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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-4-425-432</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3912</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Баллон-ассистированный тромболизис в лечении тромбоза нативной артерио-венозной фистулы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Balloon-assisted thrombolysis in native vascular access thrombosis treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-6733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняков</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniakov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняков Илья Сергеевич – врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения сосудистой хирургии (в том числе для трансплантации почки), врач рентген-эндоваскулярный хирург отделения рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения </p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, проспект Луначарского, д. 45, корп. 1, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Sergeevich Chernyakov</p><p>Lunacharskogo str. 45 – 1, Saint-Petersburg, 194291</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernyakovis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-0309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>P. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимиров Павел Александрович – врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург, заведующий отделением сосудистой хирургии (в том числе для трансплантации почки) </p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, проспект Луначарского, д. 45, корп. 1, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Aleksandrovich Vladimirov</p><p>Lunacharskogo str. 45 – 1, Saint-Petersburg, 194291</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirov.pa@lokb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-2503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марченков Александр Александрович – врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения сосудистой хирургии (в том числе для трансплантации почки) </p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, проспект Луначарского, д. 45, корп. 1, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Marchenkov</p><p>Lunacharskogo str. 45 – 1, Saint-Petersburg, 194291</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marchenkov.aa@lokb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8934-5131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богомолов Данил Викторович – врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения плановой и экстренной консультативной медицинской помощи</p><p>194291, Санкт-Петербург, проспект Луначарского, д. 45, корп. 1, лит. А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil Viktorovich Bogomolov</p><p>Lunacharskogo str. 45 – 1, Saint-Petersburg, 194291</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogomoldani@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Ленинградская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Leningrad State medical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>432</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черняков И.С., Владимиров П.А., Марченков А.А., Богомолов Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черняков И.С., Владимиров П.А., Марченков А.А., Богомолов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherniakov I.S., Vladimirov P.А., Marchenkov A.A., Bogomolov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3912">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3912</self-uri><abstract><p>Нативная артерио-венозная фистула (АВФ) остается «золотым стандартом» постоянного сосудистого доступа для гемодиализа у пациентов с терминальной стадией хронической болезни почек (ХБП). Однако тромбоз АВФ представляет собой частое и серьезное осложнение, приводящее к потере доступа, необходимости имплантации центрального венозного катетера, повышающее риск инфекционных осложнений и смертности, что диктует необходимость в поиске эффективных и безопасных методов лечения тромбоза. Эндоваскулярные методы, в частности, баллон-ассистированный тромболизис, являются перспективным направлением в решении данной проблемы.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить непосредственные и отдаленные результаты применения методики баллон-ассистированного тромболизиса у пациентов с тромбозом нативной АВФ. Материалы и методы: проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 34 пациентов с терминальной стадией ХБП, перенесших эндоваскулярное лечение по поводу тромбоза нативной АВФ в период с 2020 по 2023 год. Для статистической обработки результатов оценки проходимости использовался метод Каплана-Мейера. Статистический анализ включал медианы первичной и первично-ассистированной проходимости с расчетом 95% доверительного интервала (ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: первичная проходимость доступов составила 11,5 (95% ДИ [5,19; 8,48]) месяцев, при этом для АВФ с локализацией на предплечье этот показатель был выше – 13,0 (95% ДИ [5,38; 10,53]) месяцев, по сравнению с 11,0 (95% ДИ [4,08; 8,79]) месяцев для АВФ с локализацией на плече. Технический успех вмешательства достигнут в 97% случаев. Показатели первично-ассистированной проходимости через 6, 10 и 12 месяцев наблюдения составили 97%, 64% и 50%, соответственно. При этом к 12-му месяцу наблюдения все АВФ на плече утратили проходимость, в то время как на предплечье – только 21% (p&lt;0,001). Среди интраоперационных осложнений перфорация вены диагностирована в 15% случаев, а резидуальные тромбы – в 32% случаев, при этом отмечался их полный лизис к 4-й неделе наблюдения. Серьезных осложнений, таких как тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) или дистальная эмболия артерий конечности, не зафиксировано.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: баллон-ассистированный тромболизис является высокоэффективным и безопасным методом восстановления проходимости тромбированной нативной АВФ с высоким процентом технического успеха. Локализация доступа на предплечье ассоциирована с достоверно лучшими отдаленными результатами первично-ассистированной проходимости по сравнению с доступами на плече.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the gold standard for permanent vascular access in hemo­dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, AVF thrombosis is a common and serious complication that leads to access loss and increases the risk of infections and mortality due to the need for central venous access implantation. This highlights the necessity for effective and safety treatment methods. Endovascular techniques, particularly balloon-assisted thrombolysis, represent a promising approach to this problem.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To evaluate the immediate and long-term outcomes of balloon-assisted thrombolysis in patients with thrombosed native AVF.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 34 ESRD patients who underwent endovascular treatment for native AVF thrombosis between 2020 and 2023 was conducted. Patency rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical analysis included calculation of median primary and primary-assisted patency with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The overall primary patency was 11.5 (95% CI [5.19, 8.48]) months. Forearm AVFs demonstrated superior primary patency at 13.0 months (95% CI [5.38, 10.53]) compared with 11.0 months (95% CI [4.08, 8.79]) for upper arm AVFs. The technical success rate was 97%. Primary-assisted patency at 6, 10, and 12 months was 97%, 64%, and 50%, respectively. By 12-month, all upper arm AVFs had lost patency, whereas only 21% of forearm AVFs had thrombosed (p&lt;0.001). Intraoperative complications included venous perforation (15%) with complete resolution of residual thrombi (32%), with complete resolution of residual thrombi by the 4th week of follow-up. No major complications, such as pulmonary embolism or distal arterial embolism, were recorded.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Balloon-assisted thrombolysis is a highly effective and safe method for restoring patency in thrombosed native AVFs, achieving a high technical success rate. Forearm access location is an important prognostic factor and is associated with significantly better long-term primary-assisted patency outcomes compared with upper arm fistulas.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артерио-венозная фистула</kwd><kwd>баллонная ангиопластика</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>тромболизис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arteriovenous fistula</kwd><kwd>balloon angioplasty</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>thrombolysis</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без внешнего финансирования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lok C.E., Huber T.S., Lee T., et al. 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DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2006.00196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
