLAN: study of the role of nurse practitioners in a multifactorial intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients. J Nephrol. 2008; 21: 261-267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright J.T., Bakris G., Greene T. et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2421-2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright J.T., Bakris G., Greene T. et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2421-2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.19.2421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peralta C.A., Hicks L.S., Chertow G.M., et al. Control of hypertension in adults with chronic kidney disease in the United States. Hypertension. 2005; 45: 1119-1124. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000164577.81087.70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peralta C.A., Hicks L.S., Chertow G.M., et al. Control of hypertension in adults with chronic kidney disease in the United States. Hypertension. 2005; 45: 1119-1124. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000164577.81087.70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jafar T.H., Stark P.C., Schmid C.H. et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 139: 244-252. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jafar T.H., Stark P.C., Schmid C.H. et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 139: 244-252. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pohl M.A., Blumenthal S., Cordonnier D.J. et al. Independent and additive impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal outcomes in the irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial: clinical implications and limitations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16: 3027-3037. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004110919.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pohl M.A., Blumenthal S., Cordonnier D.J. et al. Independent and additive impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal outcomes in the irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial: clinical implications and limitations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16: 3027-3037. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004110919.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banegas J.R., Ruilope L.M., de la Sierra A. et al. Relationship between clinic and ambulatory blood-pressure measurements and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1509-1520. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1712231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banegas J.R., Ruilope L.M., de la Sierra A. et al. Relationship between clinic and ambulatory blood-pressure measurements and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1509-1520. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1712231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarafidis P.A., Khosla N., Bakris G.L. Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007; 49: 12-26. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.10.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarafidis P.A., Khosla N., Bakris G.L. Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007; 49: 12-26. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.10.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis E.J., Hunsicker L.G., Bain R.P., Rohde R.D. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1456-1462. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199311113292004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis E.J., Hunsicker L.G., Bain R.P., Rohde R.D. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1456-1462. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199311113292004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit101"><label>101</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maschio G., Alberti D., Locatelli F. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and kidney protection: the AIPRI trial. The ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency (AIPRI) Study Group. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999; 33(Suppl 1): S16-S20. doi: 10.1097/00005344-199900001-00004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maschio G., Alberti D., Locatelli F. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and kidney protection: the AIPRI trial. The ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency (AIPRI) Study Group. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999; 33(Suppl 1): S16-S20. doi: 10.1097/00005344-199900001-00004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit102"><label>102</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams B., Mancia G., Spiering W. et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36: 1953-2041. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams B., Mancia G., Spiering W. et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36: 1953-2041. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit103"><label>103</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casas J.P., Chua W., Loukogeorgakis S. et al. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2005; 366: 2026-2033. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67814-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casas J.P., Chua W., Loukogeorgakis S. et al. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2005; 366: 2026-2033. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67814-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit104"><label>104</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fried L.F., Emanuele N., Zhang J.H. et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1892-1903. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fried L.F., Emanuele N., Zhang J.H. et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1892-1903. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit105"><label>105</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lesogor A., Cohn J.N., Latini R. et al. Interaction between baseline and early worsening of renal function and efficacy of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in patients with heart failure: insights from the Val-HeFT study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013; 15: 1236-1244. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesogor A., Cohn J.N., Latini R. et al. Interaction between baseline and early worsening of renal function and efficacy of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in patients with heart failure: insights from the Val-HeFT study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013; 15: 1236-1244. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit106"><label>106</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 861-869. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 861-869. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit107"><label>107</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holtkamp F.A., de Zeeuw D., Thomas M.C. et al. An acute fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with losartan predicts a slower decrease in long-term renal function. Kidney Int. 2011; 80: 282-287. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holtkamp F.A., de Zeeuw D., Thomas M.C. et al. An acute fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with losartan predicts a slower decrease in long-term renal function. Kidney Int. 2011; 80: 282-287. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit108"><label>108</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease in adults: assessment and management. London: NICE; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease in adults: assessment and management. London: NICE; 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit109"><label>109</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed A.K., Kamath N.S., El Kossi M., El Nahas A.M. The impact of stopping inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010; 25: 3977-3982. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed A.K., Kamath N.S., El Kossi M., El Nahas A.M. The impact of stopping inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010; 25: 3977-3982. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit110"><label>110</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhandari S., Ives N., Brettell E.A. et al. Multicentre randomized controlled trial of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker withdrawal in advanced renal disease: the STOP-ACEi trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31: 255-261. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw166.13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhandari S., Ives N., Brettell E.A. et al. Multicentre randomized controlled trial of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker withdrawal in advanced renal disease: the STOP-ACEi trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31: 255-261. