<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-4-380-391</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гериатрические подходы к реабилитационным мероприятиям у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с хронической болезнью почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geriatric approaches to rehabilitation strategies in elderly and very old patients with chronic kidney disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-9164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркушева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkusheva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркушева Людмила Игоревна – канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории возрастных метаболических и эндокринных нарушений; научный сотрудник центра фундаментальной и клинической нефрологии института клинической медицины, врач-нефролог</p><p>ул. 1ая Леонова, 16, 129226, Москва; ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, 117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Merkusheva Liudmila Igorevna</p><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow, 129226; 6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.merkusheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4663-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шилов Максим Александрович – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории возрастных метаболических и эндокринных нарушений, врач диетолог</p><p>ул. 1ая Леонова, 16, 129226, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shilov Maksim Alexandrovich</p><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelovemaksim@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-0454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рунихина</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Runikhina</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рунихина Надежда Константиновна – д-р мед. наук, заместитель директора по гериатрической работе</p><p>ул. 1ая Леонова, 16, 129226, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Runikhina Nadezhda Konstantinovna</p><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nrunihina@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-0315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козловская Наталья Львовна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. В.С. Моисеева</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, 117198, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kozlovskaya Natalia Lvovna</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozlovskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-6850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудинская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudinskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудинская Екатерина Наильевна – д-р мед. наук, заведующая лабораторией возрастных метаболических и эндокринных нарушений; профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития</p><p>ул. 1ая Леонова, 16, 129226, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dudinskaya Ekaterina Nailyevna</p><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dudinskaya_en@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачева Ольга Николаевна – член-корр. РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор; заведующий кафедры болезнейстарения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития</p><p>ул. 1ая Леонова, 16, 129226, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tkacheva Olga Nikolaevna</p><p>16, 1st Leonova St., Moscow, 129226</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkacheva@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский университет); ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Patrice Lumumba People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>380</fpage><lpage>391</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меркушева Л.И., Шилов М.А., Рунихина Н.К., Козловская Н.Л., Дудинская Е.Н., Ткачева О.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меркушева Л.И., Шилов М.А., Рунихина Н.К., Козловская Н.Л., Дудинская Е.Н., Ткачева О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merkusheva L.I., Shilov M.A., Runikhina N.K., Kozlovskaya N.L., Dudinskaya E.N., Tkacheva O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3908">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3908</self-uri><abstract><p>Число пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) во всем мире заметно растет, становясь приоритетной проблемой общественного здравоохранения. ХБП связана с распространенными гериатрическими синдромами, такими, как старческая астения, саркопения, мальнутриция, снижение мобильности и падения, когнитивные нарушения, депрессия. Несмотря на широкое распространение, гериатрические синдромы зачастую остаются не диагностированными, приводя к развитию функциональной зависимости пациентов и снижению качества жизни, повышая количество госпитализаций и риск смерти. Прогрессирование ХБП приводит к функциональным ограничениям и тяжелой инвалидности с низким качеством жизни, что требует надлежащих стратегий реабилитации, особенно у пожилых людей с учетом их коморбидности. Оценка функционального статуса является особенно важной, поскольку начало заместительной почечной терапии при терминальной стадии ХБП у пациентов со старческой астенией может еще больше ухудшить их функциональные показатели или сократить их выживаемость. Функциональный статус пожилых пациентов – это способность самостоятельно выполнять повседневные дела, пользоваться техникой, поддерживать личную гигиену и порядок вокруг себя, а также осуществлять личный контроль над финансами. Реабилитация для пациентов с ХБП и острым почечным повреждением (ОПП) должна включать физическую активность и улучшение нутритивного статуса и может улучшить функциональную независимость и повысить повседневную активность лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. У пожилых пациентов, перенесших ОПП, как правило, происходит снижение качества жизни и прогрессирует старческая астения. В этих случаях реабилитация является незаменимой для поддержания функционального статуса, хотя и более сложной. Реабилитационная программа должна быть адаптирована к индивидуальным потребностям пациента с ХБП в соответствии с целостным подходом, учитывающим степень нарушения функции почек, осложнений и сопутствующие заболевания. Междисциплинарная команда по уходу может быть более эффективной, чем обычный подход или подход, ориентированный на заболевание. В статье представлены рекомендации по вмешательствам, направленным на сохранение функционального и нутритивного статуса, профилактики развития старческой астении и других гериатрических синдромов, таких как падения и саркопения, у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, страдающих хронической болезнью почек.