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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-1-38-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дислипидемия у детей и подростков с ХБП С1-С5, на диализе и после трансплантации: описательный обзор клинических исследований и рекомендаций по тактике ведения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with CKD G1-G5, on dialysis and after transplantation: a narrative review of clinical studies and practical guidelines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-1188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулакова Елена Николаевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии, ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России; доцент кафедры клинических дисциплин 2 международного медицинского факультета ОшГУ.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; 723500, Ош, ул. Ленина, 331, Кыргызская Республика</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Kulakova.</p><p>10 Studencheskaya str., Voronezh, 394036; 331 Lenina st., Osh, 723500, Kyrgyz Republic</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.n.kulakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-856X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baiko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байко Сергей Валерьевич – докт. мед. наук, профессор 1-й кафедры детских болезней БГМУ.</p><p>220016, Минск, пр. Дзержинского, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Baiko.</p><p>83 Dzerginskogo Av., Minsk, 220016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baiko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России; Ошский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University; Osh State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулакова Е.Н., Байко С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулакова Е.Н., Байко С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulakova E.N., Baiko S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/765">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/765</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В последние годы детский возраст стал рассматриваться как «окно возможностей» для снижения распространенности сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и уменьшения их негативного влияния на продолжительность жизни и здоровье взрослого населения. Особую группу педиатрических пациентов, имеющих высокий риск развития ССЗ в будущем, составляют дети и подростки с ХБП. Основная цель данного обзора – обоснование актуальности и предоставление теоретической базы для изучения особенностей липидного обмена у детей и подростков с ХБП. Сформулированные научно-исследовательские вопросы направлены на определение распространенности дислипидемии, проведение сравнительного анализа рекомендаций и описание результатов клинических исследований по оценке эффективности и безопасности гиполипидемических препаратов у этой группы пациентов. Методы. Выполнен описательный обзор литературы. Поиск статей проводился в PubMed и научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из идентифицированных в результате поиска литературных источников отобрано 27 публикаций. В 11 статьях представлены результаты наблюдательных исследований, в 9 – рекомендации различных организаций по ведению детей и подростков с дислипидемией на фоне ХБП, в 7 – результаты клинических исследований по оценке эффективности и безопасности гиполипидемической терапии. Отмечено использование разных диагностических критериев дислипидемии в наблюдательных исследованиях. Согласно публикациям с рекомендуемыми критериями диагностики, частота дислипидемии у пациентов с ХБП С1-С5 без заместительной почечной терапии составила от 61,5% до 71,8%, на перитонеальном диализе – 85,1%, на гемодиализе – 76,1%, а после трансплантации почки – от 54,2% до 55,5%. Нарушения липидного обмена в большинстве случаев характеризовались повышением триглицеридов и снижением холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности. Выявлены значительные различия в опубликованных рекомендациях о ведении детей и подростков с дислипидемией на фоне ХБП, при этом уровень достоверности доказательств этих рекомендаций был низким или очень низким. Все клинические исследования по оценке эффективности и безопасности статинов у детей с ХБП имели значительные ограничения. В большинстве случаев наблюдалось снижение основных групп липидов на фоне терапии. После коротких курсов лечения клинически значимых побочных эффектов статинов не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Подтверждена высокая распространенность дислипидемии у детей и подростков с ХБП. Установлена несогласованность опубликованных рекомендаций и отсутствие достаточной доказательной базы. В настоящее время приоритетным направлением для научных исследований и клинической практики остается нефармакологическая терапия, эффективное применение которой требует разработки информационных ресурсов для медицинских работников и пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In recent years, childhood has been recognized as a "window of opportunity" to reduce both the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their long-term impact on life expectancy and health in adulthood. Children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face a significantly increasing risk of developing CVD later in life. This narrative review aims to highlight the importance of studying dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with CKD and to provide a theoretical foundation for future reseach. The key research questions focus on assessing the prevalence of dyslipidemia, conducting a comparative analysis of clinical practice guidelines, and summarizing the findings of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering therapies of this patient population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A narrative review was conducted by searching for relevant articles on PubMed and on eLIBRARY.RU Scientific Electronic Library.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The search identified 27 publications including: 11 observational studies; 9 clinical practice guidelines for lipid management in children and adolescents with CKD; and 7 clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering therapy. A key finding was the use of varying diagnostic criteria in observational studies. In studies that followed standardized diagnostic guidelines, the reported prevalence of dyslipidemia was: 61.5% – 71.8% in patients with CKD G1-G5 without renal replacement therapy; 85.1% in patients on peritoneal dialysis; 76.1% in patients on hemodialysis; 54.2% – 55.5% in post-kidney transplantation. Dyslipidemia was most commonly characterized by elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Significant inconsistencies were noticed in clinical practical guidelines for lipid management in children and adolescents with CKD, with recommendations generally based on low or very low level of evidence. All clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of statins in pediatric CKD patients had notable limitations. However, most studies reported a reduction in major lipid fractions with statin therapy, and no clinically significant adverse effects were observed after short-term treatment courses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The review confirmes the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with CKD. Significant inconsistencies in existing clinical practice guidelines and a lack of strong evidence were identified. Currently, nonpharmacological therapy remains the primary focus of both scientific research and clinical practice. To optimize its effectiveness, there is a need to develop educational resources for healthcare professionals and patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>диализ</kwd><kwd>трансплантация</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>dialysis</kwd><kwd>transplantation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mensah GA, Fuster V, Murray CJL et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(25):2350-2473. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mensah GA, Fuster V, Murray CJL et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(25):2350-2473. 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