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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2026-1-31-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-3983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологические фенотипы IgA-нефропатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinico-pathological phenotypes of IgA nephropathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-8348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столяревич Екатерина Сергеевна – д‑р мед. наук, врач патологоанатомического отделения ГБУЗ «МКНИЦ Больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; проф. кафедры нефрологии ФПДО ФГБОУ ВО «РУМ» Минздрава России.</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3; 127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Stolyarevich.</p><p>3, Pekhotnaya str., Moscow, 123182; 4, Dolgorukovskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9696-9087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыкова</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykova</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калмыкова Диана Юрьевна – аспирант кафедры нефрологии ФГБОУ ВО «РУМ» Минздрава России; врач‑нефролог клинико‑диагностического центра МЕДСИ на Красной Пресне.</p><p>127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana Yu. Kalmykova.</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalmykova.diu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилинская</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilinskaya</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жилинская Татьяна Ростиславовна – врач клинико‑диагностического отделения ГБУЗ «МКНИЦ Больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы».</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana R. Zhilinskaya.</p><p>3, Pekhotnaya str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatiana.zhilinskaja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-9521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стариков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стариков Дмитрий Валерьевич – врач патологоанатомического отделения ГБУЗ «МКНИЦ Больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы».</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii V. Starikov.</p><p>3, Pekhotnaya str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrij.starikov.6991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Moscow Clinical Research Center Hospital 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department»; Federal state institution «Russian university of medicine», Chair of Nephrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state institution «Russian university of medicine», Chair of Nephrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Moscow Clinical Research Center Hospital 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столяревич Е.С., Калмыкова Д.Ю., Жилинская Т.Р., Стариков Д.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столяревич Е.С., Калмыкова Д.Ю., Жилинская Т.Р., Стариков Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stolyarevich E.S., Kalmykova D.Y., Zhilinskaya T.R., Starikov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3983">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/3983</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования было сопоставление основных клинико-демографических показателей с морфологическими параметрами, определёнными по критериям MEST-C Оксфордской классификации, с их дополнительной количественной оценкой и последующим выделением основных клинико-морфологических фенотипов IgA-нефропатии (IgA-Н).</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включено 2679 пациентов с морфологически верифицированной IgA-нефропатией. Средний возраст составил 35,3±13 лет, М/Ж – 64/36%. Клинико-лабораторные показатели (уровень гематурии, суточной протеинурии и сывороточного креатинина) оценивались на момент выполнения биопсии. Морфологическое исследование включало определение критериев MEST-C Оксфордской классификации, количественную оценку интерстициального фиброза и атрофии канальцев (ИФТА), глобального и сегментарного гломерулосклероза, клеточных/фиброзно-клеточных и фиброзных полулуний, а также описанием структурных изменений с выделением основных морфологических профилей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На момент выполнения биопсии медиана протеинурии составляла 2,1 (0,75; 3,0) г/сут, рСКФ – 60,4 (33,3; 84,16) мл/мин, гематурия выявлялась у 88% пациентов. Частота выявления критериев MEST-C: M1 – 37%, Е1 – 21%, S – 73%, Т1 – 37%, Т2 – 16%, С1 – 16,5%, С2 – 2,5%. Выраженность протеинурии коррелировала с критериями E и C, распространенностью ИФТА и гломерулосклероза (полного и сегментарного). Коэффициент корреляции оказался более высоким при количественной (%) оценке показателей С и S: 0,17 vs 0,24 и 0,07 vs 0,23, соответственно. рСКФ и уровень креатинина коррелировали с распространенностью нефросклероза и наличием полулуний. На основании оценки морфологических профилей и клинико-морфологических корреляций были выделены 3 фенотипа IgA-нефропатии, отличающихся по своим клиническим и морфологическим проявлениям, что вероятно отражает преобладание различных механизмов ее развития и прогрессирования.