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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-4-433-442</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3913</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мнения о физических упражнениях и реабилитации пациентов с ХБП: результаты опроса среди практикующих нефрологов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Opinions on exercise and rehabilitation of patients with CKD: survey results among practicing nephrologists</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-4711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskii</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишневский Константин Александрович – канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением диализа Городского нефрологического центра; ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56; 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vishnevskii Konstantin Alexandrovich</p><p>56, Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014; 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vishnevskii2022@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2309-8083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимчук</surname><given-names>Р. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimchuk</surname><given-names>R. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимчук Роман Павлович – канд. мед. наук, нефролог отделения диализа Городского нефрологического центра; доцент кафедры внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации </p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56; 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gerasimchuk Roman Pavlovich</p><p>56, Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014; 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romger@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-3380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земченков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemchenkov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Земченков Александр Юрьевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент, нефролог отделения диализа Городского нефрологического центра</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zemchenkov Alexander Yuryevich</p><p>56, Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kletk@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тиховская</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhovskaya</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тиховская Ульяна Александровна – заведующая отделением физических методов лечения</p><p>191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tikhovskaya Ulyana Alexandrovna</p><p>56, Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg, 191014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulyana812008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ряснянский</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryasnyansky</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ряснянский Владимир Юрьевич – канд. мед. наук, медицинский директор группы компаний; доцент кафедры нефрологии и диализа</p><p>199178, Санкт-Петербург, 18-я линия В.О., д. 29, лит 3;  197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ryasnyansky Vladimir Yuryevich</p><p>29, lit. 3, 18th line V.O., Saint Petersburg, 199178; 6-8 Lva Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryasn2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»;  ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital; Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НефроМед»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NefroMed LLC; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>433</fpage><lpage>442</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишневский К.А., Герасимчук Р.П., Земченков А.Ю., Тиховская У.А., Ряснянский В.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишневский К.А., Герасимчук Р.П., Земченков А.Ю., Тиховская У.А., Ряснянский В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnevskii K.A., Gerasimchuk R.P., Zemchenkov A.Y., Tikhovskaya U.A., Ryasnyansky V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3913">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3913</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Увеличение физической активности у пациентов с ХБП связано с рядом доказанных положительных эффектов. Однако стандартная клиническая практика редко включает программы физической реабилитации, и причины этого остаются неясными. Целью исследования было изучение мнений нефрологов в отношении физических упражнений и физической активности пациентов с ХБП.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Анонимный опрос среди нефрологов амбулаторных отделений диализа в период с мая по июль 2025 года.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В опросе приняли участие 98 врачей центров диализа. Средний возраст респондентов составил 42(10) года, стаж работы 14(9) лет. Респонденты сами нечасто занимались физической активностью – медиана 1 раз в неделю (&lt;1 – 2‑3 раза), но 52% из них часто спрашивают об этом у своих пациентов и 45% дают регулярные рекомендации. В 60% центров отсутствуют программы физической реабилитации пациентов, в 24% они существуют для гемодиализных пациентов. Препятствиями развитию программ респонденты считают отсутствие финансирования (58% ответивших), проблемы с транспортировкой (44%), отсутствие желания пациентов (36%); в меньшей степени – отношение руководителя центра (31%) и персонала (29%). Респонденты считают полезными ходьбу (97%), плавание (67%), езду на велосипеде (46%), упражнения на гибкость (39%), координацию (29%). Консультировать пациентов по физической активности должны физиотерапевты (80%), нефрологи (56%), психологи (34%), диетологи и медицинские сестры (по 27%); 19% считает, что это задача для всех перечисленных специалистов. Только 39% респондентов полностью согласны с тем, что регулярные физические упражнения полезны для здоровья у пациентов с продвинутыми стадиями ХБП и на ЗПТ. Чаще всего (15%) сомнения возникают в отношении преддиализных стадий ХБП.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Существует критический дефицит доступности программ физических упражнений для пациентов с ХБП. К основным препятствиям относятся отсутствие интереса со стороны персонала и руководства центров, проблемы с финансированием; очевиден пробел в знаниях по физической реабилитации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Increased physical activity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with numerous proven benefits. However, physical rehabilitation programs are rarelu integrated into standard clinical practice, and the reasons for this remain unclear. The study aimed to explore nephrologist’s opinions regarding exercise and physical activity in patients with CKD.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. An anonymous survey was conducted among nephrologists working in outpatient dialysis units in the between May and July 2025.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 98 physicians from dialysis centers participated in the survey. The average age of respondents was 42(10) years, and their work experience was 14(9) years. Respondents themselves engaged in physical activity infrequently (median 1 time per week (&lt;1 – 2‑3 times), yet 52% regularly ask their patients about activity levels, and 45% provide regular recommendations. Sixty percent of centers lacked physical rehabilitation programs, while 24% offered them for hemodialysis patients. Respondents identified the main barriers to program development as lack of funding (58%), transportation issues (44%), and lack of patients motivation (36%); less frequently, barriers included the attitude of the center management (31%) and staff (29%). The most recommended activities included walking (97%), swimming (67%), cycling (46%), flexibility exercises (39%), and coordination (29%). Regarding guidance, respondents believed physiotherapists (80%), nephrologists (56%), psychologists (34%), nutritionists, and nurses (27% each) should advise patients on physical activity, with 19% suggesting all listed specialists. Only 39% fully agreed that regular exercise is beneficial for patients with advanced stages of CKD and those on renal replacement theraphy, with most doubts (15%) arising in the predialysis stages.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. There is a critical shortage of exercise programs for patients with CKD. Key obstacles include limited interest from staff and management of the centers, insufficient funding and gaps in knowledge about physical rehabilitation. Greater attention to these factors is essential to integrate structured exercise into CKD care.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диализ</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>физическая реабилитация</kwd><kwd>физические упражнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dialysis</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>physical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>exercises</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без внешних источников финансирования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study had no external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurella Tamura M, Covinsky KE, Chertow GM et al. Functional status of elderly adults before and after initiation of dialysis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1539–47. 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