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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-4-392-404</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3909</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические особенности и исходы атипичного гемолитико-уремического синдрома в зависимости от генетического профиля системы комплемента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical evidence and outcomes of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in terms of genetic complement abnormalities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-5695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Екатерина Сергеевна – к.м.н., врач-нефролог нефрологического отделения №1 ГБУЗ </p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Ivanova</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerineiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-8524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томилина Наталья Аркадьевна – д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедры нефрологии; врач-нефролог клинико-диагностического нефрологического отделения </p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3; 127473, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Tomilina</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182; 4 Dolgorukovskaya Str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natomilina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-8348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столяревич Екатерина Сергеевна – д.м.н., проф. кафедры нефрологии; врач-патологоанатом отделения патологической анатомии</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3; 127473, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Stolyarevich</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182; 4 Dolgorukovskaya Str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-7374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котенко Олег Николаевич – д.м.н., главный внештатный специалист нефролог ДЗМ, руководитель Научно-практического центра нефрологии и патологии трансплантированной почки</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Kotenko</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olkotenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-5220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Надия Фяатовна – к.м.н., заместитель главного врача по нефрологической помощи; доцент кафедры нефрологии </p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3; 127473, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadiya F. Frolova</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182; 4 Dolgorukovskaya Str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadiya.frolova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-346X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградов Владимир Евгеньевич – заведующий консультативно-диагностическим нефрологическим отделением</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir E. Vinogradov</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vino-gradoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-0415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердинский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdinsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердинский Виталий Андреевич – заведующий нефрологическим отделением №4 и дневным стационаром</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly A. Berdinsky</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitaly.berdinsky@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-1636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артюхина Людмила Юрьевна – к.м.н., заведующая нефрологическим отделением</p><p>123182, Москва, Пехотная ул., д. 3; 127473, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila Yu. Artyukhina</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str., Moscow, 123182; 4 Dolgorukovskaya Str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arlyu-1404@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital No 52, Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital No 52, Moscow Health Department; The Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>392</fpage><lpage>404</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова Е.С., Томилина Н.А., Столяревич Е.С., Котенко О.Н., Фролова Н.Ф., Виноградов В.Е., Бердинский В.А., Артюхина Л.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова Е.С., Томилина Н.А., Столяревич Е.С., Котенко О.Н., Фролова Н.Ф., Виноградов В.Е., Бердинский В.А., Артюхина Л.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova E.S., Tomilina N.A., Stolyarevich E.S., Kotenko O.N., Frolova N.F., Vinogradov V.E., Berdinsky V.A., Artyukhina L.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3909">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3909</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью нашего ретроспективного исследования явился сравнительный анализ клинического течения и исходов аГУС при различных генетических мутациях или при их отсутствии по материалам собственных наблюдений и в аспекте данных литературы.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 55 пациентов с установленным диагнозом аГУС, наблюдавшихся в МГНПЦ нефрологии и патологии трансплантированной почки МКНИЦ больница №52 в период с января 2014 г. по август 2024 г. Средний возраст пациентов составил 36,4±8,9 лет, соотношение мужчин и женщин 56%/44%.