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising rapidly worldwide, making it a major public health concern. CKD is associated with geriatric syndromes such as frailty, sarcopenia, malnourishment, reduced mobility and falls, cognitive impairment and depression. Despite their prevalence, these syndromes often remain undiagnosed, leading to functional dependence, reduced quality of life, increased hospitalizations and higher risk of mortality.</p><p>Progression of CKD results in functional limitations and severe disability, significantly diminishing quality of life, and underscoring the need for rehabilitation strategies – particularly in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Assessing functional status is especially important because initiating renal replacement therapy in the end-stage CKD may further functional capacity or even reduce survival in frail elderly adults.</p><p>Functional status in elderly and very old patients refers to the ability to independently perform daily activities, use household appliances, maintain personal hygiene and a safe living environment, and manage personal finances. Rehabilitation programs for patients with CKD and acute renal injury (AKI) should include physical activity and nutritional support, which may improve functional independence and daily activity in older adults. Elderly patients recovering from AKI often experience a decline in the quality of life and progression of frailty; in such, rehabilitation is essential for maintaining functional status, although it is more challenging.</p><p>Rehabilitation should be tailored to the individual needs of patients with CKD within a holistic framework that accounts for the degree of renal impairment, complications, and comorbidities. An interdisciplinary care team can be more effective than a conventional, disease-focused approach. This article presents recommendations for interventions aimed at preserving age-related frailty and other geriatric syndromes, such as falls and sarcopenia, in elderly and very old patients with chronic kidney disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>функциональный статус</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd><kwd>гериатрические синдромы</kwd><kwd>пожилые пациенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>functional status</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>geriatric syndromes</kwd><kwd>elderly patients</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. World Social Report 2023: Leaving No One behind in an Aging World; United Nations: New York, NY, USA, 2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. World Social Report 2023: Leaving No One behind in an Aging World; United Nations: New York, NY, USA, 2023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева ОН, Розанов АВ, Котовская ЮВ. Федеральный проект "Старшее поколение" – первые итоги работы. Вестник Росздравнадзора. 2021;1:88-92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Rozanov AV, Kotovskaya YV. Federal Project “Senior generation” – the first results of the work. Vestnik roszdravnadzora. 2021;1:88-92 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Папанова ЕК, Ткачева ОН, Котовская ЮВ. Резервы роста ожидаемой продолжительности жизни пожилого населения в России. Проблемы геронауки. 2023; 4: 249-253</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papanova EK, Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya YV. Reserves for increasing life expectancy of older population in Russia. Problems of Geroscience. 2023; 4: 249-253] (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stengel B, Metzger M, Froissart M et al. Epidemiology and prognostic significance of chronic kidney disease in the elderly—the Three-City prospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26:3286-3295. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stengel B, Metzger M, Froissart M et al. Epidemiology and prognostic significance of chronic kidney disease in the elderly—the Three-City prospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26:3286-3295. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Formiga F, Ferrer A, Cruzado JM et al. Geriatric assessment and chronic kidney disease in the oldest old: the Octabaix study. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23:534-538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.03.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Formiga F, Ferrer A, Cruzado JM et al. Geriatric assessment and chronic kidney disease in the oldest old: the Octabaix study. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23:534-538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.03.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.S. Renal Data System: USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2013. http://www.usrds.org/atlas.aspx (04.11.2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.S. Renal Data System: USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2013. http://www.usrds.org/atlas.aspx (04.11.2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowling CB, Sawyer P, Campbell RC et al. Impact of chronic kidney disease on activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:689-694 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowling CB, Sawyer P, Campbell RC et al. Impact of chronic kidney disease on activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:689-694 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Nahas AM, Bello AK. Chronic kidney disease: the global challenge. Lancet. 2005;365:331-340 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17789-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Nahas AM, Bello AK. Chronic kidney disease: the global challenge. Lancet. 