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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности диагностики туберкулеза у больных хронической почечной недостаточностью на программном гемодиализе и после трансплантации почки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic Problems of Tuberculosis in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватазин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatazin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перлин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perlin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbakova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старостенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starostenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirsky</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипина</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipina</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского, НИИ пульмонологии, ММА им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1999</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>1999</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ватазин А.В., Прокопенко Е.И., Перлин Д.В., Щербакова Е.О., Михеев А.В., Старостенко Е.В., Владимирский М.А., Александров А.А., Шипина Л.К., 1999</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1999</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ватазин А.В., Прокопенко Е.И., Перлин Д.В., Щербакова Е.О., Михеев А.В., Старостенко Е.В., Владимирский М.А., Александров А.А., Шипина Л.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vatazin A.V., Prokopenko E.I., Perlin D.V., Scherbakova E.O., Mikheev A.V., Starostenko E.V., Vladimirsky M.A., Alexandrov A.A., Shipina L.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3817">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3817</self-uri><abstract><p>Диагностика туберкулеза у больных с терминальной хронической почечной недостаточностью (тХПН) является сложной задачей, поскольку клиническая симптоматика часто бывает стертой, материал для бактериологического исследования нередко недоступен, а стандартная рентгенография не выявляет патологических изменений. Исследована группа из 77 больных тХПН, 12 из которых получали лечение программным гемодиализом, а 65 являлись реципиентами почечного трансплантата. Последние получали комбинированную иммунодепрессивную терапию циклоспорином А (ЦиА), преднизолоном и азатиоприном. В протокол был также включен кетоконазол для повышения концентрации ЦиА в крови. Туберкулез был диагностирован у 12 из 77 пациентов, 5 из которых лечились программным гемодиализом, 12 наблюдались в разные сроки после трансплантации почки. С целью диагностики туберкулеза проводили ряд стандартных исследований, включавших рентгенографию грудной клетки, УЗИ органов брюшной полости и забрюшинного пространства. Дополнительным методом диагностики было определение в сыворотке крови антител к микобактерии туберкулеза (МВТ). Небольшой группе пациентов с трансплантированной почкой проводилась рентгеновская компьютерная томография грудной клетки, брюшной полости, а также определение ДНК МВТ с помощью пациентов полимеразной цепной реакции (ГЩР) в различных биологических материалах. Определение антител к МВТ оказалось высокоспецифичным (98,5), но малочувствительным (50%) методом. Последнее может объясняться нарушением образования антител на фоне иммуносупрессии после трансплантации почки либо иммунодефицитом, связанным с уремией. Полученные данные позволяют считать более перспективным в таких случаях определение ДНК МВТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tuberculosis in patients with end-stage renal disease is often difficult to diagnose. Due to the absence of sputum or bronchoalveolar aspirate culture, atypical x-ray image and various obscure symptoms, the diagnosis should be confirmed by additional testing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features of tuberculosis, the diagnostic significance of antibodies ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) and MT DMA in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 15 patients with end-stage renal disease (5 hemodialysis patients, 10 kidney graft recipients). Immunosuppression included prednisolone, azatioprin and cyclosporin A combined with ketoconasol. Clinical observations confirmed the atypical course of tuberculosis in most patients. Detection of MT antibodies was highly specific (98,5%), but the method proved not sensitive (50%). The latter can be explained by the impaired formation of antibodies in the presence of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney graft patients, or by immunosuppression due to uremia. MT DNA in PCR appears much more effective for diagnoses of tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микобактерии туберкулеза</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев П.А., Колендо С.Е., Дворецкий Л.И. и др. Туберкулез у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью. Тер Архив 1996; N 5: 68-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьев П.А., Колендо С.Е., Дворецкий Л.И. и др. Туберкулез у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью. Тер Архив 1996; N 5: 68-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agnado J.M., Herrero J.A., Gavald?a J. et al. 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