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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2024-3-334-349</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-712</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ особенностей течения и исходов COVID-19 на разных этапах пандемии у пациентов, получающих лечение гемодиализом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the course and outcomes of COVID-19 at different stages of the pandemic in hemodialysis patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-5220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Надия Фяатовна – к.м.н., заместитель главного врача по нефрологии, заведующий межокружного нефрологического центра; доцент кафедры нефрологии</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3/2 </p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya street, Moscow, 123182 </p><p>20, Delegatskaya Str., build. 1, Moscow, 127473 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadiya.frolova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-9993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Ирина Гиховна – к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник клинико-диагностического отдела; консультант-нефролог Московского городского научно-практического центра нефрологии и патологии трансплантированной почки</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3/2</p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya street, Moscow, 123182</p><p>10, Admiral Makarov Str., Moscow, 125212</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kig21@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-2897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червинко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervinko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Червинко Валерий Иванович – к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник клинико-диагностического отдела; нефролог консультативно-диагностического нефрологического отделения; доцент кафедры</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3/2</p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва </p><p>107392, Москва, ул. Малая Черкизовская, д. 7, Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya street, Moscow, 123182</p><p>10, Admiral Makarov Str., Moscow, 125212</p><p>7, Malaya Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 107392 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dok534@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Володина Елизавета Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник клинико-диагностического отдела </p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya street, Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vol.e.v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5271-1902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкин</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkin</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубкин Михаил Леонидович – докт. мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель клинико-диагностического отдела; консультант-нефролог Московского городского научно-практического центра нефрологии и патологии трансплантированной почки</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3/2</p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д. 10, Москва </p><p>107392, Москва, ул. Малая Черкизовская, д. 7, Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3, Pekhotnaya street, Moscow, 123182</p><p>10, Admiral Makarov Str., Moscow, 125212</p><p>7, Malaya Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 107392 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m-zubkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital №52 ; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы» ; ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital №52 ; G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы» ; ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора» ; ФГБВОУ ВО "Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова" (филиал)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital №52 ; G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology ; S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского Роспотребнадзора»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Clinical Hospital №52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>334</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролова Н.Ф., Ким И.Г., Червинко В.И., Володина Е.В., Зубкин М.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролова Н.Ф., Ким И.Г., Червинко В.И., Володина Е.В., Зубкин М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolova N.F., Kim I.G., Chervinko V.I., Volodina E.V., Zubkin M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/712">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/712</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования был сравнительный анализ особенностей течения и исходов COVID-19 у ГД-больных на разных этапах пандемии в аспекте применения иммуномодулирующей терапии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное когортное исследование включено 897 ГД-больных COVID-19 (возраст 60,7 лет, М 58,5%), находившихся на стационарном лечении в ГКБ №52 г. Москвы в период с 1.04.20 по 31.12.21 гг.</p><p>В зависимости от сроков возникновения заболевания от начала пандемии были выделены 2 группы больных. Группу 1 (n=720) составили пациенты, инфицированные в период с конца марта 2020 по апрель 2021 года (период доминирования на территории г. Москвы, так называемого, «уханьского» штамма вируса), группу 2 (n=177) – больные, госпитализированные в мае-декабре 2021 г. (во время преимущественной циркуляции в регионе Дельта штамма возбудителя).</p><p>Каждая из групп была разделена на 2 подгруппы в зависимости от подходов к лечению. В подгруппу 1а (n=231) включены пациенты начального периода пандемии, не получавшие адекватной иммуномодулирующей терапии, в подгруппу 1б – больные позднего этапа (n=489), в лечении которых активно использовали блокаторы рецепторов ИЛ-6 и кортикостероиды. Подобную терапию получали и 108 пациентов подгруппы 2а. У других 69 больных (подгруппа 2б) в ранние сроки болезни применяли нейтрализующие моноклональные антитела (NmAb).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Летальность в гр. 1 и гр. 2 составила 20,1% и 14,7%, соответственно, p&lt;0,09. Частота неблагоприятного исхода была наиболее высокой в подгруппе 1а и минимальной в подгруппе 2б (31,2% против 5,8%, p&lt;0,01), причем величина каждого из показателей достоверно отличалась от числа неблагоприятных исходов в подгруппах 1б и 2а. Летальность в подгруппах 1б и 2а была сопоставимой (14,9% и 20,4%), несмотря на более тяжелое исходное поражение легких по данным КТ в подгруппе 2а. У этих больных чаще применяли иммуномодуляторы в сочетании с терапевтическим плазмообменом (ТПО) (42,6% против 10,2% в подгруппе 1б). Независимыми факторами риска неблагоприятного исхода оказались прогрессирование легочной патологии с трансформацией стадий КТ1-2 в КТ3-4 и высокий индекс коморбидности.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Применение иммуномодулирующих препаратов повысило эффективность лечения COVID-19 у больных с ХБП5Д. При тяжелом течении заболевания наиболее благоприятные результаты были получены при использования комбинации иммунобиологических препаратов с кортикостероидами и ТПО. Еще более значимое снижение летальности было достигнуто у пациентов, получавших нейтрализующие моноклональные антитела. Независимыми предикторами неблагоприятного исхода COVID-19 у ГД-больных были высокий индекс коморбидности и трансформация КТ1-2 в КТ3-4.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in HD patients at different stages of the pandemic, focusing on the of the use of immunomodulatory therapy.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 897 HD patients with COVID-19 (mean age 60.7 years, M 58.5%) who were hospitalized at Moscow City Hospital № 52. Group 1 (n=720) consisted of patients infected between the end of March 2020 and April 2021, group 2 (n=177) included patients hospitalized in May-December 2021. Each of group was divided into 2 subgroups based on treatment approaches. Subgroup 1a (n=231) included patients of the initial period of the pandemic who did not receive adequate immunomodulatory therapy, while Subgroup 1b (n=489) included patients of the late stage, were treated with IL-6 receptor blockers and corticosteroids. In group 2, 108 patients in Subgroup 2a received similar therapy, while 69 patients in Subgroup 2b were treated with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in the early stages of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Mortality rates in Group 1 and Group 2 was 20.1% and 14.7%, respectively (p&lt;0.09). The incidence of unfavorable outcome was highest in Subgroup 1a and lowest in Subgroup 2b (31.2% vs 5.8%, p&lt;0.01). Mortality in Subgroups 1b and 2a was comparable (14.9% and 20.4%), despite more severe initial lung damage according to CT data in Subgroup 2a. In these patients, immunomodulators was more frequently combined with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Independent risk factors for an unfavorable outcome were the progression of pulmonary pathology, with the transformation of stages CT 1-2 to CT 3-4, and a high comorbidity index.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of immunomodulatory drugs imprtoved the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment in patients with CKD5D. In severe cases, the most favorable outcomes were achieved with a combination of immunobiological drugs, corticosteroids, and TPE. An even more significant reduction in mortality was observed following the introduction of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies into clinical practice. Independent predictors of unfavorable outcome of COVID-19 in HD patients were a high comorbidity index and the progression of CT 1-2 into CT 3-4.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manson J.J., Crooks C., Naja M., et al. COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020. Oct;2(10):e594-602. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30275-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manson J.J., Crooks C., Naja M., et al. COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020. 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