<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2026-2-267-279</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-4016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром непереносимости нефункционирующего почечного трансплантата: факторы риска, клинико-морфологические характеристики и возможности ультразвуковой диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Graft intolerance syndrome: risk factors, clinical and pathological features, ultrasound diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2953-5570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белавина</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belavina</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белавина Наталья Ивановна – канд. мед. наук, врач отделения ультразвуковой и функциональной диагностики ГБУЗ «МКНИЦ Больница 52 ДЗМ».</p><p>123182, Пехотная ул., 3, Москва, РФ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Belavina</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str, 123182, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natbelavina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-8348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столяревич Екатерина Сергеевна – д-р мед. наук, врач патологоанатомического отделения ГБУЗ «МКНИЦ Больница 52 ДЗМ» Москва; профессор кафедры нефрологии НОИ клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» МЗ РФ.</p><p>123182, Пехотная ул., 3, Москва, РФ; 127006, Делегатская ул., 20/1, Москва, РФ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Stolyarevich</p><p>3/2 Pekhotnaya Str, 123182, Moscow; 1 Delegatskaya str., 127473, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stolyarevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52 ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Clinical Science and Research Center 52 of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-исследовательский центр Больница 52 ДЗМ»; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Clinical Science and Research Center 52 of Moscow Healthcare Department; Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белавина Н.И., Столяревич Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белавина Н.И., Столяревич Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belavina N.I., Stolyarevich E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/4016">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/4016</self-uri><abstract><p>Ежегодный рост числа аллотрансплантаций почки сопровождается отсроченным увеличением популяции пациентов с нефункционирующим почечным трансплантатом. Около 10% пациентов, начинающих лечение программным гемодиализом, имеют нефункционирующий почечный трансплантат и продолжают получать иммуносупрессивную терапию. В результате формируется устойчивая группа пациентов с повышенным риском инфекционных и гемодиализ-ассоциированных осложнений. Несмотря на активное обсуждение междисциплинарных подходов к ведению реципиентов после утраты функции трансплантата, общепринятые консенсусные рекомендации в настоящее время отсутствуют.</p><p>Синдром непереносимости нефункционирующего почечного трансплантата (Graft Intolerance Syndrome, GIS) представляет собой клиническое проявление активации хронического отторжения, развивающееся приблизительно у 30-40% пациентов при быстром снижении дозировок или полной отмене иммуносупрессивной терапии. GIS является наиболее частым показанием к трансплантатэктомии у пациентов с поздней фатальной дисфункцией аллографта; более трети нефункционирующих трансплантатов удаляются вследствие развития данного синдрома.</p><p>В обзоре представлены современные данные литературы, посвящённые патогенезу, клиническим, лабораторным и патоморфологическим проявлениям GIS. Рассмотрены факторы риска развития синдрома, особенности клинической картины и возможности инструментальной диагностики. Обсуждаются результаты патоморфологического исследования удалённых трансплантатов, характеризующиеся выраженным сосудистым компонентом в сочетании с признаками острого и хронического отторжения. Особое внимание уделено ультразвуковым характеристикам почечного трансплантата при GIS. Обсуждается паттерн «сосудистого хаоса»: присутствие активного кровоснабжения нефункционирующего аллографта с нарушенной ангиоархитектоникой, регистрация допплерографических спектров коллатерального и стенотического интраренального кровотока, визуализация перфорирующих сосудов, наличие сети периренальных коллатералей. Представлены варианты GIS-ассоциированных окклюзионно-стенотических поражений магистральных сосудов.</p><p>Также рассмотрены современные подходы к консервативному и хирургическому лечению пациентов с нефункционирующим почечным трансплантатом. Подчёркивается значение комплексной оценки данных допплерографического исследования для оптимизации хирургической тактики и реализации персонализированного подхода к ведению пациентов с GIS и нефункционирующим трансплантатом в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The annual increase in the number of kidney allotransplantations is associated with a delayed rise in the population of patients with nonfunctioning renal allografts. Approximately 10% of patients initiating maintenance hemodialysis have a nonfunctioning kidney transplant and continue to receive immunosuppressive therapy. As a result, a stable cohort of patients with an increased risk of infectious and hemodialysis-associated complications is being formed. Although multidisciplinary approaches to the management of patients after graft failure are actively discussed, universally accepted consensus guidelines are currently lacking.