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw166.13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit111"><label>111</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hung S.C., Kuo K.L., Peng C.H. et al. Volume overload correlates with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2014; 85: 703-709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hung S.C., Kuo K.L., Peng C.H. et al. Volume overload correlates with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2014; 85: 703-709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit112"><label>112</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zamboli P., De Nicola L., Minutolo R. et al. Effect of furosemide on left ventricular mass in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26: 1575-1583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamboli P., De Nicola L., Minutolo R. et al. Effect of furosemide on left ventricular mass in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26: 1575-1583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit113"><label>113</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards N.C., Steeds R.P., Stewart P.M. et al. Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular mass and aortic stiffness in early-stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54: 505-512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards N.C., Steeds R.P., Stewart P.M. et al. Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular mass and aortic stiffness in early-stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54: 505-512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit114"><label>114</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uzu T., Kimura G. Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1999; 100: 1635-1638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uzu T., Kimura G. Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1999; 100: 1635-1638.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit115"><label>115</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ecder T., Edelstein C.L., Fick-Brosnahan G.M. et al. Diuretics versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2001; 21: 98-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ecder T., Edelstein C.L., Fick-Brosnahan G.M. et al. Diuretics versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2001; 21: 98-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit116"><label>116</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Currie G., Taylor A.H., Fujita T. et al. Effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on proteinuria and progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2016; 17: 127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Currie G., Taylor A.H., Fujita T. et al. Effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on proteinuria and progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 2016; 17: 127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit117"><label>117</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards N.C., Ferro C.J., Kirkwood H. et al. Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with early stage chronic kidney disease. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 106: 1505-1511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards N.C., Ferro C.J., Kirkwood H. et al. Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with early stage chronic kidney disease. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 106: 1505-1511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit118"><label>118</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayer M.K., Edwards N.C., Slinn G. et al. A randomized, multicenter, open-label, blinded end point trial comparing the effects of spironolactone to chlorthalidone on left ventricular mass in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease: Rationale and design of the SPIRO-CKD trial. Am Heart J. 2017; 191: 37-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayer M.K., Edwards N.C., Slinn G. et al. A randomized, multicenter, open-label, blinded end point trial comparing the effects of spironolactone to chlorthalidone on left ventricular mass in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease: Rationale and design of the SPIRO-CKD trial. Am Heart J. 2017; 191: 37-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit119"><label>119</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwenk M.H., Hirsch J.S., Bomback A.S. Aldosterone blockade in CKD: emphasis on pharmacology. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Mar; 22(2): 123-32. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2014.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwenk M.H., Hirsch J.S., Bomback A.S. Aldosterone blockade in CKD: emphasis on pharmacology. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Mar; 22(2): 123-32. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2014.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit120"><label>120</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Appel L.J., Wright J.T., Greene T. et al. Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 918-929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appel L.J., Wright J.T., Greene T. et al. Intensive blood-pressure control in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 918-929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit121"><label>121</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 861-869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 861-869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit122"><label>122</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L. et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:2417-2428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L. et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:2417-2428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit123"><label>123</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakris G.L., Weir M.R., Secic M. et al. Differential effects of calcium antagonist subclasses on markers of nephropathy progression. Kidney Int. 2004; 65: 1991-2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakris G.L., Weir M.R., Secic M. et al. Differential effects of calcium antagonist subclasses on markers of nephropathy progression. Kidney Int. 2004; 65: 1991-2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit124"><label>124</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gottlieb S.S., McCarter R.J., Vogel R.A. Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 489-497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gottlieb S.S., McCarter R.J., Vogel R.A. Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 489-497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit125"><label>125</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bangalore S., Messerli F.H., Kostis J.B., Pepine CJ. Cardiovascular protection using beta-blockers: a critical review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50: 563-572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bangalore S., Messerli F.H., Kostis J.B., Pepine CJ. Cardiovascular protection using beta-blockers: a critical review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50: 563-572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit126"><label>126</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jovanovic D., Jovovic D., Mihailovic-Stanojevic N. et al. Influence of carvedilol on chronic renal failure progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats with adriamycin nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 2005; 63: 446-453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jovanovic D., Jovovic D., Mihailovic-Stanojevic N. et al. Influence of carvedilol on chronic renal failure progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats with adriamycin nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 2005; 63: 446-453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit127"><label>127</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salplachta J., Bartosikova L., Necas J. Effects of carvedilol and BL-443 on kidney of rats with cyclosporine nephropathy. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2002; 21: 189-195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salplachta J., Bartosikova L., Necas J. Effects of carvedilol and BL-443 on kidney of rats with cyclosporine nephropathy. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2002; 21: 189-195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit128"><label>128</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cice G., Ferrara L., D’Andrea A. et al. Carvedilol increases two-year survivalin dialysis patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 1438-1444.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cice G., Ferrara L., D’Andrea A. et al. Carvedilol increases two-year survivalin dialysis patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 1438-1444.