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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2022-2-366-373</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА НЕФРОЛОГА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Псевдогиперкалиемия в клинической практике. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pseudohypercalemia in clinical practice. A review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>З. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>Z. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zinaida.mihailowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Нижегородской области «Городская клиническая больница №38 Нижегородского района г. Нижнего Новгорода»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State Budgetary Institution of “City Clinical Hospital No. 38"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>366</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлова З.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлова З.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailova Z.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/73">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/73</self-uri><abstract><p>Нефролог в практической деятельности диагностирует различные клинико-лабораторные синдромы и их сочетания: дизэлектролитемии; нефритический, нефротический, мочевой синдром, анемии, тромбоцитозы, лейкоцитозы, тромбофилии, парапротеинемии и другие. Стойкая и выраженная гиперкалиемия может стать причиной развития желудочковых нарушений ритма, парезов и параличей, смерти и требует лечения. Псевдогиперкалиемия не требует лечения и поэтому необходимо своевременно дифференцировать эти два состояния, чтобы выбрать оптимальную лечебно-диагностическую тактику и избежать не показанных вмешательств. Проведен поиск по базам данных MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE и Web of Science с использованием ключевых слов: псевдогиперкалиемия, заболевания почек с целью изучения причин псевдогиперкалиемии, тактики ведения пациентов. Причинами псевдогиперкалиемии могут быть нарушения при заборе, транспортировке, хранении крови, подготовке к анализу и гемолиз. В настоящее время существует два основных способа оценки гемолиза: визуальная и инструментальная. Визуальный способ оценки гемолиза слабо согласуется с реальным содержанием свободного гемоглобина в сыворотке/плазме. Инструментальный метод, основанный на фотометрическом способе измерения содержания свободного гемоглобина (индекс гемолиза) в сыворотке/плазме пациента, более точен. Также причинами псевдогиперкалиемии являются тромбоцитоз, эритроцитоз и лейкоцитоз. При тромбоцитозе более 500 × 109/л и/или эритроцитозе диагностируют псевдогиперкалиемию в сыворотке крови. При лейкоцитозе более 15-50 × 109/л верифицируют обратную псевдогиперкалиемию с повышением уровня калия в плазме. В литературе представлены клинические случаи с чередованием истинной гиперкалиемии и псевдогиперкалиемии у одного и того же пациента. Описана семейная псевдогиперкалиемия. Определены диагностические критерии псевдогиперкалиемии. Псевдогиперкалиемию верифицируют при повышении уровня калия в сыворотке крови с нормальным содержанием калия в плазме, при разнице между уровнем калия в сыворотке и плазме крови более 0,4 ммоль/л, при отсутствии клинических симптомов (слабость, парестезии, судороги, паралич) и изменений электрокардиограммы («заостренные» зубцы T, удлинение интервала PR, уменьшение амплитуды и расширение зубца Р, расширение комплекса QRS, замедление атриовентрикулярной проводимости и другие).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A nephrologist diagnoses various clinical and laboratory syndromes and their combinations in practice: dyselectrolytemia; nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, urinary syndrome, anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombophilia, paraproteinemia, and others. Persistent and severe hyperkalemia can cause the development of ventricular rhythm disturbances, paresis, paralysis, and death, and for these reasons requires treatment. Pseudohyperkalemia does not require treatment and, therefore, it is necessary to differentiate these two conditions promptly to choose the optimal treatment and avoid non-indicated interventions. A search was carried out in the MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases using the keywords: pseudohyperkalemia, and kidney disease to study the causes of pseudohyperkalemia, patient management tactics. Violations in the collection, transportation, storage of blood, preparation for analysis, and hemolysis can be the causes of pseudohyperkalemia. Currently, there are two main methods for assessing hemolysis: visual and instrumental. The visual method for assessing hemolysis is poorly consistent with the actual content of free hemoglobin in serum/plasma. An instrumental method based on a photometric method for measuring the content of free hemoglobin (hemolysis index) in the patient's serum/plasma is more accurate. Thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, and leukocytosis are the causes of pseudohyperkalemia. With thrombocytosis, more than 500 × 109/l and/or erythrocytosis, pseudohyperkalemia in the blood serum is diagnosed. With leukocytosis more than 15-50 × 109/l, reverse pseudohyperkalemia with an increase in the level of potassium in the plasma is verified. The literature presents clinical cases with alternating true hyperkalemia and pseudohyperkalemia in the same patient. Familial pseudohyperkalemia has been also described. The diagnostic criteria for pseudohyperkalemia were determined. Pseudohyperkalemia is verified with an increase in serum potassium levels with normal plasma potassium levels, with a difference between serum and plasma potassium levels of more than 0.4 mmol/l, in the absence of clinical symptoms (weakness, paresthesia, convulsions, paralysis) and changes in the electrocardiogram ("pointed" T waves, lengthening of the PR interval, decrease in amplitude and expansion of the P wave, expansion of the QRS complex, slowing of atrioventricular conduction, and others).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>псевдогиперкалиемия</kwd><kwd>гемолиз</kwd><kwd>цитоз</kwd><kwd>заболевания почек</kwd><kwd>pseudohyperkalemia</kwd><kwd>hemolysis</kwd><kwd>cytosis</kwd><kwd>kidney disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В., Румянцев А.Ш. от имени рабочей группы. Острое повреждение почек. Часть I. 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Transfusion. 2021; 61(8): 2439-2449. doi: 10.1111/trf.16440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
