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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль этиологических и других факторов в развитии хронической почечной недостаточности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of the etiology and other factors in the progression of chronic renal insufficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Рамиз Аскер</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tamc@azeuronet.com; ramizaskeroglu@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Уронефрологическое отделение Турецко-американского медицинского центра, г. Баку</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2001</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алиев Р.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алиев Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aliev R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3291">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3291</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является изучение влияния характера нефропатии, возраста и пола больных на прогрессирование хронической почечной недостаточности (ХПН), а также продолжительность жизни на гемодиализе. Обследовано 1559 больных с ХПН, 60% из которых составляли лица в возрасте от 20 до 50 лет. Всего в исследовании было представлено 15 нозологических групп, причем наиболее часто встречались гломерулонефриты (31%) и пиелонефриты (15%). У 16% больных причину ХПН установить не удалось. Сроки наблюдения составили до 25 лет. Установлена определенная зависимость сроков начала и скорости прогрессирования ХПН от характера заболевания. Скорость прогрессирования была максимальной при гломерулонефритах и минимальной при поликистозе. ХПН развивалась раньше при нефротических и смешанных типах и позднее - при гипертоническом и латентных типах гломерулонефрита. Установлено также, что, кроме характера почечного заболевания, на продолжительность жизни и прогноз влияют возраст и пол больных, наличие инфекции мочевых путей, оперативные вмешательства и сопутствующие заболевания. У больных, заболевших гломерулонефритом в возрасте до 10 лет, ХПН протекала в более легкой форме, у мальчиков она была более тяжелой. Выявлена прямая зависимость продолжительности жизни от скорости гломерулярной фильтрации и экскреции натрия с мочой, и обратная зависимость - от уровня артериального давления, мочевины и креатинина в крови. 629 больным применено лечение гемодиализом. 5-летняя выживаемость на гемодиализе составила 82% в группе больных с пиелонефритом, 73% - у больных гломерулонефритом, 63% - при амилоидозе, 61% - при гипертоническом нефросклерозе. 59% больных с пиелонефритом и 40% с гломерулонефритом прожили на программном гемодиализе более 10 лет. Среди больных пиелонефритом в возрасте до 50 лет 5-летняя выживаемость на гемодиализе составила 82%, 10-летняя - 50%. Среди больных старше 50 лет эти показатели составили, соответственно, 50% и 6%. Соотношение мужчин и женщин к началу гемодиализного лечения было равно 61:39, через 5 лет - 63:37 и на десятом году - 66:34.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the primary kidney disease and others factors including age and sex on the onset and progression rate of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) as well as on the survival rate of hemodialysis patients. 1559 patients with CRI were observed. The age of 60% of them was 20-50 years. The primary kidney disease in 30,6% of patents was glomerulonephritis (GN), in 14,8% - pyelonephritis. In 15,5% of cases the primary kidney disease was unknown. 629 patients were treated with hemodialysis. The correlation between both the onset and progression rate of CRI and primary disease was found. The highest speed of progression was observed in patients with GN and it was the lowest in patients with policystic kidney disease. The CRI developed earlier in patients with nephritic and mixed type of GN when compared to patients with hypertonic and latent types of GN. The age, sex, urinary infections, surgical interventions and associated diseases were the major factors that affected survival of the patients. The life expectancy correlated directly with glomerular filtration and urinary sodium excretion and inversely to serum urea and creatinin level, as well as blood pressure. 5-year survival rate of hemodialysis patients was 82% in the group with pyelonephritis, 73% - in the group with glomerulonephritis, 63% - in the group with amyloidosis, 61% - in the group with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. 59% of hemodialysis patients with pyelonephritis and 40% with glomerulonephritis survived for 10 years. 5-year survival rate of young hemodialysis patients (below 50 years) was 82%, and 10-year survival rate in this group of patients was 50%. 5-year survival rate in the older group of hemodialysis patients (above 50 years) was 50%, their 10-year survival rate turned to be equal 6%. The ratio of male to female in the beginning of the hemodialysis treatment was 61:39, after 5 and 10 years of hemodialysis it was 63:37 and 66:34 respectevely.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>этиологические факторы</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>факторы прогрессирования</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джавад-Заде М.Д., Мальков П.С. Хроническая почечная недостаточность. - М., 1978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Джавад-Заде М.Д., Мальков П.С. Хроническая почечная недостаточность. - М., 1978.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лопаткин Н.А., Кучинский И.Н. 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