References

nid

Нефрология и диализ

Nephrology and Dialysis

1680-44222618-9801

Российское диализное общество

nid-594

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ

REVIEWS AND LECTURES

Система самозащиты почки: современный взгляд на механизмы,определяющие течение и исход гломерулонефрита (Обзор литературы)

Kidney self-defense system: modern view on the mechanisms defining a current and an outcome of glomerulonephritis Review

Бобкова

И. Н.

Bobkova

I. N.

irbo.mma@mail.ru

Чеботарева

Н. В.

Chebotareva

N. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

Козловская

Л. В.

Kozlovskaya

L. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

Непринцева

Н. В.

Neprintseva

N. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

ГБОУ ВПО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, г. МоскваРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, MoskowRussian Federation

2013

20092024

153174183

2024

Бобкова И.Н., Чеботарева Н.В., Козловская Л.В., Непринцева Н.В.

Bobkova I.N., Chebotareva N.V., Kozlovskaya L.V., Neprintseva N.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/594

В настоящее время среди механизмов, определяющих течение и исход заболеваний почек, наиболее изучены повреждающие (эффекторные) звенья патогенеза – формирование клеточного воспалительного инфильтрата, высвобождение воспалительных цитокинов, метаболитов арахидоновой кислоты и кислородных радикалов, активация компонентов комплемента. Однако степень поражения ткани почки зависит от баланса локально воздействующих повреждающих факторов и противостоящих им эндогенных медиаторов, ограничивающих развитие патологического процесса, что представляет особый интерес для понимания основных закономерностей прогрессирования поражения почек. В обзоре изложены современные представления о «самозащите» почки как об универсальном механизме многоуровневого регулируемого синтеза защитных медиаторов – внутри- и внеклеточного, а также на поверхности клеток. Некоторые из них экспрессируются в почке постоянно (конституциональные молекулы), а локальный синтез других многократно усиливается под действием воспалительного микроокружения (индуцибельные молекулы). В обзоре обсуждается роль регуляторных иммунных клеток при повреждении почечной ткани, подробно рассмотрены эффекты отдельных факторов самозащиты (противовоспалительных цитокинов, липоксинов, ингибиторов протеолиза, белков теплового шока), представлены результаты их эффективного применения в эксперименте на различных моделях нефрита. Усиление эндогенных защитных механизмов путем введения ключевых факторов, способных модулировать воспаление в почке и «переключать» этот процесс в сторону ограничения/резолюции, представляет собой перспективное направление терапевтического воздействия при прогрессирующих заболеваниях почек у человека.

Among mechanisms which define the time course and an outcome of the kidney diseases the mostly interesting has been such processes as the formation of cellular inflammatory infiltrate, the release of inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, oxygen radicals, activation of complement cascade and others. However, the balance between local offense factors and the defense machinery determines the fate of tissue injury (its prolongation or resolution); that has a special interest for understanding of kidney diseases progression. This review outlines how the kidney, when faced with injurious cells oris exposed to pathogenic mediators, defends itself via intrinsic system of various protective molecules, which counteract the damage on multiple levels (intracellular, extracellular, cell-surface). Some of the protective factors are expressed in kidney constantly (constitutive defense), and local synthesis of others is amplified in response to environmental perturbation (inducible defense). In the review the role of some defense factors are considered in detail (cytokine inhibitors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, protein inhibitors, lipoxins, and the heat shock proteins). The results of effective application of some defense molecules in experimental models of glomerulonephritis are presented. This approach has a special interest as a perspective therapeutic direction in human progressive kidney diseases.

chronic glomerulonephritisself-defense mechanismanti-inlflammatory cytokineslipotoxinsproteolysis inhibitorsheat shock proteinsхронический гломерулонефритмеханизмы самозащитыпротивовоспалительные цитокинылипоксиныингибиторы протеолизабелки теплового шока

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.