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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2019-2-199-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-264</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инновации в гемодиализе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Innovation in hemodialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rash.56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова"; ГБОУ ВО "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State medical university, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Disease; Saint Petersburg State university, Department of Faculty Therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Румянцев А.Ш., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/264">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/264</self-uri><abstract><p>В обновлении клинических рекомендаций по адекватности диализа, подготавливаемых Международным обществом нефрологов, основные приоритеты отданы четырем главным темам: выбор модальности диализа, условия и сроки старта, сосудистый доступ, адекватность гемодиализа с акцентом на коррекцию водного баланса и времени диализа. Негативных сценариев развития этих тем в Европе удалось избежать: выбор метода более открыт; ни ранний, ни поздний старт не были широким явлением; сосудистый доступ всегда удерживался во внимании; диализа короче четырех часов практически не было, а инструментальная оценка гидратации активно развивается. Интерес представляют новые подходы к интенсификации диализа, в первую очередь - в отношении выведения все более высокомолекулярных субстанций, относящихся к уремическим токсинам. Ограничением роста проницаемости создаваемых новых мембран служит необходимость исключить (или свести к минимуму) потери альбумина. Для удовлетворения этим требованиям мембрана должна обладать высоким порогом задержки (вещества с меньшим молекулярным весом задерживаются менее чем на 10%) и средней точкой отсечения (через мембрану теряется менее 10% вещества с большим молекулярным весом). Такие мембраны эффективно удаляют вещества с молекулярным весом до 50 кДа, но так же надежно, как обычные высокопоточные мембраны, исключают существенные потери альбумина. Принципиально важным является то, что такая проницаемость мембран обеспечивает на протяжении диализатора сначала внутреннюю фильтрацию, а затем обратную фильтрацию (эквивалент замещающего раствора) с конвекционным объемом примерно в половину такового при гемодиафильтрации на обычных диализных аппаратах и без отдельной системы подготовки и введения замещающего раствора. Тем самым, снижаются риски тромбирования системы и снижения диффузионного клиренса из-за гемоконцентрации в выходной части диализатора и контура до поступления замещающего раствора. Получены первые клинические подтверждения эффективности и безопасности такого решения, обозначаемого как расширенный диализ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In future update of clinical guidelines on dialysis adequacy prepared by the International Society of Nephrology, the main priorities are given to four topics: the choice of dialysis modality, conditions at dialysis start, vascular access, adequacy of hemodialysis with an emphasis on correction of water balance and dialysis duration. In Europe negative scenarios for the development of these problems have been avoided: the choice of dialysis modality is more available; neither early nor late start is widespread; vascular access is always held in attention; dialysis shorter than four hours is not used, and instrumental hydration assessments are being actively developed. New approaches to the intensification of dialysis, first of all with regard to the elimination of more and more high-molecular substances related to uremic toxins are used. The limiting factor for an increase in permeability of new membranes is the necessity to exclude (at least minimize) the albumin loss. To meet these requirements, the membrane must have a high retention onset (substances with a lower molecular weight are retained by less than 10%) and a medium cut-off (less than 10% of a substance with a higher molecular weight is lost through the membrane). Such membranes effectively remove substances with molecular weight of up to 50 kD, but as reliably as conventional high-flux membranes, eliminate substantial losses of albumin. Fundamentally important is that such membrane permeability provides throughout the dialyzer length the internal filtration, and then back filtration (equivalent to the replacement solution) with a convection volume of about half that of hemodiafiltration with conventional dialysis machines and without a separate system for preparing and introducing the replacement solution. Thereby, the risks of thrombosis of the system and a decrease in the diffusive clearance due to the hemoconcentration in the output part of the dialyzer and the circuit before infusion of replacement solution is reduced. The first clinical evidence confirmed the efficacy and safety of such a solution defined as expander dialysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расширенный диализ</kwd><kwd>высокопоточные мембраны</kwd><kwd>диализаторы со средней точкой отсечения</kwd><kwd>уремические токсины</kwd><kwd>expanded hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>high-flux membrane</kwd><kwd>medium cutoff membrane</kwd><kwd>uremic toxins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Ш., Земченков Г.А., Сабодаш А.Б. К вопросу о перспективах обновления клинических рекомендаций по гемодиализу. Нефрология. 2019; 23 (2): 49-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Румянцев А.Ш., Земченков Г.А., Сабодаш А.Б. К вопросу о перспективах обновления клинических рекомендаций по гемодиализу. 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