2005;365:331-340 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17789-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vettoretti S, Caldiroli L, Porata G et al. Frailty phenotype and multi-domain impairments in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics. 2020;20(1):p.371. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01757-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vettoretti S, Caldiroli L, Porata G et al. Frailty phenotype and multi-domain impairments in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics. 2020;20(1):p.371. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01757-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева ОН, Котовская ЮВ, Недогода СВ и соавт. Гериатрия. Краткое руководство. Москва, ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya YV, Nedogoda SV et al. Geriatrics. 2022] ISBN 978-5-9704-6548-6. DOI 10.33029/9704-6548-6-GER-2022-1-680. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook WL, Tomlinson G, Donaldson M et al. Falls and fall-related injuries in older dialysis patients. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2006; 1: 1197-1204. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01650506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook WL, Tomlinson G, Donaldson M et al. Falls and fall-related injuries in older dialysis patients. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2006; 1: 1197-1204. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01650506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева ОН, Рунихина НК, Меркушева ЛИ и соавт. Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: "парадокс" нормотензии в пожилом возрасте. Consilium Medicum. 2022; 24(1):49-52</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Runikhina NK, Merkusheva LI. Geriatric syndrome of falls in comorbid patients: paradox of normotension in the elderly. Consilium Medicum. 2022; 24(1):49-52. DOI 10.26442/20751753.2022.1.201381. EDN FTPBDU (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stel VS, Smith JH, Pluijm SM, Lips P. Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline. Age Ageing 2004;33:58-65. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afh028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stel VS, Smith JH, Pluijm SM, Lips P. Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline. Age Ageing 2004;33:58-65. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afh028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of the Updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society clinical practice guideline for prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:148-157. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03234.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of the Updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society clinical practice guideline for prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:148-157. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03234.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foster R, Walker S. Brar R et al. Cognitive impairment in advanced chronic kidney disease: the Canadian frailty observation and interventions trial. American Journal of Nephrology. 2016;44(6):473-480. DOI: 10.1159/000450837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foster R, Walker S. Brar R et al. Cognitive impairment in advanced chronic kidney disease: the Canadian frailty observation and interventions trial. American Journal of Nephrology. 2016;44(6):473-480. DOI: 10.1159/000450837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurella M, Chertow GM, Luan J, Yaffe K. Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2004; 52: 1863-1869. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52508.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurella M, Chertow GM, Luan J, Yaffe K. Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2004; 52: 1863-1869. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52508.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craven JL, Rodin GM, Littlefield C. The Beck Depression In-ventory as a screening device for major depression in renal dialysis patients. Int. J. Psychiatry Med.1988; 18: 365-374. DOI: 10.2190/m1tx-v1ej-e43l-rklf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craven JL, Rodin GM, Littlefield C. The Beck Depression In-ventory as a screening device for major depression in renal dialysis patients. Int. J. Psychiatry Med.1988; 18: 365-374. DOI: 10.2190/m1tx-v1ej-e43l-rklf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer S, Vecchio M, Craig JC et al. Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease:systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Kidney Int. 2013; 84: 179-191. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer S, Vecchio M, Craig JC et al. Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease:systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Kidney Int. 2013; 84: 179-191. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyeong MK, Hyung JO, Dong-Ryeol R. Impact of chronic kidney disease on mortality: A nationwide cohort study. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2019;38(3):382-90. DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyeong MK, Hyung JO, Dong-Ryeol R. Impact of chronic kidney disease on mortality: A nationwide cohort study. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2019;38(3):382-90. DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bansal N, Katz R, De Boer IH et al. Development and validation of a model to predict 5-year risk of death without ESRD among older adults with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:363-71. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04650514</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bansal N, Katz R, De Boer IH et al. Development and validation of a model to predict 5-year risk of death without ESRD among older adults with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:363-71. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04650514</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hajjar R, Cafiero AC, Hanlon JT. Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007;5(4):345-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2007.12.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajjar R, Cafiero AC, Hanlon JT. Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007;5(4):345-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2007.12.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wisniewska M, Niemczyk S. Worsening functional status in nephrogeriatrics needs to be accounted for when clinically assessing CKD advancement in addition to GFR; supporting evidence based on the practical application of theoretical modelling. BMC Geriatr. 2022; 583. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03202-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wisniewska M, Niemczyk S. Worsening functional status in nephrogeriatrics needs to be accounted for when clinically assessing CKD advancement in addition to GFR; supporting evidence based on the practical application of theoretical modelling. BMC Geriatr. 2022; 583. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03202-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Formica M, Politano P, Marazzi F et al. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in the elderly and polypharmacy. Blood Purif. 2018;46(4):332-6. DOI: 10.1159/000492149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Formica M, Politano P, Marazzi F et al. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in the elderly and polypharmacy. Blood Purif. 2018;46(4):332-6. DOI: 10.1159/000492149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosner MH. Acute kidney injury in the el derly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013;29(3):565–78. DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.05.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosner MH. Acute kidney injury in the el derly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013;29(3):565–78. DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.05.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nacasch N, Sarel E, Rozenberg I et al. Acute Kidney Injury and Rehabilitation Outcomes among Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2023;48(1):777-784. DOI: 10.1159/000534013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nacasch N, Sarel E, Rozenberg I et al. Acute Kidney Injury and Rehabilitation Outcomes among Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2023;48(1):777-784. DOI: 10.1159/000534013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liangos O, Wald R, O’Bell JW et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients: a national survey. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Jan;1(1):43-51. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00220605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liangos O, Wald R, O’Bell JW et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients: a national survey. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Jan;1(1):43-51. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00220605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3): 189-98. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3): 189-98. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liaño F, Pascual J. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-basedstudy. Madrid AcuteRenal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int. 1996 Sep; 50(3):811-8. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1996.380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liaño F, Pascual J. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-basedstudy. Madrid AcuteRenal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int. 1996 Sep; 50(3):811-8. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1996.380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siew ED, Liu KD, Bonn J et al. Improvingcare for patients after hospitalization with AKI. J AmSocNephrol. 2020 Oct;31(10):2237-41. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020040397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siew ED, Liu KD, Bonn J et al. Improvingcare for patients after hospitalization with AKI. J AmSocNephrol. 2020 Oct;31(10):2237-41. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020040397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Intiso D, Di Rienzo F, Russo M et al. Rehabilitation strategy in the elderly. J Nephrol. 2012; 25(Suppl 19):S90-5. DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Intiso D, Di Rienzo F, Russo M et al. Rehabilitation strategy in the elderly. J Nephrol. 2012; 25(Suppl 19):S90-5. DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen-Hagai K, Nacasch N, Sternschuss A et al. Malnutrition and inflammation in hemodi alysis patients: comparative evaluation of neutrophil reactive oxygen formation. Nu trition. 2020 Oct;78:110793. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110793</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen-Hagai K, Nacasch N, Sternschuss A et al. Malnutrition and inflammation in hemodi alysis patients: comparative evaluation of neutrophil reactive oxygen formation. Nu trition. 2020 Oct;78:110793. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110793</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cupisti A, D’Alessandro C, Fumagalli G et al. Nutrition and physical activity in CKD patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2014;39(2–3):107-13. DOI: 10.1159/000355784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cupisti A, D’Alessandro C, Fumagalli G et al. Nutrition and physical activity in CKD patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2014;39(2–3):107-13. DOI: 10.1159/000355784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farrington K, Covic A, Aucella F et al. ERBP guideline development group. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of older patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Nov;31(suppl 2):ii1-ii66. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farrington K, Covic A, Aucella F et al. ERBP guideline development group. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of older patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Nov;31(suppl 2):ii1-ii66. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smyth A, Glynn LG, Murphy AW et al. Mild Chronic Kidney Disease and Functional Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Age Ageing. 2013;42(4):488–94. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smyth A, Glynn LG, Murphy AW et al. Mild Chronic Kidney Disease and Functional Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Age Ageing. 