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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2026-1-73-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3979</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболизм триптофана изменен при иммуноглобулин А нефропатии и ассоциирован с клиническими проявлениями болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tryptophan metabolism is altered in immunoglobulin A nephropathy and is associated with clinical manifestations of the disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-876X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочоян</surname><given-names>З. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochoyan</surname><given-names>Z. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кочоян Зинаида Шакроевна – врач‑нефролог нефрологического отделения №3 НИИ Нефрологии НКИЦ ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СПб ГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida Sh. Kochoyan.</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinshak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-9626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelieva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савельева Елена Игоревна – д‑р хим. наук, зав. лабораторией аналитической токсикологии ФГУП "НИИ ГПЭЧ" ФМБА России.</p><p>188663, Ленинградская обл., г.п. Кузьмоловский, ст. Капитолово, 93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Savelieva.</p><p>188663, Leningrad Region, 93, Kuzmolovskoye</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saveleva@rihophe.site</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-4870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шачнева</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shachneva</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шачнева Мария Дмитриевна – канд. хим. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории аналитической токсикологии ФГУП "НИИ ГПЭЧ" ФМБА России.</p><p>188663, Ленинградская обл., г.п. Кузьмоловский, ст. Капитолово, 93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria D. Shachneva.</p><p>188663, Leningrad Region, 93, Kuzmolovskoye</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shachneva_mariya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4804-5574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алюшина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyushina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алюшина Татьяна Игоревна – канд. хим. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории аналитической токсикологии ФГУП "НИИ ГПЭЧ" ФМБА России.</p><p>188663, Ленинградская обл., г.п. Кузьмоловский, ст. Капитолово, 93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Alyushina.</p><p>188663, Leningrad Region, 93, Kuzmolovskoye</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aliushinatatiana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-7392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Ольга Владимировна – доцент, кандидат биологических наук, зав. лабораторией биохимического гомеостаза НИИ Нефрологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СПб ГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Galkina.</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovgalkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добронравов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobronravov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Добронравов Владимир Александрович – д‑р мед. наук, профессор, директор НИИ Нефрологии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СПб ГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Dobronravov.</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dobronravov@nephrolog.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «НИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочоян З.Ш., Савельева Е.И., Шачнева М.Д., Алюшина Т.И., Галкина О.В., Добронравов В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочоян З.Ш., Савельева Е.И., Шачнева М.Д., Алюшина Т.И., Галкина О.В., Добронравов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochoyan Z.S., Savelieva E.I., Shachneva M.D., Alyushina T.I., Galkina O.V., Dobronravov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3979">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3979</self-uri><abstract><p>Катаболизм ароматических аминокислот тесно связан с иммунным ответом, а их метаболиты играют роль молекулярных мессенджеров, обеспечивающих коммуникацию между микробиомом и иммунным статусом хозяина. Отдельные исследования позволяют предполагать, что патогенез иммуноглобулин А нефропатии (IgAN) может быть связан с изменениями метаболических путей триптофана (Trp).</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проверка гипотезы о вероятных изменениях метаболизма Trp при IgAN средствами нецелевой и целевой метаболомики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в когортное исследование включено 113 пациентов с клинико-морфологическим диагнозом первичной IgAN, которая состояла из двух подгрупп с разной выраженностью функциональных и структурных повреждений органа: с активным/прогрессирующим процессом, не получавших лечения (подгруппа IgAN-A, n=85); с неактивной IgAN/ремиссией (подгруппа IgAN-R, n=28). Контрольные группы включали добровольцев без патологии почек (К1, n=31) и пациентов с невоспалительными гломерулопатиями (К2, n=33). Нецелевое и целевое метаболомные исследования сыворотки крови выполнены методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС) высокого разрешения в режиме положительной и отрицательной ионизации. Оценивали межгрупповые различия исследуемых метаболитов и анализировали их связи с клиническими