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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-2-147-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-25</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Covid-19: связь с патологией почек. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Covid-19: relationship with kidney diseases. Literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">natomilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усатюк</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usatyuk</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурулева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buruleva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьякова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Djakova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лосс</surname><given-names>К. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loss</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкин</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkin</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Moscow City Hospital № 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital № 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора», 125212; ФГБВОУ ВО "Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова"; ФГБУ "Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. Н.Н. Бурденко МО РФ"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology; The Branch of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»; ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора», 125212</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital № 52; G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Томилина Н.А., Фролова Н.Ф., Артюхина Л.Ю., Усатюк С.С., Бурулева Т.А., Дьякова Е.Н., Фролов А.В., Лосс К.Э., Зубкин М.Л., Ким И.Г., Волгина Г.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Томилина Н.А., Фролова Н.Ф., Артюхина Л.Ю., Усатюк С.С., Бурулева Т.А., Дьякова Е.Н., Фролов А.В., Лосс К.Э., Зубкин М.Л., Ким И.Г., Волгина Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tomilina N.A., Frolova N.F., Artyukhina L.Y., Usatyuk S.S., Buruleva T.A., Djakova E.N., Frolov A.V., Loss K.E., Zubkin M.L., Kim I.G., Volgina G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/25">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/25</self-uri><abstract><p>КОВИД-19 - тяжелое острое респираторное заболевание, возбудителем которого является вирус SARS-CoV-2. Хотя оно характеризуется главным образом диффузным альвеолярным повреждением и острой респираторной недостаточностью, в ряде случаев в силу особенностей биологических свойств SARS-CoV-2, лежащих в основе его мультиорганного тропизма, COVID-19 может приобретать экстрареспираторные черты, в том числе протекать с признаками патологии почек, усугубляющейся или возникающей впервые. Показано, что не менее 50% пациентов, госпитализируемых по поводу COVID-19, имеют протеинурию, гематурию и признаки дисфункции почек, которая в ряде случаев достигает степени острого повреждения почек (ОПП). Статья представляет собой обзор литературы, в котором обсуждаются клинические аспекты и возможные патофизиологические механизмы повреждения почек при COVID-19. Полагают, что ренальная дисфункция при этом заболевании является следствием действия комплекса механизмов, индуцированных прямо или непрямо SARS-CoV-2 с развитием острого повреждения почек. При этом выделяют два главных патофизиологических механизма повреждения почек при COVID-19 - прямой цитопатический эффект SARS-CoV-2 на почечный эпителий с развитием острого тубулонекроза и синдром цитокинового шторма, возникающий как следствие гиперактивации иммунной системы с развитием острого почечного и мультиорганного воспалительного повреждения, чему сопутствуют гипоксия, персистирующая гипотензия, рабдомиолиз, гиперактивация каскада коагуляции и нарушения микроциркуляции. С клинической точки зрения следует отметить связь патологии почек с усилением степени тяжести COVID-19 и неблагоприятным исходом заболевания, причем прогноз становится особенно неблагоприятным при развитии ОПП, при котором риск смерти может возрастать в среднем в 5,3 раза. Заболеваемость COVID-19 при терминальной ХПН превышает таковую в общей популяции, а клинической особенностью COVID-19 у ГД-пациентов является преобладание у них тяжелых вариантов течения с развитием выраженного синдрома воспалительного ответа, что определяет повышенную в сравнении с общей популяцией летальность, основной причиной которой является респираторная недостаточность с развитием гиперактивного воспаления с формированием цитокинового шторма, гемодинамической и полиорганной недостаточности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although COVID-19 is characterized mainly by diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, in some cases COVID-19 may acquire extra-respiratory features, including renal dysfunction that has existed earlier or developed de novo. The reasons for the extra-respiratory manifestations are biological properties of SARS-CoV-2 based on its multiple organ tropism. It has been shown that at least 50% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have proteinuria, hematuria, and signs of renal dysfunction, which in some cases reaches the degree of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here we present a review that discusses the clinical aspects and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage in COVID-19. It is believed that renal damage observed in this disease is the result of a complex mechanism induced directly or indirectly by SARS-CoV-2 with the development of acute kidney injury. Two main pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage in COVID-19 are discussed. The first of them is the direct cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the renal epithelium with the development of acute tubulonecrosis. The second mechanism is the cytokine storm syndrome that results from hyperactivation of the immune system with the development of acute renal and multiorgan inflammatory damage accompanied by hypoxia, persistent hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, hyperactivation of the coagulation cascade, and microcirculation disorders. From a clinical point of view, it should be noted that signs of kidney damage are associated with an increase in the severity of COVID-19 and a poor outcome of the disease, and the prognosis becomes the worst with the development of AKI (the risk of death may increase by 5.3 times). The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with ESRD is higher than in the general population. The most typical for these patients is a severe course of the disease, which determines the increased mortality in comparison with the general population, caused by a respiratory failure with hyperactive inflammation, cytokine storm, hemodynamic, and multiple organ failures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>цитопатический эффект вируса SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый шторм</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>терминальная хроническая почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>cytokine storm</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>end-stage renal disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. 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