<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические аспекты применения кетоконазола с целью снижения дозы циклоспорина А у реципиентов почечного трансплантата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical aspects of ketoconazole administration for cyclosporine A dose reduction in kidney transplant recipients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватазин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatazin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Отделение хронического гемодиализа и трансплантации почки МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского, г. Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2003</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербакова Е.О., Прокопенко Е.И., Ватазин А.В., Пасов С.А., Суслов В.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербакова Е.О., Прокопенко Е.И., Ватазин А.В., Пасов С.А., Суслов В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Scherbakova E.O., Prokopenko E.I., Vatazin A.V., Pasov S.A., Suslov V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3109">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3109</self-uri><abstract><p>Кетоконазол (Кето) является ингибитором системы цитохрома P-450 и способен снижать дозу циклоспорина A (ЦсА) и стоимость иммуносупрессивного лечения у реципиентов почечного трансплантата. В данном исследовании изучались возможные побочные метаболические эффекты совместного назначения Кето и ЦсА. Группа реципиентов, получавших Кето в дозе 100 мг/сут (n = 23), сравнивалась с контрольной группой больных, не получавших этот препарат (n = 13), в течение 3 лет после трансплантации. Обследование пациентов включало оценку функции ренального трансплантата и печени, состояния костной ткани, концентрацию ЦсА в крови, мониторинг артериального давления и массы тела. Начальная доза ЦсА составляла 3,478 ± 0,102 мг/кг/сут в Кето-группе и 5,500 ± 0,196 мг/кг/сут в группе контроля, p &lt; 0,001. Уменьшение дозы ЦсА достигло 70% через 6 месяцев после трансплантации у больных, принимавших Кето, и только 26% у пациентов, не получавших Кето. Функция трансплантата и частота отторжения были сходными в группах. Сывороточный билирубин, альбумин, АЛТ, ГГТП, холестерин, кальций, фосфор, щелочная фосфатаза, ПТГ и минеральная плотность кости не различались статистически между Кето-группой и контрольной группой. Частота переломов на 1 пациента в год была ниже в группе Кето по сравнению с группой контроля (0,0324 против 0,0379). Кето не оказывал отрицательного влияния на динамику АД и массы тела пациентов. Мы полагаем, что длительное использование Кето в сочетании с ЦсА является экономически эффективным и безопасным для больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ketoconazole (Keto), an inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 system, can reduce the cyclosporine (CsA) dose and the cost of treatment in renal transplant patients. In this study we evaluated possible metabolic consequences of Keto and CsA coadministration. A group of renal transplant recipients taking 100 mg/day Keto (n = 23) was compared with a control group not receiving Keto (n = 13) during three years aftertransplantation. Evaluation of all patients included graft function, liver function tests, bone status, control of CsA blood concentration, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and body weight (BW) monitoring. The initial CsA dose was 3,478 ± 0,102 mg/kg/day in the Keto group and 5,500 ± 0,196 mg/kg/day in the control, p &lt; 0,001. CsA dose reduction was 70% at 6 months aftertransplantation in patients receiving Keto and only 26% in recipients without Keto. Graft function and frequency of rejection episodes was similar in both group. Serum bilirubin, albumin, ALT, GGTP, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, PTH and bone mineral density were no different between Keto group and No-Keto group. Fracture rate was lower in the Keto group comparing with control (0,0324 versus 0,0379 patient years). Keto did not influence negatively on MAP and BW changes. We conclude that long-term use of low dose Keto in CsA-treated renal transplant recipients is safe and cost-saving.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>циклоспорин А</kwd><kwd>кетоконазол</kwd><kwd>функция трансплантата</kwd><kwd>функция печени</kwd><kwd>АД</kwd><kwd>масса тела</kwd><kwd>фосфорно-кальциевый обмен</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каабак М.М., Горяйнов В.А., Агуреева Л.И. и др. Выбор оптимального режима терапии циклоспорином у реципиентов аллогенных почек в различные сроки после операции. Нефрология и диализ 2001; 1: 57-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каабак М.М., Горяйнов В.А., Агуреева Л.И. и др. Выбор оптимального режима терапии циклоспорином у реципиентов аллогенных почек в различные сроки после операции. Нефрология и диализ 2001; 1: 57-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ким И.Г., Томилина Н.А. Опыт конверсии циклоспорина А после аллотрансплантации почки. Трансплантология и искусственные органы 1997; 3: 17-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ким И.Г., Томилина Н.А. Опыт конверсии циклоспорина А после аллотрансплантации почки. Трансплантология и искусственные органы 1997; 3: 17-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Е.И. Трансплантация почки и цитомегаловирусная инфекция (профилактика, диагностика и комплексное лечение): Автореф.. дисс. канд. мед. наук. М., 1998: 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Прокопенко Е.И. Трансплантация почки и цитомегаловирусная инфекция (профилактика, диагностика и комплексное лечение): Автореф.. дисс. канд. мед. наук. М., 1998: 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cтоляревич Е.С., Ильинский И.М., Варшавский В.А., Томилина Н.А. и др. Факторы прогрессирования хронической нефропатии отторжения: клинико-морфологический анализ. Нефрология 1998; 2: 45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cтоляревич Е.С., Ильинский И.М., Варшавский В.А., Томилина Н.