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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хроническая болезнь почек у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов (причины, диагностика, принципы ведения)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic kidney disease in hiv-infected patients (causes, diagnosis, principles of management)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">volginagv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджикулиева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhikulieva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>251</fpage><lpage>272</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волгина Г.В., Гаджикулиева М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волгина Г.В., Гаджикулиева М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volgina G.V., Gadzhikulieva M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/439">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/439</self-uri><abstract><p>Продолжающийся рост популяции ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц является отражением двух процессов: высокой частоты новых случаев инфицирования ВИЧ и эффективности комбинированной антиретровирусной терапии в подавлении репликации вируса, а также предотвращения заболеваний, связанных с ВИЧ. Это приводит к улучшению качества жизни, увеличению краткосрочной и среднесрочной выживаемости ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов. На сегодняшний день более 33 миллионов человек в мире инфицированы ВИЧ, и ежегодно регистрируются более 2 миллионов смертей, обусловленных СПИДом. В Российской Федерации количество только зарегистрированных ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц составляет более 1 млн и ежегодно увеличивается на 10%. По данным ЮНЭЙДС и ВОЗ, ВИЧ-ассоциированные заболевания будут оставаться одной из лидирующих причин смерти в ближайшие десятилетия и по-прежнему играть существенную роль в мировых показателях смертности. Это определяется особенностью многолетнего течения ВИЧ-инфекции с более высоким риском развития вторичных и сопутствующих заболеваний, клинически связанных с прогрессирующим снижением иммунитета, а также с поражением различных органов и систем, в том числе и почек. Пациенты с ВИЧ подвергаются риску как острого почечного повреждения, так и хронической болезни почек (ХБП), вторичной по отношению к медикаментозной нефротоксичности, ВИЧ-ассоциированной нефропатии, иммуннокомплексным заболеваниям почек и реже - заболеванию почек при тромботической микроангиопатии. Кроме того, у ВИЧ-положительных пациентов повышен риск заболеваний почек, связанных с коинфекцией вирусными гепатитами В и С, гипертензией, сахарным диабетом. Несмотря на отсутствие рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, представленные рекомендации основываются на общих медицинских рекомендациях и предназначены для унификации подходов к выявлению, диагностике, ведению ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов с ХБП и создания предпосылок решения этих важных задач здравоохранения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The continued growth of the population of HIV-infected individuals is caused by two processes: the high frequency of new cases of HIV infection and the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy which suppresses viral replication, prevents HIV-associated diseases and leads to a better quality of life and increase in the short-term and medium-term survival of HIV-infected patients. To date, over 33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV and more than 2 million AIDS-related deaths are recorded every year. In the Russian Federation only the number of registered HIV-infected people is more than 1 million, and it increases annually by 10%. According to UNAIDS and WHO, HIV-related disease will continue to be one of the leading causes of death in the coming decades, and will play a significant role in global mortality rates. The reason for this is defined by long-term course of HIV infection with a higher risk of developing secondary and opportunistic diseases, clinically associated with a progressive decrease in immunity, as well as the defeat of various organs and systems, including kidneys. Patients with HIV are at risk for both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary to medication nephrotoxicity, HIV-associated nephropathy, immune complex kidney diseases, and, less commonly, kidney disease in the setting of thrombotic microangiopathy. In addition, HIV-positive patients are at increased risk of CKD associated with coinfection with viral hepatitis B and C, hypertension, diabetes. Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials presented recommendations are based on the general health guidelines and are intended to unify approaches to the detection, diagnosis, management of HIV-positive patients with CKD and create prerequisites for addressing these important health challenges.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>болезни почек</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>клинические практические рекомендации</kwd><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>kidney disease</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>clinical practice guideline</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартлетт Д., Галлант Д., Фам П. 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