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота генетических мутаций у пациентов с аГУС составила 61%. Чаще всего выявлялись делеции CFHR3/CFHR1 (29%), мутации С3 (20%) и CFH (15%). Пациенты с генетическими мутациями и без них не различались по полу, возрасту, наличию полной триады ТМА, злокачественной артериальной гипертензии (ЗАГ) и экстраренальным проявлениям заболевания (р&gt;0,05). Поражение сердца несколько чаще наблюдалось у пациентов с CFH (24%), а поражение кишечника – у пациентов с CFHR3/CFHR1 (56%), но различия не достигали статистической значимости (р&gt;0,05). Пятилетняя почечная выживаемость достоверно не различалась по наличию или отсутствию генетических мутаций (50% vs. 65% соответственно, р=0,413), как и ЗАГ (38% vs. 64%, р=0,08), а также экстраренальных проявлений (43% vs. 64%, р=0,17). Все пациенты с мутациями СFH в течение 5 лет утратили функцию почек, несмотря на лечение экулизумабом. Достоверное улучшение почечной выживаемости наблюдалось лишь у пациентов, начавших лечение в течение первого месяца от начала заболевания, в сравнении с пациентами с началом лечения экулизумабом спустя месяц и более (89% vs. 11%, соответственно, р=0,0001). Смертность пациентов с аГУС в течение 5 лет наблюдения составила 7%, и на ее уровень не влияли наличие или отсутствие генетических мутаций (0% vs. 16%, р=0,295), ЗАГ (33% и 6%, р&gt;0,5) и экстраренальных проявлений (14% vs. 0%, р=0,451).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Демографические и клинические параметры при генетических мутациях аГУС или при их отсутствии достоверно не различались. Достоверное снижение почечной выживаемости обнаружено у пациентов с мутациями CFH в сравнении с пациентами с делециями CFHR3/CFHR1 и без генетических мутаций. Пятилетняя почечная выживаемость и смертность пациентов не различается в зависимости от других генетических мутаций, ЗАГ и экстраренальных проявлений. Начало лечения экулизумабом в течение первого месяца от дебюта заболевания значимо повышает почечную выживаемость и снижает смертность пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this retrospective study was to comparatively analyze the clinical course and outcomes of aHUS with genetic complement abnormalities using both our own data and published literature.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 55 patients with aHUS (mean age 36.4±8.9 years, 56% male, 44% female) treated between January 2014 and August 2024 at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Nephrology and Pathology of Transplanted Kidney of Moscow City Hospital No 52.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Genetic abnormalities were identified in 61% of patients with aHUS. The most frequently detected variants were CFHR3/CFHR1 (29%), C3 (20%) and CFH (15%). Patients with and without genetic mutations did not differ significantly in sex, age, presence of the full TMA triad, malignant arterial hypertension (MAH), or extrarenal manifestations (р&gt;0.05). Cardiac involvement was more common in patients with CFH variants (24%), and intestinal involvement was more frequent in patients with CFHR3/CFHR1 (56%); however these differences did not reach statistical significance (р&gt;0.05). Five-year renal survival did not differ significantly between patients with or without genetic mutations (50% vs. 65%, respectively, р=0.413), or depending on the presence of MAH (38% vs. 64%, р=0.08) or extrarenal manifestations (43% vs. 64%, р=0.17). All patients with CFH mutation experienced loss of renal function within 5 years despite treatment with eculizumab. A significant improvement in renal survival was observed only in patients who initiated eculizumab therapy within first month of disease onset, compared with those who started treatment after a month or later (89% vs. 11%, respectively, р=0.0001). The five-year mortality rate among patients with aHUS was 7%. Mortality did not differ significantly based on the presence of genetic abnormalities (0% vs. 16%, р=0.295), MAH (33% and 6%, р&gt;0.5) or extrarenal manifestations (14% vs. 0%, р=0.451).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between patients with or without complement-related genetic abnormalities. A pronounced decrease in renal survival was observed found in patients with CFH mutations compared with whose carrying CFHR1/CFHR3 or without genetic mutations. Five-year renal survival and mortality rate were not significantly associated with other genetic variants, MAH, or extrarenal involvement. Early initiation of eculizumab therapy – within the first month after disease onset – markedly improved renal outcomes and reduces mortality.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атипичный гемолитико-уремический синдром</kwd><kwd>тромботическая микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>генетические мутации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome</kwd><kwd>thrombotic microangiopathy</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>genetic mutations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках научно-практического проекта в сфере здравоохранения и медицины ДЗМ (заявка №2002‑27/23) «Применение инновационных подходов к расширению листа ожидания донорской почки, подготовке пациентов к трансплантации (включая больных тромботической микроангиопатией, ТМА) и ведению реципиентов в ранний посттрансплантационный период» при финансовой поддержке гранта АНО «Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the scientific and practical project in the field of healthcare and medicine of the Moscow Health Department (application No. 2002‑27/23) “Application of innovative approaches to expanding the waiting list for a donor kidney, preparing patients for transplantation (including patients with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)) and managing recipients in the early posttransplant period” with financial support from a grant from the ANO “Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fakhouri F, Zuber J, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Loirat C. 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