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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2019-3-292-300</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Две стороны одной медали: роль недостаточного и избыточного веса в патогенезе хронической болезни почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Two sides of the same coin: role of insufficient and excessive weight in patogenesis of the chronic kidney disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>А. Асанбек</surname><given-names>К. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>A. Asanbek</surname><given-names>K. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">iperyipery@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сезер</surname><given-names>С. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sezer</surname><given-names>S. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошский Государственный Университет, Международный Медицинский Факультет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh State University, International Medical Faculty</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Атылимский Университет, Медицинский Факультет; Международная кыргызско-турецкая клиника</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Atylim University, Medical Faculty; International Kyrgyz-Turkish Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; А. Асанбек К..., Сезер С..., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А. Асанбек К..., Сезер С...</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">A. Asanbek K..., Sezer S...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/295">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/295</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы отмечается глобальный рост заболеваемости хронической болезнью почек (ХБП). Проблема эта носит как медицинский характер - высокие показатели смертности от кардиоваскулярных причин в этой популяции, так и экономический характер - крупные затраты системы здравоохранения на сравнительно небольшую категорию пациентов. Поэтому поиск решений для уменьшения бремени ХБП является актуальной задачей современной нефрологии. Нарушения нутриционного статуса широко распространены и являются предикторами неблагоприятных исходов при ХБП, но при своевременном выявлении могут быть относительно легко скорректированы при правильном рационе и режиме питания. Вариации нарушений нутриционного статуса включают как недостаточный вес, так и избыточный вес. Влияние нарушений нутриционного статуса на прогрессирование и клинические исходы ХБП варьирует в зависимости от стадии: белково-энергетическая недостаточность (БЭН) является неблагоприятным фактором и может обнаруживаться во всех стадиях ХБП, но более характерна для поздних стадий, тогда как, ожирение играет бóльшую роль в прогрессировании ХБП на ранних стадиях, однако у пациентов на диализе начинает ассоциироваться с лучшей выживаемостью (обратная эпидемиология). Сочетание БЭН и ожирения (комплекс саркопения-ожирение), обнаруживаемое во всех стадиях ХБП, позволяет предположить, что при нормальном или избыточном весе, именно потеря мышечной массы и неравномерное распределение жировой ткани по центральному типу неблагоприятно влияет на прогноз. Нарушения нутриционного статуса поддаются коррекции, и их своевременная идентификация, модификация образа жизни, коррекция диетического режима и рациона питания могут облегчить бремя ХБП в группе пациентов высокого риска. Однако на практике важности определения и коррекции нарушений нутриционного статуса часто не придается должное значение. Цель данного обзора - выявление роли избыточного и недостаточного веса на патогенез и прогрессирование ХБП, обсуждение результатов последних исследований, посвященных данной теме, и улучшение понимания механизмов нарушения нутриционного статуса при ХБП, что, несомненно, может способствовать разработке эффективных стратегий по их профилактике, диагностике и лечению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, a global increase in the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been observed. This problem has both medical (high mortality from cardiovascular causes in this population) and economic (large costs of the health care system for a relatively small category of patients) character. Therefore, a search for solutions for reduction of the CKD burden is an important problem of modern nephrology. Nutritional status impairments are widespread. They are predictors of adverse outcomes in CKD. However, with early detection they can be relatively easily corrected with special diet. Variations of nutritional status impairments include both underweight and overweight. The impact of nutritional status disorders on the progression and clinical outcomes of CKD varies depending on the stage: protein-energy wasting (PEW) is an unfavorable factor and can be found in all stages of CKD. It is more common at the later stages, whereas, obesity plays a greater role in CKD progression on its early stages. However, in dialysis patients, obesity is associated with better survival (reverse epidemiology). The combination of PEW and obesity (sarcopenia-obesity complex), was found in all stages of CKD. It was suggested that in patient with normal weight or overweight, it is the loss of muscle mass and the uneven distribution of adipose tissue by the central type, adversely affect the prognosis. The nutritional status disorders are amenable to correction and their timely identification, modification of lifestyle, correction of dietary regime and ratio can ease the burden of CKD in the group of high-risk patients. However, in practice, the importance of determining and correcting nutritional status impairments is often underestimated. The purpose of this review was to identify the role of overweight and underweight in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD, to discuss the results of the recent studies on this topic and to improve understanding of the mechanisms of violation of nutritional status in CKD, which will undoubtedly contribute to the development of effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis and treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>диализ</kwd><kwd>нутриционный статус</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>белково-энергетическая недостаточность</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>dialysis</kwd><kwd>nutritional status</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>protein energy wasting</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KDIGO, 2012. 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