</p><p>Graft Intolerance Syndrome (GIS) is a clinical manifestation of chronic rejection activation that develops in approximately 30-40% of patients following rapid reduction or withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. GIS represents the most common indication for transplantectomy in patients with late allograft dysfunction, with more than one-third of nonfunctioning grafts being removed due to the development of this syndrome.</p><p>This review summarizes current literature data regarding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and histopathological features of GIS. Risk factors for syndrome development, clinical presentation, and the role of instrumental diagnostic methods are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the histopathological characteristics of explanted grafts, which are marked by a pronounced vascular component in combination with features of both acute and chronic rejection. Special emphasis is placed on ultrasonographic findings in renal allografts with GIS, including preserved active perfusion with disturbed angioarchitecture, Doppler patterns of collateral and stenotic blood flow, visualization of perforating vessels, the presence of perirenal collateral vascular networks, and various GIS-associated occlusive and stenotic lesions of major vessels.</p><p>Current conservative and surgical treatment strategies for patients with nonfunctioning renal allografts are also reviewed. The importance of comprehensive Doppler ultrasonography assessment for optimizing surgical management and implementing a personalized approach to patients with GIS and nonfunctioning kidney transplants in general is emphasized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром непереносимости аллографта</kwd><kwd>нефункционирующий почечный трансплантат</kwd><kwd>допплерографическое ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>сосудистое отторжение</kwd><kwd>облитерирующая васкулопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graft intolerance syndrome</kwd><kwd>failed kidney transplant</kwd><kwd>Doppler ultrasound sonography</kwd><kwd>vascular rejection</kwd><kwd>obliterative vasculopathy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность к.м.н. О.В. Манченко и д.м.н. Р.Н. Трушкину – за предоставленный иллюстративный материал, к.м.н. Н.Н. Клочковой и М.В. Лукиной – за помощь в техническом оформлении статьи</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaballo MA, Canney M, O’Kelly P et al. A comparative analysis of survival of patients on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. Clin. Kidney J. 2018;11:389-393. DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaballo MA, Canney M, O’Kelly P et al. A comparative analysis of survival of patients on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. Clin. Kidney J. 2018;11:389-393. DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United States Renal Data System [Internet]. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2023. https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov Accessed October 05, 2025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United States Renal Data System [Internet]. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2023. https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov Accessed October 05, 2025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antón-Pérez G, Gallego-Samper R, Marrero-Robayna S et al. Transplantectomy following renal graft failure. Nefrologia. 2012;32(5):573-578. DOI: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2012.Jun.11100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antón-Pérez G, Gallego-Samper R, Marrero-Robayna S et al. Transplantectomy following renal graft failure. Nefrologia. 2012;32(5):573-578. DOI: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2012.Jun.11100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khakhar AK, Shahinian VB, House AA et al. The impact of allograft nephrectomy on percent panel reactive antibody and clinical outcome. Transplant Proc. 2003;35(2):862-863. DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)04031-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khakhar AK, Shahinian VB, House AA et al. The impact of allograft nephrectomy on percent panel reactive antibody and clinical outcome. Transplant Proc. 2003;35(2):862-863. DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)04031-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill JS, Rose C, Pereira BJ, Tonelli M. The importance of transitions between dialysis and transplantation in the care of end-stage renal disease patients. Kidney Int. 2007;71(5):442-447. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002072</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill JS, Rose C, Pereira BJ, Tonelli M. The importance of transitions between dialysis and transplantation in the care of end-stage renal disease patients. Kidney Int. 2007;71(5):442-447. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplan B, Meier-Kriesche HU. Death after graft loss: an important late study endpoint in kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2002;2(10):970-974. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.21015.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan B, Meier-Kriesche HU. Death after graft loss: an important late study endpoint in kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2002;2(10):970-974. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.21015.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brar A, Markell M, Stefanov DG et al. Mortality after Renal Allograft Failure and Return to Dialysis. Am J Nephrol. 2017;45(2):180-186. DOI: 10.1159/000455015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brar A, Markell M, Stefanov DG et al. Mortality after Renal Allograft Failure and Return to Dialysis. Am J Nephrol. 