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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1suppl-106-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ - ВИЧ И ХБП</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPLEMENT - HIV AND CKD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности параметров клеточного иммунного ответа и цитокинового статуса у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с хронической болезнью почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of cell immune response and cytokine status parameters in HIV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджикулиева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhikulieva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">madina67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ющук</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushchuk</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балмасова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balmasova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гультяев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gultyaev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаджикулиева М.М., Волгина Г.В., Ющук Н.Д., Балмасова И.П., Гультяев М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаджикулиева М.М., Волгина Г.В., Ющук Н.Д., Балмасова И.П., Гультяев М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gadzhikulieva M.M., Volgina G.V., Yushchuk N.D., Balmasova I.P., Gultyaev M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/23">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/23</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение: несмотря на достижения в изучении иммунопатогенеза ВИЧ-инфекции, остаются нерешенными вопросы в области диагностики особенностей клеточного иммунного ответа, цитокинового профиля у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с ХБП. Исследования в этом направлении создадут предпосылки для более полного понимания механизмов повреждения почек при ВИЧ-инфекции, что является актуальным и практически важным. Цель исследования: определить роль иммунных факторов на основе изучения клеточного и цитокинового звеньев иммунного ответа в патогенезе поражения почек при ВИЧ-инфекции. Материал и методы: исследование показателей клеточного и цитокинового звеньев иммунного ответа проведено у 30 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов (средний возраст 31,7±6,2 год) с ХБП. Группу сравнения составили 10 пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией без почечной патологии. Контрольную группу составили здоровые лица - 24 человека для анализа иммунного статуса и 15 человек для оценки нормальных показателей цитокинового профиля. Изучение клеточного состава лимфоцитов типовой иммунограммы выполнено на проточном цитофлуориметре BD FACSCanto II. Определение в сыворотке крови концентрации цитокинов проведено методом твердофазного ИФА на многоканальном фотометре Infinite F50. Результаты: у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией поражение почек (наличие протеинурии, снижение СКФ) развивалось на фоне снижения содержания в крови Т-хелперной субпопуляции лимфоцитов (CD3+/CD4+) (0,2×109/л и 0,4×109/л соответственно, р=0,015) при росте числа цитотоксических Т-клеток (CD3+/CD8+), ИФНγ, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-13, ТФРβ и ФНО-α. При проведении корреляционного анализа с хелперной популяцией Т-лимфоцитов были связаны уровни цитокина профиброгенного действия - ИЛ-13, контролирующего гуморальный иммунный ответ (r=0,671, р=0,034), и ФНО-α (r=-0,733, р=0,025), регулирующего секрецию ТФР-β. При снижении уровня CD4+-лимфоцитов менее 200 клеток/мкл и повышении концентрации РНК ВИЧ в крови более 100.000 копий/мл у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с поражением почек отмечалось статистически значимое повышение ФНО-α (при уровне CD4+ лимфоцитов более и менее 200 клеток/мкл - 19,0 пг/мл и 24,2 пг/мл соответственно, р=0,017; при уровне РНК ВИЧ более и менее 100 000 копий/мл - 24,4 пг/мл и 19,7 пг/мл соответственно, р=0,012). Установлена прямая корреляционная связь ФНО-α (r=0,683, р=0,042) с протеинурией и обратная со скоростью клубочковой фильтрации (r=-0,755, р=0,031). Заключение: у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с ХБП выявлены разнонаправленные изменения в показателях типовых иммунограмм, цитокинового статуса. Поражение почек развивалось на фоне более выраженного падения содержания в крови Т-хелперной субпопуляции лимфоцитов с преобладанием провоспалительных и иммуносупрессорных реакций. В формировании повреждения почек при ВИЧ-инфекции установлена ведущая роль ФНО-α в сочетании с депрессией иммунной системы и высокой вирусной нагрузкой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: despite advances in the study of the immunopathogenesis of HIV-infection, many aspects of diagnosis of the characteristics of the cellular immune response and the cytokine profile in HIV-infected patients with CKD remain unanswered. Answering these questions can provide a more complete understanding of the mechanisms of kidney damage in HIV-infection. The study aimed to determine the role of immune factors based on the study of the cellular and cytokine immune response in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in HIV-infection. Material and methods: the study involved 30 HIV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease (mean age 31.7±6.2 years). The comparison group consisted of 10 patients with HIV-infection without renal pathology. The control groups of 24 and 15 healthy individuals were used to analyze the immune status and normal cytokine profile, respectively. The study of the cellular composition of lymphocytes of a typical immunogram was performed on a BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer. The determination of the concentration of cytokines in blood serum was carried out by the method of solid-phase ELISA on a multichannel photometer Infinite F50. Results: in patients with HIV-infection kidney damage (presence of proteinuria, decreased GFR) developed against a background of a decrease in the blood content of the T-helper subpopulation of lymphocytes (CD3+/CD4+) (0.2×109/l and 0.4×109/l, respectively, p=0.015) with an increase in the number of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β and TNF-α. A correlation analysis was found beteween the helper population of T-lymphocytes and the cytokine profibrotic action levels IL-13 that controls the humoral immune response (r=0.671, p=0.034), and TNFα (r=-0.733, p=0.025) that regulates secretion TGFβ. In patients with a decreased level of CD4+ lymphocytes of less than 200 cells/μl and an increase in the concentration of HIV RNA in the blood of more than 100,000 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients with kidney damage, a statistically significant increase in TNFα was observed (with a level of CD4+ lymphocytes of more and less than 200 cells/μl - 19.0 pg/ml and 24.2 pg/ml, respectively, p=0.017; with HIV RNA levels of more and less than 100,000 copies/ml, 24.4 pg/ml and 19.7 pg/ml, respectively, p=0.012) A direct correlation was established between TNFα (r=0.683, p=0.042) and proteinuria, and the inverse with glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.755, p=0.031). Conclusion: in HIV-infected patients with CKD, changes were revealed in the parameters of typical immunograms and cytokine status. Kidney damage developed against the background of a more pronounced drop in the blood T-helper subpopulation of lymphocytes with a predominance of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive reactions. The leading role of TNFα in combination with depression of the immune system and high viral load in the formation of kidney damage in HIV-infection has been established.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>маркеры повреждения почек</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый статус</kwd><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>markers of kidney damage</kwd><kwd>cytokine status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou J, Nast CC. Changing concepts of HIV infection and renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2018; 27(3): 144-152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou J, Nast CC. Changing concepts of HIV infection and renal disease. 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