nidНефрология и диализNephrology and Dialysis1680-44222618-9801Российское диализное общество10.28996/2618-9801-2022-2-329-338nid-69Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESПрименение расширенного гемодиализа в лечении пациентов с множественной миеломойExpanded hemodialysis in the treatment of patients with multiple myelomaВишневскийК. А.VishnevskiiK. A.hd15gb@mail.ruДомашенкоО. М.DomashenkoO. M.noemail@neicon.ruКарягинаЕ. В.KaryaginaE. V.noemail@neicon.ruЗемченковА. Ю.ZemchenkovA. Yu.noemail@neicon.ruНовицкийА. В.NovitskiiA. V.noemail@neicon.ruСПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница №15»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И.И.Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияCity hospital 15; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State medical universityRussian FederationСПб ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»РоссияCity Mariinsky hospital - City nephrology centerRussian FederationСПб ГБУЗ «Городская больница №15»РоссияCity hospital 15Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И.И.Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СПб ГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияI.I. Mechnikov North-Western State medical university; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State medical universityRussian Federation202221062024242329338Copyright © Вишневский К.А., Домашенко О.М., Карягина Е.В., Земченков А.Ю., Новицкий А.В., 20242024Вишневский К.А., Домашенко О.М., Карягина Е.В., Земченков А.Ю., Новицкий А.В.Vishnevskii K.A., Domashenko O.M., Karyagina E.V., Zemchenkov A.Y., Novitskii A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/69

Цель: миеломная каст-нефропатия является одним из самых серьезных осложнений течения множественной миеломы (ММ), значимо ухудшающим прогноз для жизни больных. Так как в большей мере развитие ОПП при ММ ассоциировано с продукцией свободных легких цепей (СЛЦ), снижение их концентрации с помощью экстракорпоральных методик может оказывать положительное влияние на течение заболевания. В последнее время появляются все больше работ, в которых демонстрируется значимая эффективность новой методики расширенного гемодиализа (Expanded HD, HDx) в отношении удаления веществ средней молекулярной массы, однако имеются лишь единичные исследования, показывающие влияние использования данной методики в лечении больных с ММ. Целью данной работы являлась оценка эффективности использования методики HDx в отношении удаления СЛЦ в сравнении с низкопоточным ГД (нпГД) и высокопоточной ГДФ. Материалы и методы: в исследование включались больные с ОПП на фоне миеломной нефропатии и показаниями для экстренного начала ГД. Последовательно каждому больному проводились процедуры нпГД, ГДФ и HDx. До начала процедур и далее - каждые 30 минут проводилось определение концентрации СЛЦ (κ и λ), b-2-микроглобулина (β2М) и альбумина крови. Результаты: в исследование было включено 7 пациентов, средний возраст 68±8 лет. В отличие от нпГД, наблюдалось достоверное снижение концентрации β2М как на фоне ГДФ (в среднем на 49±12%, p<0,001), так и на фоне HDx (в среднем на 59±6%, p<0,001) к концу процедуры. Также имело место достоверное снижение концентрации κ-СЛЦ (ГДФ - 35±34%, p<0,05; HDx - 32±12%, p<0,001) и лябмда СЛЦ (ГДФ - 40±20%, p<0,01; HDx - 31±21%, p<0,05). На фононе нпГД динамика изменения СЛЦ не отмечена. Достоверных отличий в динамике снижения β2М и концентрации СЛЦ при использовании ГДФ и HDx не получено. Ни одна из методик не приводила к снижению уровня альбумина сыворотки. Выводы: использование методики HDx у больных с ММ способствует существенному снижению уровня β2М и СЛЦ и не сопровождается потерями альбумина.

Aim: myeloma cast nephropathy is one of the most serious complications in the course of multiple myeloma (MM), worsening the life prognosis significantly. Since the development of AKI in MM is associated with the production of free light chains (FLC), a decrease in its concentration using extracorporeal techniques can provide a positive effect in the course of the disease. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated the significant efficiency of the new expanded HD (HDx) technique in removing substances of average molecular weight, but there are only a few studies of the effect of using this technique in the treatment of patients with MM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HDx technique in FLC removal in comparison with conventional HD (сHD) and high-flow HDF. Method: The study included patients with myeloma nephropathy AKI and indications for an emergency HD start. Each patient underwent sequential procedures: cHD, HDF and HDx. Before the start of the treatment and every 30 minutes during the procedures, the concentration of FLC (kappa and lambda), b-2-microglobulin (β2M), and serum albumin was determined. Results: the study included 7 patients, with a mean age of 68±8 years. In contrast to cHD, a significant decrease in β2M concentration by the end of the procedure was observed both with HDF (by an average of 49±12%, p<0.001) and with HDx (by an average of 59±6%, p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the kappa FLC concentration (HDF - 35±34%, p<0.05; HDx - 32±12%, p<0.001) and lambda FLC (HDF - 40±20%, p<0.01; HDx - 31±21%, p<0.05). With сHD, the FLC concentration did not change. There were no significant differences in β2M and FLC concentration decrease between HDF and HDx. None of the techniques resulted in a decrease in serum albumin levels. Conclusion: the HDx technique in patients with MM contributes to a significant decrease in the level of β2M and FLC and does not lead to albumin loss.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.