2013;42(4):488–94. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker SR, Gill K, McDonald K et al. C. Association of frailty and physical function in patients with non-dialysis CKD: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14(228). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker SR, Gill K, McDonald K et al. C. Association of frailty and physical function in patients with non-dialysis CKD: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14(228). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-228</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowling CB, Muntner P, Sawyer P et al. Community Mobility Among Older Adults With Reduced Kidney Function: A Study of Life-Space. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63:429-436. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.07.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowling CB, Muntner P, Sawyer P et al. Community Mobility Among Older Adults With Reduced Kidney Function: A Study of Life-Space. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63:429-436. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.07.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roshanravan B, Robinson-Cohen C, Patel KV et al. Association between physical performance and all-cause mortality in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:822-830. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012070702</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roshanravan B, Robinson-Cohen C, Patel KV et al. Association between physical performance and all-cause mortality in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:822-830. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012070702</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verberne W, Geers A, Jellema W et al. Comparative Survival among Older Adults with Advanced Kidney Disease Managed Conservatively Versus with Dialysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2016, 11, 633-640. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.07510715</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verberne W, Geers A, Jellema W et al. Comparative Survival among Older Adults with Advanced Kidney Disease Managed Conservatively Versus with Dialysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2016, 11, 633-640. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.07510715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain J, Mooney A, Russon L. Comparison of survival analysis and palliative care involvement in patients aged over 70 years choosing conservative management or renal replacement therapy in advanced chronic kidney disease. Palliat. Med. 2013, 27, 829-839. DOI: 10.1177/0269216313484380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain J, Mooney A, Russon L. Comparison of survival analysis and palliative care involvement in patients aged over 70 years choosing conservative management or renal replacement therapy in advanced chronic kidney disease. Palliat. Med. 2013, 27, 829-839. DOI: 10.1177/0269216313484380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand S, Johansen KL, Tamura MK. Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact on Physical Function and Cognition. Journals Gerontol. 2014;69A(3):315-22. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand S, Johansen KL, Tamura MK. Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact on Physical Function and Cognition. Journals Gerontol. 2014;69A(3):315-22. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulighin F, Aucella F, Bellizzi V et al Working Group of Physical Exercise of Italian Society of Nephrology. Physical activity and exercise programs for kidney patients: an Italian survey of nephrology centres. J Nephrol. 2024 Apr;37(3):695-705. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01896-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulighin F, Aucella F, Bellizzi V et al Working Group of Physical Exercise of Italian Society of Nephrology. Physical activity and exercise programs for kidney patients: an Italian survey of nephrology centres. J Nephrol. 2024 Apr;37(3):695-705. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01896-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilkinson TJ, Clarke AL, Nixon DGD et al. Prevalence and correlates of physical activity across kidney disease stages: an observational multicentre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021 Mar 29;36(4):641-649. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilkinson TJ, Clarke AL, Nixon DGD et al. Prevalence and correlates of physical activity across kidney disease stages: an observational multicentre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021 Mar 29;36(4):641-649. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Battaglia Y, Lamberti N, Piva G et al. [Physical exercise in chronic kidney disease: an empty narrative or an effective intervention?] G Ital Nefrol. 2021 Dec 16;38(6):2021-vol6. (In Italian). PMID: 34919791</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Battaglia Y, Lamberti N, Piva G et al. [Physical exercise in chronic kidney disease: an empty narrative or an effective intervention?] G Ital Nefrol. 2021 Dec 16;38(6):2021-vol6. (In Italian). PMID: 34919791</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansen KL Exercise in the end-stage renal disease population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:1845-1854 .DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2007010009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansen KL Exercise in the end-stage renal disease population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:1845-1854. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2007010009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker LA, March DS, Wilkinson TJ et al. Clinical practice guideline exercise and lifestyle in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2022; 23(1):75. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02618-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker LA, March DS, Wilkinson TJ et al. Clinical practice guideline exercise and lifestyle in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2022; 23(1):75. