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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к диетическому и медикаментозному лечению мочекаменной болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Update on dietary recommendations and medical treatment of renal stone disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ита</surname><given-names>Пфеферман Гейльберг</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ita</surname><given-names>Pfeferman Heilberg</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Отделение нефрологии, Университет Сан-Паулу, Бразилия</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2001</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>374</fpage><lpage>380</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ита П.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ита П.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ita P.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3296">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3296</self-uri><abstract><p>Белый мужчина 42 лет обратился в клинику отделения нефрологии по поводу повторных почечных колик. За неделю до этого он уже обращался в приемное отделение и получал обезболивающие препараты. При поступлении клиническая симптоматика отсутствовала, но при расспросе стало известно, что в возрасте 32 лет у пациента впервые отмечалось отхождение конкремента. В течение последующих 10 лет отмечалось 5 эпизодов почечных колик, однократно конкремент был удален эндоскопически. Пациент не курит, алкоголь употребляет эпизодически. У одного из братьев больного также отходили конкременты с мочой. При физикальном обследовании патологии не обнаружено, вес 76 кг, рост 167 см, артериальное давление 130/90 мм рт. ст. При обзорной рентгенографии брюшной полости обнаружен конкремент в проекции правого мочеточника. При экскреторной пиелографии выявлена умеренная дилатация лоханки. Было проведено две процедуры дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии (ДУВЛТ), после второй из них конкремент был разрушен, фрагменты его не были доступны для кристаллографического анализа. Сразу после удаления камня было начато лабораторное обследование с целью выявления метаболических нарушений. Концентрация кальция, мочевой кислоты, фосфора и креатинина в сыворотке крови была нормальной. Клиренс креатинина составил 113 мл/мин. Анализ мочи и посев патологии не выявили. Цистиновый тест также был отрицательным. Дважды собиралась суточная моча в условиях обычной диеты. Суточный диурез составлял 4720 и 2570 мл/сут. Экскреция кальция была высокой в обеих порциях (373 и 285 мг/сут соответственно). Экскреция натрия с мочой также была высокой (467 и 290 мЭкв/сут). Уровень мочевой кислоты в моче был в пределах нормы (665 и 624 мг/сут), экскреция цитрата была низкой в обеих пробах (131 и 209 мг/сут соответственно). Изучение питания больного в течение 72 часов показало нормальное потребление кальция - 314 мг/сут, белка - 0,8 г/кг/сут и фосфора - 673 мг/сут. Потребление хлорида натрия (NaCl), рассчитанное по экскреции натрия, составило 27 мг/сут. При рентгеновской абсорбциометрии было обнаружено, что минеральная плотность кости (МПК) составила 1,020 г/см2 (Z-шкала - 1,84; T-шкала - 1,48) в поясничных позвонках и 0,932 г/см2 (Z-шкала - 1,15; T-шкала - 0,60) в шейке бедра. Уровень паратиреоидного гормона в сыворотке крови был нормальным. Функция щитовидной железы и уровень тестостерона в сыворотке крови также были нормальными. Больному были назначены цитрат калия (40 мЭкв/сут) и тиазиды (25 мг/сут) для контроля гипоцитратурии, гиперкальциурии и остеопении, пациенту было также рекомендовано ограничить потребление хлорида натрия, поддерживать потребление кальция на уровне приблизительно 800 мг/сут и употреблять не менее 3000 мл жидкости в сутки. Поскольку пациент чувствовал себя хорошо, он прекратил прием цитрата калия. Через 2 года на фоне применения тиазидов МПК повысилась на 5% в позвонках (1,076 г/кв2) и на 11% в области шейки бедра, содержание кальция в моче снизилось до 273 мг/сут. Повторное исследование питания больного показало, что потребление кальция повысилось до 719 мг/сут, фосфора до 1288 мг/сут, белка до 1,2 г/кг/сут (возможно из-за общего увеличения суточного потребления пищи). Потребление NaCl снизилось до 13 г/сут. Камни в почках не образовывались в течение 4 лет наблюдения, затем при ультразвуковом исследовании было выявлено 2 новых конкремента (4 и 6 мм) в правой почке. При обзорной рентгенографии брюшной полости патологии не обнаружено. Поскольку конкременты были рентгенонегативны, диагностирован уратный уролитиаз. Больному было рекомендовано возобновить прием цитрата калия. Через 6 месяцев при ультразвуковом исследовании обнаружен лишь один конкремент, хотя отхождения камня пациент не замечал. Лечение было продолжено, клиническая симптоматика отсутствовала, однако при последнем ультразвуковом исследовании вновь был обнаружен один конкремент. ** Перевод Е.В. 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