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit129"><label>129</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foley R.N., Herzog C.A., Collins A.J. Blood pressure and long-term mortality in United States hemodialysis patients: USRDS Waves 3 and 4 Study. Kidney Int. 2002; 62: 1784-1790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foley R.N., Herzog C.A., Collins A.J. Blood pressure and long-term mortality in United States hemodialysis patients: USRDS Waves 3 and 4 Study. Kidney Int. 2002; 62: 1784-1790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit130"><label>130</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbott K.C., Trespalacios F.C., Agodoa L.Y. et al. beta-Blocker use in long-term dialysis patients: association with hospitalized heart failure and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 2465-2471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbott K.C., Trespalacios F.C., Agodoa L.Y. et al. beta-Blocker use in long-term dialysis patients: association with hospitalized heart failure and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 2465-2471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit131"><label>131</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakris G.L., Hart P., Ritz E. Beta blockers in the management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006; 70: 1905-1913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakris G.L., Hart P., Ritz E. Beta blockers in the management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006; 70: 1905-1913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit132"><label>132</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori Y., Matsubara H., Nose A. et al. Safety and availability of doxazosin in treating hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. Hypertens Res. 2001; 24: 359-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mori Y., Matsubara H., Nose A. et al. Safety and availability of doxazosin in treating hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. Hypertens Res. 2001; 24: 359-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit133"><label>133</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erley C.M., Haefele U., Heyne N. et al. Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Reduction by different antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension. 1993; 21: 810-815.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erley C.M., Haefele U., Heyne N. et al. Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Reduction by different antihypertensive drugs. Hypertension. 1993; 21: 810-815.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit134"><label>134</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yildiz A., Hursit M., Celik A.V. et al. Doxazosin, but not amlodipine decreases insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal failure: a prospective, randomized-controlled study. Clin Nephrol. 2002; 58: 405-410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yildiz A., Hursit M., Celik A.V. et al. Doxazosin, but not amlodipine decreases insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal failure: a prospective, randomized-controlled study. Clin Nephrol. 2002; 58: 405-410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit135"><label>135</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antihypertensive and, Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Collaborative Research Group Diuretic versus alpha-blocker as first-step antihypertensive therapy: final results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Hypertension. 2003; 42: 239-246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antihypertensive and, Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial Collaborative Research Group Diuretic versus alpha-blocker as first-step antihypertensive therapy: final results from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Hypertension. 2003; 42: 239-246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit136"><label>136</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hermida R.C., Ayala D.E., Mojon A., Fernandez J.R. Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011; 22: 2313-2321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hermida R.C., Ayala D.E., Mojon A., Fernandez J.R. Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011; 22: 2313-2321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit137"><label>137</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muntner P., Judd S.E., Krousel-Wood M. et al. Low medication adherence and hypertension control among adults with CKD: data from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 56: 447-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muntner P., Judd S.E., Krousel-Wood M. et al. Low medication adherence and hypertension control among adults with CKD: data from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 56: 447-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit138"><label>138</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magacho E.J., Ribeiro L.C., Chaoubah A., Bastos M.G. Adherence to drug therapy in kidney disease. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011; 44: 258-262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magacho E.J., Ribeiro L.C., Chaoubah A., Bastos M.G. Adherence to drug therapy in kidney disease. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011; 44: 258-262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit139"><label>139</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E. et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1887-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E. et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 1887-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit140"><label>140</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kithas P.A., Supiano M.A. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease in the elderly. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2010;17:341-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kithas P.A., Supiano M.A. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease in the elderly. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2010;17:341-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit141"><label>141</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaun N., Macintyre I.M., Melville V. et al. Blood pressure-independent reduction in proteinuria and arterial stiffness after acute endothelin-a receptor antagonism in chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2009; 54: 113-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaun N., Macintyre I.M., Melville V. et al. Blood pressure-independent reduction in proteinuria and arterial stiffness after acute endothelin-a receptor antagonism in chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2009; 54: 113-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit142"><label>142</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komers R., Gipson D.S., Nelson P. et al. Efficacy and safety of sparsentan compared with irbesartan in patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: randomized, controlled trial design (DUET). Kidney Int Rep. 2017; 2: 654-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komers R., Gipson D.S., Nelson P. et al. Efficacy and safety of sparsentan compared with irbesartan in patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: randomized, controlled trial design (DUET). Kidney Int Rep. 2017; 2: 654-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit143"><label>143</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parving H.H., Persson F., Lewis J.B. et al. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2433-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parving H.H., Persson F., Lewis J.B. et al. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2433-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit144"><label>144</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Townsend R.R., Mahfoud F., Kandzari D.E. et al. Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2017; 390:2 160-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Townsend R.R., Mahfoud F., Kandzari D.E. et al. Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2017; 390:2 160-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit145"><label>145</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kramer H. J., Townsend R. R., Griffin K. et al. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline Am J Kidney Dis.2019 Apr; 73(4): 437-458. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kramer H. J., Townsend R. R., Griffin K. et al. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline Am J Kidney Dis.2019 Apr; 73(4): 437-458. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