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02618-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwood SA, Lindup H, Taylor K et al. Evaluation of a pragmatic exercise rehabilitation programme in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27:III126-134. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwood SA, Lindup H, Taylor K et al. Evaluation of a pragmatic exercise rehabilitation programme in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27:III126-134. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs272</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yabe H, Kono K, Yamaguchi T et al. Effects of intradialytic exercise for advanced-age patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 22;16(10):e0257918. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yabe H, Kono K, Yamaguchi T et al. Effects of intradialytic exercise for advanced-age patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 22;16(10):e0257918. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вишневский КА, Земченков АЮ, Комашня АВ и соавт. Физические нагрузки во время сеанса гемодиализа: комплаентность и эффекты. Нефрология и диализ. 2009; 11(4).302-309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вишневский КА, Земченков АЮ, Комашня АВ и соавт. Физические нагрузки во время сеанса гемодиализа: комплаентность и эффекты. Нефрология и диализ. 2009; 11(4).302-309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tentori F, Elder SJ, Thumma J et al. Physical exercise among participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): correlates and associated outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25:3050-3062. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tentori F, Elder SJ, Thumma J et al. Physical exercise among participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): correlates and associated outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25:3050-3062. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chin A, Paw MJ, van Uffelen JG et al. The functional effects of physical exercise training in frail older people: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2008;38:781-793. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838090-00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chin A, Paw MJ, van Uffelen JG et al. The functional effects of physical exercise training in frail older people: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2008;38:781-793. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200838090-00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugawara J, Miyachi M, Moreau KL et al. Age-related reductions in appendicular skeletal muscle mass: association with habitual aerobic exercise status. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2002;22:169-172. DOI: 10.1046/j.1475-097x.2002.00413.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugawara J, Miyachi M, Moreau KL et al. Age-related reductions in appendicular skeletal muscle mass: association with habitual aerobic exercise status. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2002;22:169-172. DOI: 10.1046/j.1475-097x.2002.00413.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taryana AA, Krishnasamy R, Bohm C et al. Physical activ ity for people with chronic kidney disease: an international sur vey of nephrologist practice patterns and research priorities. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e03232. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taryana AA, Krishnasamy R, Bohm C et al. Physical activ ity for people with chronic kidney disease: an international sur vey of nephrologist practice patterns and research priorities. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e03232 . DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032322</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villanego F, Arroyo D, Martínez-Majolero V et al. en representación del Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal (GEMEFER). Importance of physical exercise prescription in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the survey of the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal [Spanish Multidisciplinary Group of Physical Exercise in Kidney Patients] (GEMEFER). Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2023 Jan-Feb;43(1):126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.03.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villanego F, Arroyo D, Martínez-Majolero V et al. en representación del Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal (GEMEFER). Importance of physical exercise prescription in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the survey of the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Ejercicio Físico en el Enfermo Renal [Spanish Multidisciplinary Group of Physical Exercise in Kidney Patients] (GEMEFER). Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2023 Jan-Feb;43(1):126-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.03.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayat Ali AS, Lim SK, Tang LY et al. The effectiveness of nurse-led self-management support program for people with chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 (CKD-NLSM): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Sci Prog. 2021 Apr-Jun;104(2):368504211026159. DOI: 10.1177/00368504211026159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayat Ali AS, Lim SK, Tang LY et al. The effectiveness of nurse-led self-management support program for people with chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 (CKD-NLSM): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Sci Prog. 2021 Apr-Jun;104(2):368504211026159. DOI: 10.1177/00368504211026159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 1977; 84(2): 191-215. DOI: 10.1037//0033-295x.84.2.191</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 1977; 84(2): 191-215. DOI: 10.1037//0033-295x.84.2.191</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong A, Chando S, Crowe S,et al. Research priority setting in kidney disease: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65(5): 674-83. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong A, Chando S, Crowe S,et al. Research priority setting in kidney disease: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65(5): 674-83. