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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2021-3-379-389</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-39</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологическая структура почечной патологии: данные 7 лет наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spectrum of renal pathology: a 7-year review of renal biopsy database</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилинская</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilinskaja</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варясин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Variasin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Московский городской нефрологический центр; ФПДО ФГБУ ФГОУ «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова»; ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова" МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Московский городской нефрологический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>379</fpage><lpage>389</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столяревич Е.С., Жилинская Т.Р., Варясин В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столяревич Е.С., Жилинская Т.Р., Варясин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stolyarevich E.S., Zhilinskaja T.R., Variasin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/39">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/39</self-uri><abstract><p>Биопсия почки является «золотым стандартом» диагностики заболеваний почек и обязательной диагностической процедурой при подозрении на гломерулярную патологию. Целью настоящего исследования является ретроспективный анализ данных регистра почечных биопсий, выполненных за 7 лет с оценкой структуры патологии в зависимости от показаний к биопсии и возраста пациентов. Материал и методы: ретроспективное исследование по результатам 6387 биопсий нативных почек, выполненных с 2013 по 2020 г. в МГНЦ на базе ГКБ № 52. Результаты: наиболее частым показанием к биопсии почек были изолированный мочевой синдром (ИМС) и нефротический синдром (НС) (33,0 и 32,5% случаев), а также впервые выявленная почечная недостаточность (ПН) (27%). Реже биопсия выполнялась при остром нефритическом синдроме (3,5%) и для уточнения морфологической картины уже диагностированного системного заболевания (4%). Основными причинами нефротического синдрома были: мембранозная нефропатия (МН) - 27%, фокальный сегментарный гломерулосклероз (ФСГС) - 22%, болезнь минимальных изменений (БМИ) - 21%, амилоидоз - 13% и диабетическая нефропатия (ДН) - 6%. У детей преобладали случаи БМИ (59%) и ФСГС (30%), а у лиц старше 65 лет - основными причинами НС оказалась МН (30%) и амилоидоз (28%). Впервые выявленная ПН была обусловлена нефросклерозом различной природы (в том числе как исход IgA-нефропатии), который преобладал у детей (48%) и пациентов среднего возраста (39%), а также экстракапиллярного гломерулонефрита (ЭКГН), оказавшегося основной причиной ПН у пациентов старше 65 лет (33%). Частота выявления тромботической микроангиопатии (ТМА) снижалась с 14% у детей, до 8% и 1% у пациентов среднего и старшего возраста. В структуре изолированного мочевого синдрома в целом преобладали случаи IgA-нефропатии (54%), а у пациентов среднего возраста ее частота составляла 58%. При этом у детей основной причиной ИМС оказался наследственный нефрит (42%), а у пациентов старше 65 лет - вторичный ФСГС (23%). В структуре ОНС также преобладали случаи IgA-нефропатии (38%), а также различные формы пролиферативного и мембранопролиферативного гломерулонефрита (50%), природу которого на момент биопсии не всегда удавалось верифицировать. Среди биопсий, выполненных для уточнения морфологической картины уже диагностированного заболевания (как правило системного) в большинстве случаев речь шла о системной красной волчанке (76%), реже морфологическое исследование проводилось для подтверждения диагноза и уточнения характера поражения при геморрагическом васкулите (10%), амилоидозе (2,3%), ANCA-васкулите (2%), криоглобулинемическом нефрите (3%) и ТМА (1,6%). В 4,7% случаев морфологическое исследование не позволило подтвердить первоначальный диагноз. Заключение: почечная патология по данным пункционных биопсий включает в себя широкий спектр заболеваний, в значительной степени различающихся в зависимости от показаний к биопсии и возраста пациента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A kidney biopsy is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of kidney diseases and a mandatory diagnostic procedure for suspected glomerular pathology. The aim of this study is a retrospective analysis of the renal biopsy register data, performed over 7 years, with an assessment of the pathology structure depending on the indications for biopsy and the age of the patients. Material and methods: a retrospective study based on the results of 6387 biopsies of native kidneys performed from 2013 to 2020 at the Moscow City Nephrology Center. Results: the most common indications for kidney biopsy were isolated urinary syndrome, the nephrotic syndrome and renal failure (33%, 32.5% and 27% of cases). Less biopsy was performed at acute nephritic syndrome (3.5%) and for evaluating the morphological picture already diagnosed systemic disease (4%). The main causes of the nephrotic syndrome were membranous nephropathy (MN) - 27%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) - 22%, minimal change disease (MCD) - 21%, amyloidosis - 13%, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) - 6%. In children, the majority of cases were presented by MCD (59%) and FSGS (30%), and in persons over 65 years of age, the main causes of the nephrotic syndrome were MN (30%) and amyloidosis (28%). Renal failure was most often caused by nephrosclerosis of various nature (including the outcome of IgA nephropathy), which prevailed in children (48%) and middle-aged patients (39%), as well as crescentic glomerulonephritis, which was the main cause of renal failure in patients over 65 years of age (33%). The rate of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) decreased from 14% in children to 8% and 1% in middle-aged and older patients. In middle-aged patients with the isolated urinary syndrome, IgA nephropathy was the main cause (58%), but in children, hereditary nephritis (42%) prevailed, while in patients over 65 years old it was secondary forms of FSGS (23%). In acute nephritic syndrome, cases of IgA nephropathy also prevailed (38%), but in half of cases, various forms of proliferative and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were detected. Their nature at the time of biopsy could not always be verified. Among the biopsies performed to precise the morphological pattern of an already diagnosed systemic disease, in most cases, it was systemic lupus erythematosus (76%), followed by Schönlein-Henoch purpura (10%), amyloidosis (2.3%) ANCA-vasculitis (2%), cryoglobulinemic nephritis (3%) and TMA (1.6%). In 4.7% of cases, the morphological examination did not allow us to confirm the initial diagnosis. Conclusion: renal pathology includes a wide spectrum of diseases, which differ significantly depending on the indications for the biopsy and the age of the patient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечная патология</kwd><kwd>биопсия почки</kwd><kwd>гломерулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>регистр</kwd><kwd>glomerulonephritis</kwd><kwd>kidney biopsy. registry</kwd><kwd>nephropathies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iversen P, Brun C. Aspiration biopsy of the kidney. Am J Med. 1951;11(3):324-330. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90169-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iversen P, Brun C. Aspiration biopsy of the kidney. Am J Med. 1951;11(3):324-330. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(51)90169-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kark RM, Muehrcke RC. 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