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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-4-367-379</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3907</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные механизмы поражения почек при гиперурикемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Underlying mechanisms of hyperuricemia-induced renal damage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-0226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rameev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамеев Вилен Вилевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vilen V Rameev</p><p>11/5, Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvrameev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0538-4814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданова Марина Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, врач-нефролог</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V Bogdanova</p><p>11/5, Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanova.mv@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-7308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко (Козловская)</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko (Kozlovskaya)</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лысенко (Козловская) Лидия Владимировна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidia V. Lysenko (Kozlovskaya)</p><p>11/5, Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidia.v.lysenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника ревматологии, нефрологии и профпатологии им. Е.М. Тареева, Университетская клиническая больница №3, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рамеев В.В., Богданова М.В., Лысенко (Козловская) Л.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рамеев В.В., Богданова М.В., Лысенко (Козловская) Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rameev V.V., Bogdanova M.V., Lysenko (Kozlovskaya) L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3907">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3907</self-uri><abstract><p>Гиперуркемию (ГУ) обычно обсуждают с точки зрения риска развития подагры, при этом даже в отсутствие приступов подагрического артрита она может сочетаться с большим числом коморбидных состояний, среди которых особое место занимают заболевания почек. Результаты крупных исследований и их мета-анализ свидетельствуют в пользу связи развития патологии почек и прогрессирования уже имеющейся ХБП у больных с ГУ.</p><p>Механизмы ГУ-опосредованного повреждения почек сложны и включают в себя прямое повреждение почек кристаллами МК, ГУ-индуцированные воспалительный ответ, оксидативный стресс, эндотелиальную дисфункцию, которые дополняя и усиливая друг друга ведут в итоге к развитию гломерулосклероза и тубулоинтерстициального фиброза. Ключевым звеном развития воспалительного ответа является активация криопириновой инфламмасомы, ведущая к гиперпродукции интерлейкина-1, что позволяет рассматривать ГУ в качестве аутовоспалительного заболевания. При этом, в настоящее время доказано, что наряду с кристаллами моноурата натрия и растворимая форма МК также способна активировать инфламмасому.</p><p>Изучение эволюции обмена МК у животных и путей внутриклеточного распада пуринов, в результате которого и образуется МК, позволяют предположить, что действующим патогеном является не столько ГУ, сколько внутриклеточная гиперконцентрация мочевой кислоты (гиперурикоцитоз), которая является «сигналом тревоги» и запускает аутовоспалительные реакции. Таким образом, ГУ наряду с традиционным фактором повреждения внутренних органов, можно рассматривать в качестве маркера уже реализовавшегося повреждения в клетках врожденного иммунитета (воспалительные макрофаги и нейтрофилы). Это понимание позволяет пересмотреть подходы к терапии, делая акцент, в первую очередь на противовоспалительных препаратах – колхицине и/или ингибиторах интерлейкина-1.</p><p>Дальнейшее изучение молекулярных механизмов влияния ГУ и их понимание патофизиологических процессов сделает возможным определение подходов к ранней диагностике почечной патологии при ГУ и оптимизацию методов лечения таких пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hyperuricemia (HU) is usually considered as a risk factor for gout, and, even being without arthritis, it can be associated with a large number of comorbid conditions, especially with kidney diseases. The results of representative studies and meta-analyses demonstrate the relationship between HU and development of progressive kidney diseases.</p><p>The traditionally discussed complex mechanisms of renal injury, induced by HU, include direct renal damage by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction summarized in inflammatory response and resulted in glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The key element, which triggers the inflammation, is activation of the cryopyrin inflammasome producing interleukin-1 at high level. Not only crystals although soluble UA could activate the inflammasome. Therefore, HU is to be considered as the autoinflammatory disease.</p><p>The data for the evolution of UA metabolism in animals and pathways of its intracellular formation suggest, that it is not the HU, but the intracellular hyperconcentration of uric acid (hyperuricocytosis) triggers "alarm signal" for the autoinflammatory reactions; morover, HU resulted from hyperuricocytosis is only a marker of already realized damage. Being on this position means to reconsider approaches to therapy focusing primarily on anti-inflammatory treatment (colchicine and/or interleukin-1 inhibitors) then urate-lowering strategy.</p><p>Further study of the molecular mechanisms of HU and associated inflammation is needed to prove the hypothesis given.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd><kwd>подагра</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>тубулоинтерстициальный фиброз</kwd><kwd>аутовоспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd><kwd>gout</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>tubulointerstitial fibrosis</kwd><kwd>autoinflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Желябина ОВ, Елисеев МС. Ингибиторы ксантиноксидазы при асимптоматической гиперурикемии. 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