2017;45(2):180-186. DOI: 10.1159/000455015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan MR, Oza-Gajera B, Chapla K et al. Initial vascular access type in patients with a failed renal transplant. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(7):1225-1231. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.12461213</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan MR, Oza-Gajera B, Chapla K et al. Initial vascular access type in patients with a failed renal transplant. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(7):1225-1231. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.12461213</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnston O, Rose C, Landsberg D et al. Nephrectomy after transplant failure: current practice and outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2007;7(8):1961-1967. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01884.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnston O, Rose C, Landsberg D et al. Nephrectomy after transplant failure: current practice and outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2007;7(8):1961-1967. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01884.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald M. Allograft nephrectomy vs. no nephrectomy for failed renal transplants. Front Nephrol. 2023;3:1169181. DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1169181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald M. Allograft nephrectomy vs. no nephrectomy for failed renal transplants. Front Nephrol. 2023;3:1169181. DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1169181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunthof KLW, Steenbergen EJ, Hilbrands LB. Histopathological examination of removed kidney allografts: Is it useful? A retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int. 2020;33(12):1693-1699. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13724</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunthof KLW, Steenbergen EJ, Hilbrands LB. Histopathological examination of removed kidney allografts: Is it useful? A retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int. 2020;33(12):1693-1699. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13724</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis S, Mohan S. Managing Patients with Failing Kidney Allograft: Many Questions Remain. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(3):444-451. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.14620920</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis S, Mohan S. Managing Patients with Failing Kidney Allograft: Many Questions Remain. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(3):444-451. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.14620920</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delgado P, Diaz F, Gonzalez A et al. Intolerance syndrome in failed renal allografts: incidence and efficacy of percutaneous embolization. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;46(2):339-44. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.04.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delgado P, Diaz F, Gonzalez A et al. Intolerance syndrome in failed renal allografts: incidence and efficacy of percutaneous embolization. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;46(2):339-44. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.04.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cofan F, Real MI, Vilardell J et al. Percutaneous renal artery embolisation of non-functioning renal allografts with clinical intolerance. Transpl Int. 2002;15(4):149-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00147-002-0390-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cofan F, Real MI, Vilardell J et al. Percutaneous renal artery embolisation of non-functioning renal allografts with clinical intolerance. Transpl Int. 2002;15(4):149-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00147-002-0390-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause I, Cleper R, Belenky A et al. Graft intolerance syndrome in children with failed kidney allografts--clinical presentation, treatment options and outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(12):4036-4040. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn362</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause I, Cleper R, Belenky A et al. Graft intolerance syndrome in children with failed kidney allografts--clinical presentation, treatment options and outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(12):4036-4040. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn362</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белавина НИ, Трушкин РН, Артюхина ЛЮ и соавт. Роль ультразвукового исследования нефункционирующего почечного трансплантата в структуре обследования паци­ентов с синдромом непереносимости аллографта. Серия клинических наблюдений. Нефрология и диализ. 2023;25(3): 401-412. DOI: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-3-401-412 (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belavina NI, Trushkin RN, Artyukhina LYu et al. Ultrasound examination of failed renal transplant in patients with graft intolerance syndrome. Case series. Nephrology and dialysis. 2023;25(3):401-412. DOI: 10.28996/2618-9801-2023-3-401-412 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parra Collado M, Gandía Ureña P, Gavela Martínez E et al. Graft Intolerance Syndrome Complicates Retransplantation. Transplant Proc. 2025;57(1):30-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.11.