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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2020-Special_Issue-33-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-248</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>COVID-19</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COVID-19</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экулизумаб в лечении АНЦА-ассоциированного васкулита, осложненного Covid-19. Клинические наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eсulizumab in treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis complicated with Covid-19. Clinical observations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nadiya.frolova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">natomilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подкорытова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podkorytova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исхаков</surname><given-names>Р. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishakov</surname><given-names>R. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усатюк</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usatyuk</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мутовина</surname><given-names>З. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mutovina</surname><given-names>Z. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролова Н.Ф., Томилина Н.А., Котенко О.Н., Подкорытова О.Л., Исхаков Р.Т., Усатюк С.С., Мутовина З.Ю., Волгина Г.В., Малышев Г.В., Паршин В.В., Лысенко М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролова Н.Ф., Томилина Н.А., Котенко О.Н., Подкорытова О.Л., Исхаков Р.Т., Усатюк С.С., Мутовина З.Ю., Волгина Г.В., Малышев Г.В., Паршин В.В., Лысенко М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolova N.F., Tomilina N.A., Kotenko O.N., Podkorytova O.L., Ishakov R.T., Usatyuk S.S., Mutovina Z.Y., Volgina G.V., Malyshev G.V., Parshin V.V., Lysenko M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/248">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/248</self-uri><abstract><p>Васкулит, ассоциированный с действием антинейтрофильных цитоплазматических антител (АНЦА) представляет собой аутоиммунное системное тяжелое, часто угрожающее жизни заболевание, которое характеризуется некротизирующим воспалением сосудов малого калибра. В 75-90% случаев при АНЦА-ассоциированном васкулите (ААВ) развивается быстропрогрессирующий пауци-иммунный некротизирующий полулунный гломерулонефрит. Несмотря на современную терапию высокими дозами глюкокортикоидов и циклофосфамидом или ритуксимабом риск смерти больных на первом году болезни повышен в 9 раз по сравнению со здоровыми лицами, что связано с инфекциями и активностью васкулита. В последние годы появились новые данные, которые позволяют полагать, что активация системы комплемента, и в частности, альтернативного пути комплемента, играет важную роль в патогенезе ААВ. Полагают, что нейтрофилы, праймированные инфекцией или провоспалительными цитокинами, высвобождают пропердин, который активирует альтернативный каскад комплемента с расщеплением С5 на С5а и С5b. Анафилатоксин C5a связывается с рецепторами на поверхности нейтрофилов, усиливая их праймирование и активацию и таким образом содействуя воспалению. В рандомизированном клиническом исследовании продемонстрирована эффективность селективного ингибитора С5а-рецептора авакопана при лечении ААВ. Однако в настоящее время авакопан недоступен в повседневной клинической практике. С другой стороны, в литературе имеются сообщения об успешном применении при тяжелом течении ААВ препарата моноклональных антител к С5 - экулизумаба. В настоящем сообщении мы представляем 4 клинических случая ААВ, осложнившегося COVID-19, когда общепринятая терапия циклофосфамидом не могла быть применена в связи особенно высоким риском тяжелых инфекционных осложнений, и по решению консилиума и специальной врачебной комиссии было предпринято введение экулизумаба вне существующего стандарта (off-label). Принимая такое решение, мы исходили из данных, согласно которым активация комплемента и специально С5а участвуют в развитии острого заболевания легких, индуцированного патогенными вирусами. Более того, в литературе имеются сообщения об успешном применении экулизумаба при тяжелом течении COVID-19. Таким образом мы стремились применить подход, направленный одновременно на патогенетические механизмы как ААВ, так и вирусного поражения легких.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vasculitis associated with the antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is an autoimmune systemic severe, often life-threatening, disease characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small vessels. In 75-90% of cases of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), a rapidly progressive pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis develops. Despite current treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and either cyclophosphamide or rituximab, patients have a nine-fold increased mortality risk during the first year of disease compared with healthy subjects. This high mortality is attributed mainly to infections and vasculitis activity. Recent data suggest that the activation of the complement system, and in particular the alternative complement pathway, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AAV. It has been suggested that neutrophils primed by infection or pro-inflammatory cytokines release properdin, which activates an alternative complement cascade with cleavage of C5 into C5a and C5b. Anaphylatoxin C5a binds to receptors on the surface of neutrophils, enhancing their priming and activation and thus contributing to the inflammation. The randomized clinical trial showed that the selective C5a-receptor inhibitor avakopan was effective in the treatment of AAV. However, avacopan is currently not available in the everyday clinical practice. On the other hand, reports showing successful usage of monoclonal antibody against C5 eculizumab in severe AAV had been published. Here we present four cases of AAV complicated by COVID-19, for which conventional therapy with cyсlophosphamide could not be applied due to the particularly high risk of serious infectious complications, and eculizumab was used off-label by decision of the medical council and special commission. Taking this decision, we took into account data demonstrating the role of complement activation and, in particular, C5a in the pathogenesis of acute lung disease, induced by pathogenic viruses. Moreover, the successful usage of eculizumab in severe COVID-19 was reported recently. Thus, we sought to apply an approach aimed simultaneously at the pathogenetic mechanisms of both AAV and viral lung damage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>АНЦА-ассоциированный васкулит</kwd><kwd>комплемент</kwd><kwd>альтернативный путь комплемента</kwd><kwd>анафилатоксин С5а</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>экулизумаб</kwd><kwd>ANCA-associated vasculitis</kwd><kwd>complement</kwd><kwd>alternative complement pathway</kwd><kwd>anaphylatoxin С5а</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>eculizumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jennette J.C., Falk R.J., Bacon P.A. et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. 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European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2020; 24:4040-4047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