А. и др. Факторы прогрессирования хронической нефропатии отторжения: клинико-морфологический анализ. Нефрология 1998; 2: 45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трейвиш В.С., Шойхет И.Н., Анкова Е.В. Комбинация циклоспорина и кетоконазола в схеме иммуносупрессии у больных с пересаженной почкой. Клиническая медицина 1998; 76 (1): 40-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Трейвиш В.С., Шойхет И.Н., Анкова Е.В. Комбинация циклоспорина и кетоконазола в схеме иммуносупрессии у больных с пересаженной почкой. Клиническая медицина 1998; 76 (1): 40-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babarykin D., Adamsone I., Amerika D. et al. Disoders of calcium metabolism at various times after renal transplantation. Ann Transplant 1999; 4 (1): 46-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babarykin D., Adamsone I., Amerika D. et al. Disoders of calcium metabolism at various times after renal transplantation. Ann Transplant 1999; 4 (1): 46-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Canadian Multicenter Transplant Study Group. A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation: Analysis at three years. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1219-1225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Canadian Multicenter Transplant Study Group. A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation: Analysis at three years. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1219-1225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casez J.P., Lippuner K., Horber F.F. et al. Changes in bone mineral density over 18 months following renal transplantation: the respective role of prednisone and parathyroid hormone. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 (7): 1318-1326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casez J.P., Lippuner K., Horber F.F. et al. Changes in bone mineral density over 18 months following renal transplantation: the respective role of prednisone and parathyroid hormone. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 (7): 1318-1326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curtis J.J. Treatment of hypertension in renal allograft patients: Does drug selection make a difference? Kidney Int 1997; 52 (Suppl 63): 75-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curtis J.J. Treatment of hypertension in renal allograft patients: Does drug selection make a difference? Kidney Int 1997; 52 (Suppl 63): 75-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Angelo A., Calo L., Giannini S. et al. Parathyroid hormone and bone metabolism in kidney-transplanted patients. Clin. Nephrol. 2000; 53 (4): 19-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Angelo A., Calo L., Giannini S. et al. Parathyroid hormone and bone metabolism in kidney-transplanted patients. Clin. Nephrol. 2000; 53 (4): 19-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Sevaux R.G., Hoitsma A.J., Corstens F.H., Wetzels J.F. Treatment with vitamin D and calcium reduces bone loss after renal transplantation: a randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13 (6): 1608-1614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Sevaux R.G., Hoitsma A.J., Corstens F.H., Wetzels J.F. Treatment with vitamin D and calcium reduces bone loss after renal transplantation: a randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13 (6): 1608-1614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">First M.R., Shroeder T.J., Michael A. et al. Cyclosporine-ketokonazole interaction. Long-term follow-up and preliminary results of a randomized trial. Transplantion 1993; 55 (5): 1000-1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">First M.R., Shroeder T.J., Michael A. et al. Cyclosporine-ketokonazole interaction. Long-term follow-up and preliminary results of a randomized trial. Transplantion 1993; 55 (5): 1000-1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">First M.R., Shroeder T.J., Alexander J.W. et al. Cyclosporine dose reduction by ketokonazole administration in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 1991; 51 (2): 365-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">First M.R., Shroeder T.J., Alexander J.W. et al. Cyclosporine dose reduction by ketokonazole administration in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 1991; 51 (2): 365-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannini S., D’Angelo A., Carraro G. et al. Persistently increased bone turnover and low bone density in long-term survivors to kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol 2001; 56 (5): 353-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannini S., D’Angelo A., Carraro G. et al. Persistently increased bone turnover and low bone density in long-term survivors to kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol 2001; 56 (5): 353-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glynn A.M., Slaughter R.L., Brass C. et al. Effects of ketokonazole on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and cortisol secretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 39: 654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glynn A.M., Slaughter R.L., Brass C. et al. Effects of ketokonazole on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and cortisol secretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 39: 654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heaf J., Tvedegaard E., Kanstrup I.L., Fogh-Andersen N. Bone loss after renal transplantation: role of Hyperparathyroidism, acidosis, cyclosporine and systemic disease. Clin Transplant 2000; 14 (5): 457-463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heaf J., Tvedegaard E., Kanstrup I.L., Fogh-Andersen N. Bone loss after renal transplantation: role of Hyperparathyroidism, acidosis, cyclosporine and systemic disease. Clin Transplant 2000; 14 (5): 457-463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin J.E., Daoud A.J., Shroeder T.J., First M.R. The clinical and economic potencial of cyclosporin drug interactions. