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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2020-4-474-489</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуносупрессивная терапия при стероид-зависимом нефротическом синдроме у детей. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunosuppressive therapy in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome. Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаронян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaronyan</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">hagaronyan@gmail.co</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вашурина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vashurina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зробок</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zrobok</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anan’In</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыгин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>474</fpage><lpage>489</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агаронян А.Г., Вашурина Т.В., Комаров О.В., Зробок О.А., Ананьин П.В., Тимофеева А.Г., Фисенко А.П., Цыгин А.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агаронян А.Г., Вашурина Т.В., Комаров О.В., Зробок О.А., Ананьин П.В., Тимофеева А.Г., Фисенко А.П., Цыгин А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agaronyan A.G., Vashurina T.V., Komarova O.V., Zrobok O.A., Anan’In P.V., Timofeeva A.G., Fisenko A.P., Tsygin A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/234">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/234</self-uri><abstract><p>Нефротический синдром является серьезным заболеванием почек, приводящим к жизнеугрожающим осложнениям и часто требующим повторных госпитализаций и длительного лечения. Терапия нефротического синдрома в дебюте направлена на индукцию ремиссии и включает прием преднизолона. Большинство пациентов чувствительны к начальной стероидной терапии, однако более половины имеют в последующем рецидивы, приобретая часто-рецидивирующий или стероид-зависимый характер болезни, что требует назначения кортикостероид-сберегающих агентов. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования эффективности иммуносупрессивных препаратов, до настоящего времени отсутствует консенсус по оптимальной стратегии выбора первой линии. Потенциальный риск канцерогенности и инфертильности привели к значительному сокращению показаний к применению алкилирующих агентов. Из-за недостаточной эффективности и малой доступности крайне редко используется неспецифический иммуностимулятор левамизол. Ингибиторы кальцинейрина показали хорошую эффективность в виде поддержания стойкой ремиссии болезни у большинства больных. Вместе с тем, актуальными проблемами стали формирование циклоспориновой зависимости, развитие нефротоксичности, присоединение артериальной гипертензии и формирование косметических побочных эффектов. В последние годы все чаще применяется микофенолата мофетил, эффективность которого продемонстрирована во многих многоцентровых исследованиях. Как правило, препарат назначается при доказанном недостаточном эффекте или токсичности циклоспорина А, тогда как его роль как иммуносупрессивного препарата первой линии недостаточно изучена. Отсутствие стероид-сберегающего действия перечисленных препаратов и критическая степень хронической стероидной интоксикации диктует необходимость использования курса биологической терапии ритуксимабом после тщательного исключения противопоказаний. Внедрение глюкокортикоидной терапии в свое время сыграло колоссальную роль в повышении выживаемости детей с нефротическим синдромом. После того, как достижение ремиссии у большинства больных перестало быть проблемой, новым вызовом явилось формирование стероидной зависимости, необходимость повторных курсов и/или длительной поддерживающей терапии преднизолоном. Для преодоления этой зависимости на протяжении полувека применяются и изучаются различные иммуносупрессивные препараты, которым посвящен данный обзор.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nephrotic syndrome is a serious kidney disease that leads to life-threatening complications and requires repetitive hospitalization and long-term therapy. Therapy for nephrotic syndrome in its onset is aimed at inducing remission and includes taking prednisone. While most children are steroid responsive, approximately half of patients have subsequent relapses and become frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent, which requires using of corticosteroid-sparing agents. Despite a huge number of studies accessing the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, there is still no consensus for first-line therapy. The potential risk of carcinogenicity and infertility led to reduced use of alkylating agents. Due to insufficient effectiveness and low availability, the non-specific immunostimulator levamisole is rarely used. Calcineurin inhibitors have been demonstrated good effectiveness in maintaining stable remission. However, the formations of cyclosporine dependence, nephrotoxicity, arterial hypertension, and cosmetic side effects have become an essential problem. In recent years, mycophenolate mofetil has been increasingly used. The results of multicenter studies demonstrate maintenance of remission in most of the patients, in the absence of significant serious complications. As a rule, mycophenolate mofetil is prescribed if there is a proven insufficient effect or toxicity of cyclosporine, while its role as a first-line immunosuppressive drug has not been sufficiently studied. The lack of steroid-sparing action of these drugs and the critical degree of chronic steroid intoxication dictates the need to use a course of biological therapy with rituximab after careful exclusion of contraindications. The introduction of glucocorticoid therapy played a huge role in increasing the survival rate of children with nephrotic syndrome. After achieving remission in most patients ceased to be a problem, a new challenge was the formation of steroid dependence, the need for repeated courses and/or long-term maintenance therapy with prednisone. To overcome this dependence, various immunosuppressive drugs have been used and studied for half a century, which is the subject of this review.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стероидзависимый нефротический синдром</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd><kwd>микофенолата мофетил</kwd><kwd>циклоспорин А</kwd><kwd>левомизол</kwd><kwd>циклофосфамид</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome</kwd><kwd>glucocorticosteroids</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy</kwd><kwd>mycophenolate mofetil</kwd><kwd>cyclosporine A</kwd><kwd>levamisole</kwd><kwd>cyclophosphamide</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group. 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