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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3787</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиологическая роль оксида азота в организме (Часть 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Physiological Role Of Nitric Oxide In Organism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкоч</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkoch</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майданник</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maidannik</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанова</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Кафедра детских болезней № 2 РГМУ, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Кафедра педиатрии № 4 Национального медицинского университета, Киев</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>Отдел нефрологии Московского НИИ ПДХ МЗ РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2000</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малкоч А.В., Майданник В.Г., Курбанова Э.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малкоч А.В., Майданник В.Г., Курбанова Э.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malkoch A.V., Maidannik V.G., Kurbanova E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3787">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3787</self-uri><abstract><p>Оксид азота (NO) является одним из наиболее важных биологических медиаторов, который вовлечен в множество физиологических и патофизиологических процессов. Он представляет собой уникальный по своей природе и механизмам действия вторичный мессенджер в большинстве клеток организма. В частности, оксид азота участвует в реализации многих важных физиологических функций, таких как вазодилатация, нейротрансмиссия, снижение агрегации тромбоцитов, реакции иммунной системы, регуляция тонуса гладких мышц, состояние памяти и др., а также некоторых патологических процессов [20, 22, 24, 36]. Важная роль оксида азота в многочисленных биологических процессах в организме явилась основанием для того, чтобы назвать NO в 1991 году Молекулой Года [7, 18]. В 1980 г. Furchgott и Zawadzki впервые описали релаксацию кусочков аорты с интактным эндотелием в ответ на ацетилхолин (АХ). Это свидетельствовало о присутствии вещества, выделяемого эндотелиальными клетками и влияющего на миоциты. Вещество было названо эндотелий-зависимым релаксирующим фактором (EDRF) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>]. Было показано, что EDRF посредством активации растворимой гуанилатциклазы (ГЦ) и по-следующего синтеза вторичного мессенджера циклического гуанозинмонофосфата (цГМФ) вызывает расслабление гладкой мускулатуры сосудов [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>]. Позже Palmer et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit28">28</xref>] идентифицировали EDRF как NO, который продуцируется эндотелиальными клетками.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид азота - физиологическая роль</kwd><kwd>L-аргинин</kwd><kwd>ц-ГМФ</kwd><kwd>синтаза оксида азота</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлева И.А., Мелентьев И.А., Виноградов Н.А. Роль окиси азота в кардиологии и гастроэнтерологии. Клин.мед.1997; 75; 4: 18-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Журавлева И.А., Мелентьев И.А., Виноградов Н.А. Роль окиси азота в кардиологии и гастроэнтерологии. 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