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parra Collado M, Gandía Ureña P, Gavela Martínez E et al. Graft Intolerance Syndrome Complicates Retransplantation. Transplant Proc. 2025;57(1):30-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.11.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларионова СН, Ветшева НН, Белавина НИ и соавт. Особенности ультразвукового исследования нефункцио­нирующего почечного трансплантата у пациента с синдро­мом непереносимости аллографта. REJR 2024;14(4): 214-224. DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2024-14-4-214-224 (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larionova SN, Vetsheva NN, Belavina NI et al. Features of ultrasonic study of nonfunctioning renal transplant in a patient with allograft intolerance syndrome. REJR 2024;14(4):214-224. DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2024-14-4-214-224 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коков ЛС, Сторожев РВ, Бочаров СМ и соавт. Опыт эмболизации артерии почечного аллотрансплантата перед нефротрансплантатэктомией в отдаленные сроки после операции. Трансплантология. 2012;(1-2):70-73. DOI: 10.23873/2074-0506-2012-0-1-2-70-73 (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokov LS, Storozhev RV, Bocharov SM et al. Experience in renal allograft artery embolization in the late periods after surgery before nefrotransplantatektomiey. Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation. 2012;(1-2):70-73. DOI: 10.23873/2074-0506-2012-0-1-2-70-73 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunthof KLW, Hazzan M, Hilbrands LB. Review: Management of patients with kidney allograft failure. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2018;32(3):178-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunthof KLW, Hazzan M, Hilbrands LB. Review: Management of patients with kidney allograft failure. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2018;32(3):178-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayus JC, Achinger SG. At the peril of dialysis patients: ignoring the failed transplant. Semin Dial. 2005;18(3):180-184. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18304.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayus JC, Achinger SG. At the peril of dialysis patients: ignoring the failed transplant. Semin Dial. 2005;18(3):180-184. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18304.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augustine JJ, Woodside KJ, Padiyar A et al. Independent of nephrectomy, weaning immunosuppression leads to late sensitization after kidney transplant failure. Transplantation. 2012;94(7):738-743. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182612921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Augustine JJ, Woodside KJ, Padiyar A et al. Independent of nephrectomy, weaning immunosuppression leads to late sensitization after kidney transplant failure. Transplantation. 2012;94(7):738-743. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182612921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomonari M, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto I et al. A Case of Transplant Nephrectomy due to Chronic Graft Intolerance Syndrome. Nephron. 2020;144 Suppl 1:102-107. DOI: 10.1159/000511558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomonari M, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto I et al. A Case of Transplant Nephrectomy due to Chronic Graft Intolerance Syndrome. Nephron. 2020;144 Suppl 1:102-107. DOI: 10.1159/000511558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madore F, Hébert MJ, Leblanc M et al. Determinants of late allograft nephrectomy. Clin Nephrol. 1995;44(5):284-289</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madore F, Hébert MJ, Leblanc M et al. Determinants of late allograft nephrectomy. Clin Nephrol. 1995;44(5):284-289</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunthof KLW, Verhoeks CM, van den Brand JAJG, Hilbrands LB. Graft intolerance syndrome requiring graft nephrectomy after late kidney graft failure: can it be predicted? A retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int. 2018;31(2):220-229. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunthof KLW, Verhoeks CM, van den Brand JAJG, Hilbrands LB. Graft intolerance syndrome requiring graft nephrectomy after late kidney graft failure: can it be predicted? A retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int. 2018;31(2):220-229. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunthof K, Saboerali K, Wetering JV et al. Can We Predict Graft Intolerance Syndrome After Kidney Transplant Failure? External Validation of a Previously Developed Model. Transpl Int. 2023;36:11147. DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunthof K, Saboerali K, Wetering JV et al. Can We Predict Graft Intolerance Syndrome After Kidney Transplant Failure? External Validation of a Previously Developed Model. Transpl Int. 2023;36:11147. DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiberd BA, Belitsky P. The fate of the failed renal transplant. Transplantation. 1995;59(4):645-647</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiberd BA, Belitsky P. The fate of the failed renal transplant. Transplantation. 1995;59(4):645-647</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bayliss GP, Gohh RY, Morrissey PE et al. Immunosuppression after renal allograft failure: a survey of US practices. Clin Transplant. 2013;27(6):895-900. DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayliss GP, Gohh RY, Morrissey PE et al. Immunosuppression after renal allograft failure: a survey of US practices. Clin Transplant. 