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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиомавирусная нефропатия трансплантата (Обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polyomavirus nephropathy in transplanted kidney</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexei_sukhanov@mtu-net.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИИТиИО МЗ РФ, Отделение нефрологических проблем трансплантации почки</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2001</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>411</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суханов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суханов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhanov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3263">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3263</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение Этиологическим фактором полиомавирусной нефропатии является БК (BK)-вирус, являющийся представителем полиомавирусов, которые, в свою очередь, относятся к семейству Papovaviridae. Вирус не имеет оболочки, размер вируса примерно 45-55 нм. Ядро вируса составляет двойная цепь ДНК, содержащая около 5000 пар азотистых оснований [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Другими представителями группы полиомавирусов являются JC-вирус, вызывающий прогрессивную мультифокальную энцефалопатию человека, а также SV-40 (simian-virus), являющийся лимфотропным вирусом приматов. BK- и JC-вирусы получили свое название по инициалам пациентов, у которых в 1971 году они впервые были обнаружены. Полиомавирусы достаточно распространены. По некоторым данным [2, 3], от 60 до 100% населения являются серопозитивными. Инфицирование обычно происходит в детском возрасте респираторным путем, в редких случаях имеет место транспланцентарное заражение. В латентной стадии вирус локализуется в В-клетках, в переходном эпителии, а также в тубулярном эпителии почек [4, 5]. Реактивация BKV наступает при снижении Т-клеточного иммунитета (врожденные или приобретенные иммунодефицитные синдромы, в том числе - вследствие иммуносупрессивной терапии после трансплантации органов) [6-9]. Однако в последнее время появились данные, что у некоторых больных с гематурией и без признаков иммунодефицитного состояния обнаруживается ВК-вирус в слущенном канальцевом эпителии [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>]. Известны также случаи активации ВК-вирусной инфекции при сахарном диабете и диабетической нефропатии.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиомавирусная нефропатия</kwd><kwd>БК (BK)-вирус</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>хроническая нефропатия трансплантата</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demeter L.M. JC, BK and other polyomaviruses: progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy. 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