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 15 (4): 317-337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin J.E., Daoud A.J., Shroeder T.J., First M.R. The clinical and economic potencial of cyclosporin drug interactions. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 15 (4): 317-337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurice M., Pichard L., Daujat M. et al. Effects of imidazole derivates on cytochromes P450 from human hepatocytes in primary culture. FASEB 1992; 6: 752.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurice M., Pichard L., Daujat M. et al. Effects of imidazole derivates on cytochromes P450 from human hepatocytes in primary culture. FASEB 1992; 6: 752.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monier-Faugere M.C., Mawad H., Qi Q. et al. High prevalence of low bone turnover and occurrence of osteomalacia after kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11 (6): 1093-1099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monier-Faugere M.C., Mawad H., Qi Q. et al. High prevalence of low bone turnover and occurrence of osteomalacia after kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11 (6): 1093-1099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore L.W., Alloway R.R., Acchiardo S.R. et al. Clinical observation of metabolic changes occuring in renal transplant recipients receiving ketoconazole. Transplantation 1996; 61 (4): 537-541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore L.W., Alloway R.R., Acchiardo S.R. et al. Clinical observation of metabolic changes occuring in renal transplant recipients receiving ketoconazole. Transplantation 1996; 61 (4): 537-541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opelz G. Collaborative Transplant Study. Newsletter 3 1998: 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opelz G. Collaborative Transplant Study. Newsletter 3 1998: 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patton P.R., Brunson M.E., Pfaff W.W. et al. A preliminary report of diltiazem and ketoconazole. Their cyclosporine-sparing effect and impact on transplant outcome. Transplantation 1994; 57 (6): 889-892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patton P.R., Brunson M.E., Pfaff W.W. et al. A preliminary report of diltiazem and ketoconazole. Their cyclosporine-sparing effect and impact on transplant outcome. Transplantation 1994; 57 (6): 889-892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salaman J.R., Griffin P.J.A., Price K.A. controlled clinical trial of low-dose prednisolone in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1982; 14:103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salaman J.R., Griffin P.J.A., Price K.A. controlled clinical trial of low-dose prednisolone in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1982; 14:103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sobh M.A., Hamdy A.F., El Agroudy A.E. et al. Coadministration of ketoconazole and cyclosporine for kidney transplant recipients: long-term follow-up and study of metabolic consequences. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (3): 510-517.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobh M.A., Hamdy A.F., El Agroudy A.E. et al. Coadministration of ketoconazole and cyclosporine for kidney transplant recipients: long-term follow-up and study of metabolic consequences. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (3): 510-517.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorenson A.L., Lovdahl M., Hewitt J.M. et al. Effects of ketokonazole on cyclosporine metabolism in renal allograft recipients. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 2822.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorenson A.L., Lovdahl M., Hewitt J.M. et al. Effects of ketokonazole on cyclosporine metabolism in renal allograft recipients. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 2822.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soylemezoglu O., Derici U., Arinsoy T. et al. Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Kidney Transplant Recipients, a longitudinal study. Nephron 2002; 91 (3): 468-473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soylemezoglu O., Derici U., Arinsoy T. et al. Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Kidney Transplant Recipients, a longitudinal study. Nephron 2002; 91 (3): 468-473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulivieri F.M., Piodi L.P., Aroldi A., Cesana B.M. Effect of kidney transplantation on bone mass and body composition in males. Transplantation 2002; 73 (4): 612-615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulivieri F.M., Piodi L.P., Aroldi A., Cesana B.M. Effect of kidney transplantation on bone mass and body composition in males. Transplantation 2002; 73 (4): 612-615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ugur A., Guvener N., Isiklar I. et al. Osteoporosis after renal transplantation: single center experience. Transplantation 2001; 71 (5): 645-649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ugur A., Guvener N., Isiklar I. et al. Osteoporosis after renal transplantation: single center experience. Transplantation 2001; 71 (5): 645-649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe T., Gao Z.H., Shinozuka N. et al. Unexpectedly low immunocompetence in transplant patients on ketoconazole. Clin Transplant 1997; 11 (6): 599-603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe T., Gao Z.H., Shinozuka N. et al. Unexpectedly low immunocompetence in transplant patients on ketoconazole. Clin Transplant 1997; 11 (6): 599-603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zurcher R.M., Frey B.M., Frey F.J. Impact of ketoconazole on the metabolism of prednisolone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989; 45: 366.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zurcher R.M., Frey B.M., Frey F.J. Impact of ketoconazole on the metabolism of prednisolone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989; 45: 366.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