параметрами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Нецелевой анализ масс-спектрометрических данных показал, что у пациентов с IgAN обмен триптофана был обогащен среди иных путей метаболизма. Достоверные различия установлены в интенсивностях сигналов кинуреновой кислоты (KynA), кинуренина (Kyn), 5-гидрокситриптофана (HTrp), 3-гидроксиантраниловой кислоты, триптамина и индол-3-молочной кислоты (ILA), что указывает на изменения в серотониновом, кинурениновом и индольном путях метаболизма. Целевые исследования показали, что концентрации Trp и его метаболитов существенно отличались у пациентов с IgAN (общая группа, n=113) от контрольных групп. В сравнении с подгруппой IgA-R субъекты с IgAN-A имели более высокие уровни, соотношений КynА:Kyn, Kyn:Trp, КynA:Trp и HTrp:Trp, наряду со снижением триптофана и индоксилуксусной кислоты. В группе IgAN-A выявлены разнообразные связи Trp и его метаболитов c клиническими параметрами. За исключением Trp и индол ацетата (IAA), метаболиты путей Trp отрицательно коррелировали с расчетной скоростью клубочковой фильтрации, артериальным давлением и возрастом. Негативные связи с протеинурией и положительные с уровнем альбумина сыворотки крови имели триптофан и индолацетат. Концентрации триптофана и IAA были обратно связаны с протеинурией и прямо – с уровнем альбумина сыворотки крови; направленность ассоциаций этих клинических показателей и отношений HTrp, Kyn, KynA, NA и ILA к триптофану была противоположной.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: у пациентов с IgAN очевидны изменения метаболизма триптофана, которые связаны с клиническими проявлениями болезни и могут играть существенную роль в ее патогенезе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: the catabolism of aromatic amino acids is closely linked to the immune response. Their metabolites act as molecular messengers, facilitating communication between the microbiome and the immune system. Selected studies suggested that the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) may be associated with alterations in tryptophan (Trp) metabolic pathways.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to test the hypothesis about probable changes in Trp metabolism in IgAN using untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the cohort study included 113 patients with a clinical and morphological diagnosis of primary IgAN, comprised two subgroups: with an active/progressive process who did not receive treatment (IgAN-A, n=85); with inactive IgAN/remission (IgAN-R, n=28). Control groups included healthy volunteers without kidney disease (K1, n=31) and patients with non-inflammatory glomerulopathies (K2, n=33). Untargeted and targeted metabolomics studies of serum were performed using high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS) in positive and negative ionisation mode. Intergroup differences in Trp metabolites were assessed, and their associations with clinical parameters were analysed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: untargeted analysis of mass spectrometric data revealed that tryptophan synthesis and metabolism were enriched among other metabolic pathways in patients with IgAN. Significant differences were found in kynurenic acid (KynA), kynurenine (Kyn), 5-hydroxytryptophan (HTrp), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, tryptamine, and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), suggesting alterations in the serotonin, kynurenine, and indole metabolic pathways. Targeted analyses showed that Trp and its metabolites’ levels differed significantly in patients with IgAN (overall group, n=113) compared to healthy controls. Compared with the IgA-R subgroup, subjects with IgAN-A had higher levels of KynA:Kyn, Kyn:Trp, KynA:Trp, and HTrp:Trp ratios, alongside decreased tryptophan and indoxyacetic acid (IAA). In the IgAN-A group, diverse associations of Trp and its metabolites with clinical parameters were revealed. Except for Trp and indole acetate, metabolites of the Trp pathway were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure, and age. Tryptophan and indole acetate had negative associations with proteinuria and positive associations with serum albumin levels. Tryptophan and IAA concentrations were inversely associated with proteinuria and directly with serum albumin levels; the associations of these clinical indicators and the ratios of HTrp, Kyn, KynA, NA and ILA to tryptophan were opposite.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: In IgAN patients, apparent alterations in tryptophan metabolic pathways are associated with clinical parameters and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболизм триптофана</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулин А нефропатия</kwd><kwd>кинуренин</kwd><kwd>кинуреновая кислота</kwd><kwd>5-гидрокситриптофан</kwd><kwd>индол-3-молочная кислота</kwd><kwd>хромато-масс-спектрометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tryptophan metabolism</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulin A nephropathy</kwd><kwd>kynurenine</kwd><kwd>kynurenic acid</kwd><kwd>5-hydroxytryptophan</kwd><kwd>indole-3-lactic acid</kwd><kwd>HPLC-MS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда №23‑15‑00510 «Альтерации кишечного метаболома как фактора патогенеза IgA‑нефропатии: поисковое исследование».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is supported by the Russian Foundation for Scientific Research, grant №23‑15‑00510 “Intestinal metabolome alteration as a factor in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy: an explorative study”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schena FP, Nistor I. 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