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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюционные и патофизиологические аспекты гиперурикемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Я. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Ya. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zver@asmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюханов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryukhanov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>418</fpage><lpage>436</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zverev Y.F., Bryukhanov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/523">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/523</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ литературных данных показывает, что биологическая целесообразность, усматриваемая в исчезновении энзима уриказы в ходе эволюции приматов, была, по-видимому, направлена на повышение содержания мочевой кислоты в крови для обеспечения антинатрийуретического и сосудистого эффектов, что, в свою очередь, позволило поддерживать относительно высокое артериальное давление в условиях низко-солевой диеты и обеспечило создание условий для прямохождения гоминид. Отмечается, что резко изменившиеся условия питания и жизненного стиля в ходе последних столетий трансформировало по сути адаптивные черты гиперурикемии в предпосылки развития ряда заболеваний и патологических состояний, включая подагру, уролитиаз и уратную нефропатию, метаболический синдром, гипертензию и другие сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. В то же время, выраженные антиоксидантные свойства мочевой кислоты, проявляемые в отношении мозговой ткани, позволяют предположить наличие благоприятного воздействия гиперурикемии на прогрессирование ряда нейродегенеративных заболеваний и рассеянного склероза, развитие интеллекта и когнитивных функций. Подчеркивается, что определение содержания мочевой кислоты в крови представляется важной, а в ряде случаев - необходимой процедурой, поскольку, с одной стороны, нивелирование гиперурикемии может облегчить течение ряда заболеваний, а с другой стороны, сама гиперурикемия может служить важным предиктором возникновения тех или иных патологических состояний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of published data shows that biological feasibility of the disappearance of the enzyme uricase in course of evolution of primates was apparently aimed to increasing the levels of uric acid in the blood for antinatriuretic and vascular effects, which, in turn, helped to maintain a relatively high blood pressure on low-salt diet and to establish conditions for upright walking hominids. The dramatic changes in the food and lifestyle during the last centuries transformed essentially adaptive features of hyperuricemia in the background of a number of diseases and conditions, including gout, urolithiasis and uric acid nephropathy, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, strong antioxidant properties of uric acid exhibited against brain tissue suggest a beneficial effect on the progression of a number of hyperuricemia neurodegenerative diseases and multiple sclerosis, the development of intelligence and cognitive functions. It is emphasized that the determination of uric acid in the blood seems to be important, and in some cases - a necessary procedure, because on one hand, the leveling of hyperuricemia can facilitate the outcome of a number of diseases, and on the other hand, the hyperuricemia itself can be an important predictor of the occurrence of various pathologies states.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочевая кислота</kwd><kwd>подагра</kwd><kwd>уратный нефролитиаз</kwd><kwd>уратная нефропатия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>uric acid</kwd><kwd>gout</kwd><kwd>urate nephrolithiasis</kwd><kwd>urate nephropathy</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алнувайрах А.А., Тыренко В.В., Блохин М.П., Качнов В.А. 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