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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2019-4-404-418</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тромботическая микроангиопатия после трансплантации почки: что скрывается за морфологической картиной? Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: what is behind the pathology pattern? Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">renalnephron@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ МО Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>404</fpage><lpage>418</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопенко Е.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopenko E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/306">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/306</self-uri><abstract><p>Тромботическая микроангиопатия (ТМА) ренального трансплантата - это клинико-морфологический феномен, характеризующийся специфическим повреждением гломерулярных капилляров и артерий среднего и малого калибра в виде отека эндотелиальных клеток, расширения субэндотелиального пространства с резким сужением просвета сосудов, в ряде случаев - с наличием тромбов. При хроническом течении ТМА формируется морфологическая картина "луковичной шелухи". ТМА трансплантированной почки развивается de novo или как возвратная патология, может быть системной или локализованной в трансплантате, но во всех случаях оказывает неблагоприятное влияние на выживаемость реципиентов и трансплантатов. Для подтверждения ТМА ренального трансплантата необходимо морфологическое исследование, однако нефробиопсия не всегда помогает установить этиологию ТМА. Наиболее частыми причинами de novo ТМА являются токсичность ингибиторов кальцинейрина и антитело-опосредованное отторжение трансплантата, а возвратной ТМА - рецидив атипичного гемолитико-уремического синдрома (аГУС). Мутации генов, ответственных за синтез белков-регуляторов комплемента, играют важную роль не только при рецидиве аГУС после трансплантации почки (ТП), но и в немалой части случаев de novo ТМА. Для лечения de novo ТМА применяется устранение причины ее развития, а также проведение плазмообмена с введением внутривенного иммуноглобулина. В отдельных случаях de novo ТМА с чрезмерной активацией системы комплемента, резистентных к стандартной терапии, целесообразно применение комплемент-блокирующей терапии. При возвратном аГУС после ТП у всех больных препаратом первой линии является экулизумаб. Если у пациента установлен диагноз аГУС и выявлен с помощью генетического тестирования и оценки особенностей течения заболевания высокий риск рецидива после ТП, необходима профилактика возврата заболевания - использование "режима защиты эндотелия" и экулизумаба. В целом проблема ТМА после ТП требует дальнейшего изучения с разработкой надежных предикторов ее развития в трансплантате и новых подходов к профилактике и лечению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) of the renal transplant is a clinical and morphological phenomenon characterized by specific damage of glomerular capillaries and medium-small arteries in the form of endothelial cells edema, expansion of the subendothelial space with a sharp narrowing of the vessels lumen, in some cases with blood clots. In the chronic TMA, a morphological picture of the "onion peel" is formed. TMA of a transplanted kidney develops de novo or as a recurrent pathology, may be systemic or localized in the transplant, but in all cases decreases the survival of the recipients and grafts. Morphological examination is necessary to confirm TMA of a renal transplant, but kidney biopsy does not always help to establish the etiology of TMA. The most common causes of de novo TMA are the toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors and antibody-mediated transplant rejection, and recurrent TMA is a relapse of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS). Mutations in the genes of complement regulatory proteins play an important role not only in the recurrent aHUS after kidney transplantation (KT), but also in some cases of de novo TMA. To treat de novo TMA its causes should be eliminated. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are also used. In some cases of de novo TMA with uncontrollable activation of the complement system, resistant to standard therapy, it is advisable to use complement-blocking therapy. In all patients with recurrent aHUS after KT the first-line therapy is eculizumab. If a patient is diagnosed with aHUS and identified as high risk of relapse after KT through genetic testing and assessing of clinical features, prevention of disease recurrence with "endothelial protection regimen" and eculizumab is necessary. In general, the problem of TMA after KT requires further studies with the development of reliable predictors of its development and new approaches to prevention and treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>тромботическая микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>токсичность ингибиторов кальцинейрина</kwd><kwd>антитело-опосредованное отторжение</kwd><kwd>активация комплемента</kwd><kwd>атипичный гемолитико-уремический синдром</kwd><kwd>плазмообмен</kwd><kwd>экулизумаб</kwd><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>CNI-toxicity</kwd><kwd>antibody-mediated rejection</kwd><kwd>complement activation</kwd><kwd>atypical HUS</kwd><kwd>plasma exchange</kwd><kwd>eculizumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbas F., Kossi M.E., Kim J.J. et al. 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