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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3820</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдаленные результаты трансплантации почки и факторы риска хронической нефропатии отторжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term Results of Kidney Transplantation and Risk Factors of Chronic Rejection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стенина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stenina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинский</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Llyinsky</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИИ трансплантологии и искусственных органов МЗ РФ,отделение нефрологических проблем трансплантации почки, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1999</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>1999</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ким И.Г., Стенина И.И., Ильинский И.М., Томилина Н.А., 1999</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1999</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ким И.Г., Стенина И.И., Ильинский И.М., Томилина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kim I.G., Stenina I.I., Llyinsky I.M., Tomilina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3820">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3820</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены отдаленные результаты первичной аллотрансплантации трупной почки (АТП) и факторы риска хронического отторжения (ХОТ) на материале наблюдений 232 реципиентов аллогенной почки, оперированных в НИИТ и ИО в период с января 1989 г. по январь 1993 г. и прослеженных не менее 12 мес. после операции. Отдаленные результаты АТП оценивались по выживаемости трансплантатов и периоду полужизни, а факторы риска ХОТ - по актуариальной функциональной выживаемости (АФВ), под которой понимали долю трансплантатов, обеспечивавших нормальный уровень креатинина плазмы крови. Выживаемость трансплантатов через 5 лет после операции составила 57%, период полужизни - 8,1 г. Наиболее частой (в 59% случаев) причиной прекращения функции ренального аллотрансплантата (PAT) было ХОТ. В многофакторной регрессионной модели Кокса выявилась значимая связь ХОТ с антиген-зависимыми (кризы отторжения, адекватность иммуносупрессии) и неспецифическими факторами (уменьшение массы действующих нефронов PAT к 6 мес. после операции, артериальная гипертензия и протеинурия). 5-летняя АФВ PAT при течении без кризов была равна 54%, после 1 криза отторжения - 40%, после повторных кризов - 18%. Отрицательное прогностическое значение имело неполное восстановление функции после криза. Последнее тесно коррелировало с дисфункцией PAT через 6 мес. после АТП. Неадекватность иммуносупрессии констатирована в случаях недостаточной дозировки циклоспорина А и/или отмены азатиоприна. 5-летняя АФВ PAT снижалась при этом на 43% и 27% соответственно. Повышение АД и степень артериальной гипертензии (АГ) значимо коррелировали с АФВ PAT, которая снижалась на 21% при умеренной и на 35% - при выраженной АГ. Последняя была тесно связана с протеинурией, но выступала при этом как независимый фактор. Полученные данные позволяют также считать, что оба указанных синдрома являются ранними предикторами ХОТ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Long-term results of the first cadaveric kidney transplantation (KTr) and risk factors of chronic rejection (CR) nephropathy were studied in 232 recipients operated at the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs from January 1989 to January 1993. The postoperative follow-up lasted for at least 12 months. Kidney graft half-life, graft survival, and functional graft survival (FGrS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meyer method. FGrS was estimated by the percentage of grafts with normal kidney function. In the whole group of recipients graft survival was 57% after 5 years, and graft half-life - 8.1 years. Renal graft failure (RGF) was caused by CR in 59% of the cases. Multivariate Cox analysis identified both antigen-dependent and nonspecific mechanisms as significant factors of chronic rejection. Severe or repeated rejection episodes and immunosuppression inadequacy affected the likelihood of FGrS. The recipients who had never had rejection episodes exhibited a 5-year FGrS rate of 54%, as compared with 40% for those who had one episode and 18% of cases with two or more acute rejections. Irreversible renal dysfunction after acute rejection predicted chronic rejection. In patients with inadequate immunosuppression, 5-year FGrS diminished by 43% among those with an underdosage of cyclosporin A, and by 27% among those with discontinuation of azatioprine. Reduction of renal mass, represented by blood creatinin levels above 0.13 mmol/l by the 6th month after KTr, proved to be the most significant antigen-independent mechanisms of chronic rejection. Hypertension and pro-teinuria were other important antigen-independent pathogenic factors of CR. In cases with moderate hypertension, 5-year FGrS lowered by 21%. In patients with severe hypertension, FGrS was 35% less than those with normal blood pressure. Hypertension was a nonspecific and independent risk factor of CR, but it was closely related with protein-uria. Both these syndromes are early CR predictors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантированная почка</kwd><kwd>отдаленные результаты</kwd><kwd>хроническое отторжение</kwd><kwd>антиген-зависимые и неспецифические факторы риска</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>протеинурия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белорусов О.С., Горяйнов В.А. Некоторые аспекты аллотрансплантации почек от живых родственных доноров. Трансплантология и искусственные органы 1997; №4: 60-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белорусов О.С., Горяйнов В.А. Некоторые аспекты аллотрансплантации почек от живых родственных доноров. 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