2013;27(6):895-900. DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alhamad T, Lubetzky M, Lentine KL et al. Kidney recipients with allograft failure, transition of kidney care (KRAFT): A survey of contemporary practices of transplant providers. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(9):3034-3042. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16523</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alhamad T, Lubetzky M, Lentine KL et al. Kidney recipients with allograft failure, transition of kidney care (KRAFT): A survey of contemporary practices of transplant providers. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(9):3034-3042. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16523</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochar GS, Langone AJ. How Should We Manage Renal Transplant Patients with Failed Allografts Who Return to Dialysis? Blood Purif. 2020;49(1-2):228-231. DOI: 10.1159/000505284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochar GS, Langone AJ. How Should We Manage Renal Transplant Patients with Failed Allografts Who Return to Dialysis? Blood Purif. 2020;49(1-2):228-231. DOI: 10.1159/000505284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucisano G, Brookes P, Santos-Nunez E et al. Allosensitization after transplant failure: the role of graft nephrectomy and immunosuppression – a retrospective study. Transpl Int. 2019;32(9):949-959. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucisano G, Brookes P, Santos-Nunez E et al. Allosensitization after transplant failure: the role of graft nephrectomy and immunosuppression – a retrospective study. Transpl Int. 2019;32(9):949-959. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lubetzky M, Tantisattamo E, Molnar MZ et al. The failing kidney allograft: A review and recommendations for the care and management of a complex group of patients. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(9):2937-2949. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lubetzky M, Tantisattamo E, Molnar MZ et al. The failing kidney allograft: A review and recommendations for the care and management of a complex group of patients. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(9):2937-2949. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16717</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goral S, Brukamp K, Ticehurst EH et al. Transplant nephrectomy: histologic findings—a single center study. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40(5):491-8. DOI: 10.1159/000369865</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goral S, Brukamp K, Ticehurst EH et al. Transplant nephrectomy: histologic findings—a single center study. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40(5):491-8. DOI: 10.1159/000369865</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodside KJ, Schirm ZW, Noon KA et al. Fever, infection, and rejection after kidney transplant failure. Transplantation. 2014;97(6):648-653. DOI: 10.1097/01.TP.0000437558.75574.9c</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodside KJ, Schirm ZW, Noon KA et al. Fever, infection, and rejection after kidney transplant failure. Transplantation. 2014;97(6):648-653. DOI: 10.1097/01.TP.0000437558.75574.9c</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh P, Feld RI, Colombe BW et al. Sensitization, pathologic, and imaging findings comparing symptomatic and quiescent failed renal allografts. Clin Transplant. 2014;28(12):1424-1432. DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh P, Feld RI, Colombe BW et al. Sensitization, pathologic, and imaging findings comparing symptomatic and quiescent failed renal allografts. Clin Transplant. 2014;28(12):1424-1432. DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim JK, Han DJ, Cho KS. Post-infectious diffuse venous stenosis after renal transplantation: duplex ultrasonography and CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2002;12 Suppl 3:S118-S120. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1441-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim JK, Han DJ, Cho KS. Post-infectious diffuse venous stenosis after renal transplantation: duplex ultrasonography and CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2002;12 Suppl 3:S118-S120. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-1441-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donahoe PK, Osmond JD, Stewart DR, Hendren WH. Renal parenchymal tolerance to artery occlusion: a time and damage study in rats developing collateral circulation. Ann Surg. 1973; 178:138-142. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197308000-00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donahoe PK, Osmond JD, Stewart DR, Hendren WH. Renal parenchymal tolerance to artery occlusion: a time and damage study in rats developing collateral circulation. Ann Surg. 1973; 178:138-142. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197308000-00005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Love L, Bush IM. Early demonstration of renal collateral arterial suppl. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1968;104(2):296-301. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.104.2.296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Love L, Bush IM. Early demonstration of renal collateral arterial suppl. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1968;104(2):296-301. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.104.2.296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hietala SO, Kunz R. Collateral circulation in stenosis or occlusion of the renal artery. Cardiovasc Radiol. 1979;2(4):249-55. DOI: 10.1007/BF02552071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hietala SO, Kunz R. Collateral circulation in stenosis or occlusion of the renal artery. Cardiovasc Radiol. 