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devins GM, Mendelssohn DC, Barre PE et al. Predialysis psychoeducational intervention extends survival in CKD: a 20-year follow-up. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 46(6): 1088-1098. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.08.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devins GM, Mendelssohn DC, Barre PE et al. Predialysis psychoeducational intervention extends survival in CKD: a 20-year follow-up. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 46(6): 1088-1098. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.08.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips RL, Short A, Kenning A et al. Achieving patient-centred care: the potential and challenge of the patient-as-professional role. Health Expect. 2015; 18(6): 2616-2628. DOI: 10.1111/hex.12234</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips RL, Short A, Kenning A et al. Achieving patient-centred care: the potential and challenge of the patient-as-professional role. Health Expect. 2015; 18(6): 2616-2628. DOI: 10.1111/hex.12234</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dai L, Mukai H, Lindholm B et al. Clinical global assessment of nutritional status as predictor of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS ONE. 2017, 12, e0186659. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186659</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dai L, Mukai H, Lindholm B et al. Clinical global assessment of nutritional status as predictor of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS ONE. 2017, 12, e0186659. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186659</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He W, Connolly ED, Cross HR et al. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes for mitigating sarcopenia in humans. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2024;65(13), 2538-2561. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He W, Connolly ED, Cross HR et al. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes for mitigating sarcopenia in humans. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2024;65(13), 2538-2561. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishaq I, Noreen S, Maduabuchi Aja P, Atoki AV. Role of protein intake in maintaining muscle mass composition among elderly females suffering from sarcopenia. Front Nutr. 2025 May 12;12:1547325. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1547325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishaq I, Noreen S, Maduabuchi Aja P, Atoki AV. Role of protein intake in maintaining muscle mass composition among elderly females suffering from sarcopenia. Front Nutr. 2025 May 12;12:1547325. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1547325</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;38(1):10-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;38(1):10-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024 Apr;105(4S):S117-S314. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024 Apr;105(4S):S117-S314. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenihan-Geels, G., Bishop, K.S. Alternative Origins for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Diet. In: Zanwar, A.A., Adekar, S.P., Hegde, M.V. (eds) Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-84200-9_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenihan-Geels, G., Bishop, K.S. Alternative Origins for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Diet. In: Zanwar, A.A., Adekar, S.P., Hegde, M.V. (eds) Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-84200-9_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stepień AE, Trojniak J, Tabarkiewicz J. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1226. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepień AE, Trojniak J, Tabarkiewicz J. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1226. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26031226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dupont J, Dedeyne L, Dalle S et al. The role of omega-3 in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31.825-836. DOI:10.1007/s40520-019-01146-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupont J, Dedeyne L, Dalle S et al. The role of omega-3 in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31.825-836. DOI:10.1007/s40520-019-01146-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashid A, Chaudhary Hauge S, Suetta C, Hansen D. Sarcopenia and risk of osteoporosis, falls and bone fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0262572. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262572</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashid A, Chaudhary Hauge S, Suetta C, Hansen D. Sarcopenia and risk of osteoporosis, falls and bone fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0262572. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koundourakis NE, Avgoustinaki PD, Malliaraki N, Margioris AN. Muscular effects of vitamin D in young athletes and non-athletes and in the elderly. Hormones. 2017;15:471-488. DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1705</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koundourakis NE, Avgoustinaki PD, Malliaraki N, Margioris AN. Muscular effects of vitamin D in young athletes and non-athletes and in the elderly. Hormones. 2017;15:471-488. DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1705</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, SY., Yoo, JI. Soybean isoflavones potentially prevent sarcopenia: a systematic review. J. Ethn. Food. 2023; 10. 48. DOI:10.1186/s42779-023-00210-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, SY., Yoo, JI. Soybean isoflavones potentially prevent sarcopenia: a systematic review. J. Ethn. Food. 2023; 10. 48. DOI:10.1186/s42779-023-00210-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang YC, Chen YT, Liu HW et al. Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 May;63(10):e1801102. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang YC, Chen YT, Liu HW et al. Oligonol Alleviates Sarcopenia by Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Protein Turnover and Mitochondrial Quality. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 May;63(10):e1801102. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
