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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-479</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Митохондриально-направленные подходы в терапии острого повреждения почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mitochondria-targeted approaches to prevent acute kidney injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янкаускас</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jankauskas</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотников</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikov</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорова</surname><given-names>Л. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorova</surname><given-names>L. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Певзнер</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pevzner</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адрианова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adrianova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоров</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorov</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zorov@genebee.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силачёв</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silachev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоров</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии имени А.Н.Белозерского Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международный учебно-научный лазерный центр МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Янкаускас С.С., Плотников Е.Ю., Зорова Л.Д., Попков В.А., Певзнер И.Б., Бабенко В.А., Адрианова Н.В., Зоров С.Д., Силачёв Д.Н., Зоров Д.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Янкаускас С.С., Плотников Е.Ю., Зорова Л.Д., Попков В.А., Певзнер И.Б., Бабенко В.А., Адрианова Н.В., Зоров С.Д., Силачёв Д.Н., Зоров Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jankauskas S.S., Plotnikov E.Y., Zorova L.D., Popkov V.A., Pevzner I.B., Babenko V.A., Adrianova N.V., Zorov S.D., Silachev D.N., Zorov D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/479">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/479</self-uri><abstract><p>Экспериментальные работы последних десяти лет накопили достаточное количество фактов, убедительно показывающих, что митохондрии играют ключевую роль в развитии острого повреждения почек (ОПП) при воздействии различных повреждающих агентов, включающих ишемию/реперфузию, миоглобинурию, эндотоксемический шок и нефротоксичные препараты. Во всех перечисленных случаях происходит нарушение нормального функционирования митохондрий почки, одним из основных последствий которого становится чрезмерная продукция активных форм кислорода (АФК), в основном производящихся в дыхательной цепи митохондрий. Развивающийся окислительный стресс нарушает или изменяет целый ряд внутриклеточных процессов, в результате чего падает эффективность работы канальцевого эпителия и изменяется реактивность почечных сосудов. При большей выраженности митохондриальной дисфункции развивается гибель клеток, ведущая к уменьшению количества действующих нефронов. В данном обзоре рассматриваются новые подходы к лечению ОПП, направленные на митохондриальные процессы. Первый из них заключается в использовании нового типа антиоксидантов, сконструированных таким образом, чтобы избирательно накапливаться в митохондриях клеток. Экспериментальные данные показывают, что достижение высоких концентраций антиоксидантных соединений в этих органеллах позволяет остановить цепочку деструктивных событий при моделировании ОПП и, как следствие, сохранить функцию почки. Вторая стратегия - умеренное разобщение дыхания митохондрий и окислительного фосфорилирования - изменяет работу дыхательной цепи таким образом, что уменьшает её способность к образованию кислородных радикалов. Третий подход связан не с уменьшением количества АФК, а с активацией эндогенных механизмов толерантности к окислительному стрессу путём «тренировки» органа короткими периодами ишемии. Пульсы АФК, образуемые дыхательной цепью митохондрии в эти периоды, активируют сигнальные пути, которые делают органеллу более устойчивой к условиям, в которых генерируется много АФК. Целый ряд фармакологических агентов способен активировать данные сигнальные пути и уменьшать тяжесть ОПП в экспериментах на животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For last ten years a substantial number of facts have been accumulated to reveal a crucial role of mitochondria in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) under exposure to various damaging factors including ischemia/reperfusion, myoglobinuria, endotoxemic shock and nephrotoxic drugs. All these factors are associated with a distortion of normal functioning of renal mitochondria resulting in impropriate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resultant oxidative stress disrupts or modifies a number of intracellular processes, leading to the loss in the efficiency of tubular epithelium and changes of the vessels reactivity. As a result, severe mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in the number of active nephrons. The review describes new approaches to the treatment of AKI via targeting the mitochondria. The first approach suggests the usage of new antioxidants selectively accumulated in mitochondria. Resultant high concentrations of antioxidants in these organelles allows one to cease the destructive chain of events underlying AKI and, consequently, to preserve kidney function. The second strategy is a mild uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in order to reduce generation of ROS by the respiratory chain. The third approach is associated with the activation of endogenous mechanisms of tolerance to oxidative stress by «training» the organ through exposure to short periods of ischemia. Pulses of ROS produced by mitochondria in these periods activate signaling pathways that make the organelle more tolerant to ROS-mediated damage. A number of available pharmacological agents are able to activate these pathways and reduce the severity of AKI tested in animal studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>нефротоксичность</kwd><kwd>митохондрия</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>прекондиционирование</kwd><kwd>антиоксиданты</kwd><kwd>cute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>nephrotoxicity</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>preconditioning</kwd><kwd>antioxidants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антоненко Ю.Н., Аветисян А.В., Бакеева Л.Е., и др. Производное пластохинона, адресованное в митохондрии, как средство, прерывающее программу старения. Катионные производные пластохинона: синтез и исследование in vitro. 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