</p><p>Фенотип 1 (типичный) – характеризующийся мезангиальной пролиферация и/или сегментарным гломерулосклерозом. Клинически проявляется персистирующей микрогематурией, постепенно нарастающей протеинурией и АГ.</p><p>Фенотип 2 (агрессивный) – характеризующийся эндокапиллярной гиперклеточностью с или без полулуний. Клинически протекает с картиной острого нефритического синдрома, выраженной протеинурией, зачастую нефротического уровня, и гематурией.</p><p>Фенотип 3 (макрогематурический) – характеризующийся локальным некрозом капиллярных петель и образованием полулуний без сопутствующей эндокапиллярной гиперклеточности. Клинически проявляется эпизодами макрогематурии. В стадии ремиссии у пациентов мочевой синдром как правило отсутствует, и функция почек остается нормальной.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Идентификация клинико-морфологического фенотипа IgA-Н у конкретного пациента представляется перспективным подходом, позволяющим персонализировать терапию и более точно оценивать риск прогрессирования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The present study aimed to compare key demographic and clinical parameters with morphological features defined by the Oxford MEST-C classification, supplemented by additional quantitative assessment, in order to identify the principal clinico-morphological phenotypes of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included 2,679 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. The mean age was 35.3±13 years. Clinical and laboratory variables (degree of hematuria, 24-hour proteinuria, and serum creatinine) were assessed at the time of biopsy. Morphological evaluation comprised Oxford MESTC scoring, quantitative assessment of of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA), global and segmental glomerulosclerosis, cellular/fibrocellular and fibrous crescents.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At the time of biopsy, median proteinuria was 2.1 g/day (IQR: 0.75-3.0), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 60.4 mL/min (IQR: 33.3-84.16). Hematuria was detected in 88% of patients. The distribution of Oxford MEST-C lesions was as follows: M1, 37%; E1, 21%; S, 73%; T1, 37%; T2, 16%; C1, 16.5%; C2, 2.5%. The severity of proteinuria correlated with E and C lesions, as well as the extent of IFTA and both global and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Correlation coefficients were higher when lesions C and S were quantified (% involvement): 0.17 vs 0.24 and 0.07 vs 0.23, respectively. Decline in eGFR were associated with the degree of IFTA and the presence of crescents.</p><p>Based on clinicopathological correlations and morphological profiling, three distinct phenotypes of IgAN, likely reflecting different dominant mechanisms of disease progression, were identified:</p></sec><sec><title>Phenotype 1</title><p>Phenotype 1: (Typical): Defined by mesangial proliferation and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clinically characterized by persistent microhematuria, gradually increasing proteinuria, and arterial hypertension.</p></sec><sec><title>Phenotype 2</title><p>Phenotype 2: (Aggressive): Defined by endocapillary hypercellularity with or without crescents. Clinically associated with acute nephritic syndrome, marked proteinuria – often at nephrotic range – and hematuria.</p></sec><sec><title>Phenotype 3</title><p>Phenotype 3: (Macrohematuric): Defined by focal necrosis of capillary loops and crescent formation in the absence of endocapillary hypercellularity. Clinically manifests with episodes of macroscopic hematuria; during remission, urinary abnormalities are typically absent and renal function remains preserved.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Identification of clinicopathological phenotypes in IgAN represents a promising strategy for personalizing therapy and refining prognostic assessment, thereby improving risk stratification for disease progression.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>IgA-нефропатия</kwd><kwd>биопсия почки</kwd><kwd>клинические проявления</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>клинико-морфологические фенотипы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IgA nephropathy</kwd><kwd>kidney biopsy</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestation</kwd><kwd>pathology</kwd><kwd>clinicopathological phenotypes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта АНО «Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении» на реализацию научно‑практического проекта в сфере медицины: «Изучение предикторов неблагоприятного исхода и разработка инновационных подходов к персонифицированной терапии иммуноглобулин А (IgA) нефропатии» (номер 0209‑20/25).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by a grant from the ANO "Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare" for the implementation of a scientific and practical project in the field of medicine: "Study of predictors of a stable outcome and development of innovative approaches to personalized therapy of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy" (number 0209‑20/25).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schena FP, Nistor I. 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