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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1suppl-116-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ - ВИЧ И ХБП</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPPLEMENT - HIV AND CKD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аллотрансплантация почки у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kidney transplantation in HIV-positive patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Natalia</surname><given-names>A. Tomilina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galina</surname><given-names>V. Volgina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">volginagv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyudmila</surname><given-names>Yu. Artyukhina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrey</surname><given-names>V. Frolov</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердинский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitaly</surname><given-names>A. Berdinsky</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Островская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Irina</surname><given-names>V. Ostrovskaya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elena</surname><given-names>V. Tsyganova</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; City Clinical Hospital No 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИДом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Centre for AIDS Prevention and Treatment</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Томилина Н.А., Волгина Г.В., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролов А.В., Бердинский В.А., Островская И.В., Цыганова Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Томилина Н.А., Волгина Г.В., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролов А.В., Бердинский В.А., Островская И.В., Цыганова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Natalia A.T., Galina V.V., Lyudmila Y.A., Andrey V.F., Vitaly A.B., Irina V.O., Elena V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/24">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/24</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) является серьезным осложнением ВИЧ-инфекции. Прогрессирование ХБП неизбежно приводит к терминальной почечной недостаточности (ТПН), которая при ВИЧ-инфекции наблюдается в 2-20 раз чаще, чем у в общей популяции. До 1996 г. в лечении ТПН при ВИЧ-инфекции доминировал гемодиализ, тогда как трансплантация почки считалась противопоказанной в связи с опасением отрицательного влияния посттрансплантационной иммуносупрессии на свойственную ВИЧ иммунную дисфункцию. Операции выполнялись редко, преимущественно в случаях нераспознанной ВИЧ-инфекции или при инфицировании, непосредственно связанном с операцией, и их результаты были неудовлетворительными. Интерес к трансплантации почки при ВИЧ-инфекции пробудился в связи с началом антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ), когда уже первый опыт этой операции в новых условиях продемонстрировал хорошие результаты, что подтвердилось далее в многоцентровом исследовании Национального Института Здоровья США. Как показывает накопленный к настоящему времени опыт, трансплантация почки у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов является безопасным и эффективным методом лечения ТПН, обеспечивающим выживаемость реципиентов и трансплантатов, сопоставимую с таковой в популяции неинфицированных лиц. По данным мета-анализа, обобщающего материалы 27 когортных исследований, охватывающих 1670 трансплантаций почки при ВИЧ-инфекции за период с 2003 г. по 2018 г., однолетняя выживаемость реципиентов составляет 97%, трансплантатов - 91%, трехлетняя выживаемость равна соответственно 94% и 81%. К настоящему времени сформулированы критерии селекции донора и отбора ВИЧ-инфицированных реципиентов. Общепризнанно, что потенциальный реципиент должен получать АРТ в течение не менее 6 мес до операции, иметь неопределяемую вирусную нагрузку и уровень CD4-клеток &gt;200 в мкл. Оппортунистические инфекции исключаются, однако ряд центров допускает отдельные из них (туберкулез, инвазивный кандидоз, пневмоцистная пневмония) как потенциально курабельные. Существующий опыт трансплантации почки при ВИЧ-инфекции выявляет и острые требующие решения вопросы, такие как повышенная частота острого отторжения и отсроченной функции трансплантата, а также взаимодействие между иммуносупрессантами и АРТ. Последнее может играть важную роль в учащении как острого отторжения, так и отсроченной начальной функции трансплантата. В представляемой статье обсуждается накопленный к настоящему времени опыт в области трансплантации почки при ВИЧ-инфекции и представлены два собственных клинических наблюдения, иллюстрирующих длительное пост-трансплантационное течение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic kidney disease is a serious complication of HIV-infection. Its progression inevitably leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The prevalence of ESRD in HIV-positive patients is 2-20 times higher than in the general population. Until 1996, hemodialysis was dominant in the ESRD treatment in HIV infected patients, while kidney transplantation was considered a contraindication due to the potential risks of chronic immunosuppression exacerbating HIV-related immune dysfunction. In the small number of HIV-positive patients transplanted at that time, outcomes were generally poor. Interest in kidney transplantation in HIV-infection aroused with the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The very first experience in this field under the new conditions showed good outcomes, confirmed later in a multicenter trial funded by US National Institute of Health. Contemporary studies have now demonstrated that renal transplantation is a safe and effective treatment of ESRD in HIV patients, with patient and allograft survival rates similar to those in uninfected patients. According to a meta-analysis summarizing data from 27 cohort studies covering 1,670 kidney transplantations in HIV-positive patients from 2003 to 2018, the one-year patients’ survival rate was 97%, the graft survival rate was 91%, and three-year survival rates were 94% and 81%, respectively. To date, criteria have been formulated for donor and potential recipient’s selection. It is generally recognized that a potential recipient should be treated with ART for at least 6 months before surgery, have an undetectable viral load and a CD4 cell count &gt;200 per μl. Opportunistic infections use to be exclusion criteria, but several centers allow some of them as potentially curable. The experience in transplantation in HIV-infection has identified unique challenges including high rates of acute rejection, delayed graft function, and significant drug-drug interactions. This article discusses current experience in the field of kidney transplantation in HIV-infection and presents two of our clinical cases illustrating the long post-transplant course.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>пост-трансплантационная иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>отторжение трансплантата</kwd><kwd>отсроченная функция трансплантата</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>лекарственное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>posttransplant immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>transplant rejection</kwd><kwd>delayed graft function</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>drug-drug interactions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekrikpo U.E., Kengne A.P., Bello A.K. et al. 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