1979;2(4):249-55. DOI: 10.1007/BF02552071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hessel SJ, Gerson DE, Bass A et al. Renal collateral blood supply after acute unilateral renal artery occlusion. Invest Radiol. 1975; 10(5):490-9. DOI: 10.1097/00004424-197509000-00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hessel SJ, Gerson DE, Bass A et al. Renal collateral blood supply after acute unilateral renal artery occlusion. Invest Radiol. 1975; 10(5):490-9. DOI: 10.1097/00004424-197509000-00005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi M, Abrams HL, Palmer JM, Obrez I. Collateral arterial development and renal function in experimental renal hypertension: preliminary observations. Invest Radiol. 1968;3(2):108-119. DOI: 10.1097/00004424-196803000-00009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi M, Abrams HL, Palmer JM, Obrez I. Collateral arterial development and renal function in experimental renal hypertension: preliminary observations. Invest Radiol. 1968;3(2):108-119. DOI: 10.1097/00004424-196803000-00009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrams HL. Caldwell Lecture. The collateral circulation: response to ischemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983;140(6):1051-63. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.140.6.1051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrams HL. Caldwell Lecture. The collateral circulation: response to ischemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1983;140(6):1051-63. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.140.6.1051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otrock ZK, Mahfouz RA, Makarem JA, Shamseddine AI. Understanding the biology of angiogenesis: review of the most important molecular mechanisms. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2007;39(2):212-220. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otrock ZK, Mahfouz RA, Makarem JA, Shamseddine AI. Understanding the biology of angiogenesis: review of the most important molecular mechanisms. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2007;39(2):212-220. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yune HY, Klatte EC. Collateral circulation to an ischemic kidney. Radiology. 1976 Jun;119(3):539-46. DOI: 10.1148/119.3.539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yune HY, Klatte EC. Collateral circulation to an ischemic kidney. Radiology. 1976 Jun;119(3):539-46. DOI: 10.1148/119.3.539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meola M, Samoni S, Petrucci I, Ronco C. Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury-Parenchymal Acute Kidney Injury – Vascular Diseases. Contrib Nephrol. 2016;188:48-63. DOI: 10.1159/000445467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meola M, Samoni S, Petrucci I, Ronco C. Clinical Scenarios in Acute Kidney Injury-Parenchymal Acute Kidney Injury – Vascular Diseases. Contrib Nephrol. 2016;188:48-63. DOI: 10.1159/000445467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirano M, Ohta T, Nakata N et al. A case of reocclusion of the renal artery diagnosed by the color Doppler method with evaluation of blood flow direction in the collateral circulation of the kidney in addition to the non-detectable blood signal in the renal artery. J Med Ultrason. 2014;41(4):525-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10396-014-0537-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirano M, Ohta T, Nakata N et al. A case of reocclusion of the renal artery diagnosed by the color Doppler method with evaluation of blood flow direction in the collateral circulation of the kidney in addition to the non-detectable blood signal in the renal artery. J Med Ultrason. 2014;41(4):525-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10396-014-0537-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertolotto M, Quaia E, Galli G et al. Color Doppler sonographic appearance of renal perforating vessels in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000;28(6):267-76. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0096(200007/08) 28:6&lt;267::aid-jcu1&gt;3.0.co;2-p</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertolotto M, Quaia E, Galli G et al. Color Doppler sonographic appearance of renal perforating vessels in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. J Clin Ultrasound. 2000;28(6):267-76. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0096(200007/08) 28:6&lt;267::aid-jcu1&gt;3.0.co;2-p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белавина НИ, Ларионова СН, Ветшева НН и соавт. Ультразвуковое исследование c контрастным усилением почечного трансплантата с острым отторжением: клини­чес­кое наблюдение и обзор литературы. Ультразвуковая и функцио­нальная диагностика. 2025;31(3):27-45. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0771-322 (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belavina NI, Larionova SN, Vetsheva NN et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of kidney allograft in patient with acute rejection. Case report and literature review. Ultrasound &amp; Functional Diagnostics. 2025;31(3):27-45. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0771-322 (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daouk AA, Crummy AB, Schulman EY et al. Renal vein thrombosis in canine kidney transplants. Ann Surg. 1972;175(1):35-40. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197201000-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daouk AA, Crummy AB, Schulman EY et al. Renal vein thrombosis in canine kidney transplants. Ann Surg. 1972;175(1):35-40. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197201000-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McArthur TA, Lockhart ME, Robbin ML. High venous pressure in the main renal vein causing development of peritransplant venous collaterals in renal transplant patients: a rare finding. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(12):1731-1737. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.12.1731</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McArthur TA, Lockhart ME, Robbin ML. High venous pressure in the main renal vein causing development of peritransplant venous collaterals in renal transplant patients: a rare finding. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(12):1731-1737. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.12.1731</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fananapazir G, Moshiri A, Corwin MT, Troppmann C. Venous Neovascularization in a Recipient of a Pediatric Kidney Transplant. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(4):623-625. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.08.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fananapazir G, Moshiri A, Corwin MT, Troppmann C. Venous Neovascularization in a Recipient of a Pediatric Kidney Transplant. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(4):623-625. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.08.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimizu T, Omoto K, Inui M et al. Clinicopathological Analyses of Chronic Renal Allograft Arteriopathy after Kidney Transplantation. Nephron. 2023;147 Suppl 1:22-27. DOI: 10.1159/000531177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimizu T, Omoto K, Inui M et al. Clinicopathological Analyses of Chronic Renal Allograft Arteriopathy after Kidney Transplantation. Nephron. 2023;147 Suppl 1:22-27. DOI: 10.1159/000531177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrahimi P, Liu R, Pober JS. Blood Vessels in Allotransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2015 Jul;15(7):1748-54. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13242</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrahimi P, Liu R, Pober JS. Blood Vessels in Allotransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2015 Jul;15(7):1748-54. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13242</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto N, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto I et al. Kidney Transplant Graftectomy by Severe Mixed-Type Rejection with Acute and Chronic Active Vascular Lesions at Entire Levels of the Renal Vasculature. Nephron. 2020;144 Suppl 1:59-64. DOI: 10.1159/000512144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumoto N, Kobayashi A, Yamamoto I et al. Kidney Transplant Graftectomy by Severe Mixed-Type Rejection with Acute and Chronic Active Vascular Lesions at Entire Levels of the Renal Vasculature. Nephron. 2020;144 Suppl 1:59-64. DOI: 10.1159/000512144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atar E, Belenky A, Neuman-Levin M et al. Nonfunctioning renal allograft embolization as an alternative to graft nephrectomy: report on seven years' experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003;26(1):37-39. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-002-1976-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atar E, Belenky A, Neuman-Levin M et al. Nonfunctioning renal allograft embolization as an alternative to graft nephrectomy: report on seven years' experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2003;26(1):37-39. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-002-1976-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panarese A, D'Anselmi F, De Leonardis M et al. Embolization of the renal artery before graft nephrectomy: a comparing study to evaluate the possible benefits. Updates Surg. 2021;73(6):2375-2380. DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-01018-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panarese A, D'Anselmi F, De Leonardis M et al. Embolization of the renal artery before graft nephrectomy: a comparing study to evaluate the possible benefits. Updates Surg. 2021;73(6):2375-2380. DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-01018-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахтямов РР, Ионин ВП. Нефротрансплантатэктомия с применением рентгенхирургических методов. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2024;23(2):65-75. DOI: 10.52420/umj.23.2.65. EDN: NRTGRT (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhtyamov RR, Ionin VP. Nephrotransplantectomy Using Radiosurgical Techniques. Ural Medical Journal. 2024;23(2):65-75. DOI: 10.52420/umj.23.2.65. EDN: NRTGRT] (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takase HM, Contti MM, Nga HS et al. Nephrectomy Versus Embolization of Non-Functioning Renal Graft: A Systematic Review with a Proportional Meta-Analysis. Ann Transplant. 2018;23:207-217. DOI: 10.12659/AOT.907700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takase HM, Contti MM, Nga HS et al. Nephrectomy Versus Embolization of Non-Functioning Renal Graft: A Systematic Review with a Proportional Meta-Analysis. Ann Transplant. 2018;23:207-217. DOI: 10.12659/AOT.907700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Padilla PK, Afanador D, Gonzalez CG et al. Renal Graft Embolization as a Treatment for Graft Intolerance Syndrome. Transplant Proc. 2020;52(4):1187-1191. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Padilla PK, Afanador D, Gonzalez CG et al. Renal Graft Embolization as a Treatment for Graft Intolerance Syndrome. Transplant Proc. 2020;52(4):1187-1191. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
