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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28996/2618-9801-2025-1-59-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-766</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ выживаемости в регистре пациентов на заместительной почечной терапии крупного города (многоцентровое проспективное когортное наблюдательное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of patient's survival on renal replacement therapy in a large city: a multicenter prospective cohort observational study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-4711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskii</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишневский Константин Александрович – к.м.н., заведующий отделением диализа городского нефрологического центра СПб ГБУЗ «ГМБ»; ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова.</p><p>191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56; 191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Vishnevskii.</p><p>56, Liteiny pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191104; 41, Kirochnaya str., Saint-Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vishnevskii2022@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паршина Екатерина Викторовна – к.м.н., зав. отделением диализа Клиники высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова СПбГУ.</p><p>198103, Санкт-Петербург, набережная реки Фонтанки, 154</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Parshina.</p><p>154, Fontanka River Emb., Staint-Petersburg, 198103</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pannn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-3380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земченков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemchenkov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Земченков Александр Юрьевич – доцент, к.м.н., врач отделения диализа городского нефрологического центра СПб ГБУЗ «ГМБ».</p><p>191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Yu. Zemchenkov.</p><p>56, Liteiny pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191104</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kletk@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2309-8083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимчук</surname><given-names>Р. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasemchuk</surname><given-names>R. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимчук Роман Павлович – к.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации ФГБОУ ВО «СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова»; врач отделения диализа Городского нефрологического центра СПб ГБУЗ «ГМБ».</p><p>191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56; 191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman P. Gerasimchuk.</p><p>56, Liteiny pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191104; 41, Kirochnaya str., Saint-Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romger@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-9260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реутский</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reutsky</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Реутский Игорь Александрович – к.м.н., главный врач СПб ГБУЗ «ГМБ».</p><p>191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., 56; 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Reutsky.</p><p>56, Liteiny pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191104; 6, Akademika Lebedeva str., Saint-Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b16@mariin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-3797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельских</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belskikh</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельских Андрей Николаевич – член-корреспондент РАН, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, зав. кафедрой нефрологии и эфферентной терапии ФГБВОУ ВО «ВМедА им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны Российской Федерации, Главный внештатный специалист нефролог.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Belskikh.</p><p>6, Akademika Lebedeva str., Saint-Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d0c62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University, N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»; ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-Медицинская Академия Имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Mariinsky Hospital; Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-Медицинская Академия Имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства Обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишневский К.А., Паршина Е.В., Земченков А.Ю., Герасимчук Р.П., Реутский И.А., Бельских А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишневский К.А., Паршина Е.В., Земченков А.Ю., Герасимчук Р.П., Реутский И.А., Бельских А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnevskii K.A., Parshina E.V., Zemchenkov A.Y., Gerasemchuk R.P., Reutsky I.A., Belskikh A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/766">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/766</self-uri><abstract><p>Детальное сравнение эффективности сочетанных вмешательств в долгосрочное лечение, трудно, если вообще возможно, организовать в контролируемых исследованиях; нередко этому препятствуют этические соображения (нежелание отказаться от потенциально эффективных методов лечения). Пробел могут заполнить прагматические исследования или анализ значительных массивов проспективно собираемых данных, в частности, регистров. Помимо анализа их результатов, эти массивы позволяют сформировать сопоставимые группы сравнения для интервенционных исследований, что при определенных условиях может рассматриваться как квази-рандомизация.</p><p>Данные регистра заместительной почечной терапии Санкт-Петербурга за период со времени перехода диализа в систему ОМС (2009), обеспечившей точный учет старта и исходов заместительной почечной терапии, до начала пандемии COVID-19, исказившей стабильную организацию и исходы диализа, (11 лет, 4317 вновь принятых на диализ пациентов без пациентов, начавших диализ на фоне ОПП), использованы для анализа факторов, связанных с выживаемостью пациентов и относящихся непосредственно к диализу и синдромам ХБП этого периода.</p><p>Общая пятилетняя выживаемость составила 60,4%±1,5%. Факторами на старте диализа, связанными с твердыми исходами, стали возраст (+1% риска на год возраста), диагноз основного заболевания, исходные значения остаточной рСКФ ниже 5,3 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (+41%) или ниже 3,6 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (+55%), уровни фосфатемии выше 1,78 ммоль/л (+58%) и ниже 1,13 ммоль/л (+38%), кальциемии ниже и выше целевого диапазона (+57% и +120%), натриемии выше 141 ммоль/л (+62%), альбуминемии ниже 36 г/л (+22%), междиализная прибавка веса (+23% на 1% прибавки от веса тела), а также экстренность его начала. Факторами этапа программного диализа (период оценки – с 3 по 15 месяц лечения), связанными с твердыми исходами, стали фосфатемия выше 1,78 ммоль/л (+68%), кальциемия выше 2,5 ммоль/л (+122%), а также взаимодействие между ними, скорость ультрафильтрации выше 8 мл/час/кг (+165% выше для больших скоростей ультрафильтрации) – во взаимодействии с остаточной рСКФ на старте диализа, а также неблагоприятные сценарии динамики ключевых параметров качества диализа: рост фосфатемии (+72%), выход кальциемии вниз и вверх из целевого диапазона (+16% и +43%), увеличение скорости ультрафильтрации от уровня выше 10 мл/час/кг (+21%). Показатели коррекции анемии и их динамика в условиях сложившейся благоприятной практики не вошли в число значимых факторов.</p><p>Детальная характеристика пациентов в регистре позволит сформировать исторические группы сравнения для оценки эффективности вмешательств для улучшения твердых и важных суррогатных исходов диализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A direct comparison of the long-term effectiveness of combined interventions in controlled studies is often challenging, if not infeasible due to ethical concerns, due to ethical concerns, including the reluctance to withhold potentially beneficial treatments. This gap can be addressed through pragmatic research or the analysis of large prospectively collected datasets, such as registers. In addition providing valuable outcome assessments, these datasets enable the formation of matched groups for comparison in interventional studies, which, under certain conditions, may serve as a form of quasi-randomization.</p><p>This study analyzes data from the renal replacement therapy registry in a large city, covering the period from the transition of dialysis to the compulsory medical insurance system in 2009, ensuring accurate tracking of therapy initiation and outcomes untill the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted the stable organization and outcomes of dialysis. The analysis focuses on factors associated to patient survival, particularly those directly related to dialysis and chronic kidney disease syndromes during this period.</p><p>The overall five-year survival rate was 60.4%±1.5%. Factors at dialysis initiation associated with adverse outcomes included: age (+1% risk increase per year of age), the underlying disease diagnosis, baseline residual GFR below 5.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 (+41%), or below 3.6 ml/ min/1.73 m2 (+55%), phosphatemia above 1.78 mmol/L (+58%) or below 1,13 mmol/ L (+38%); calcemia outside the target range (+57% risk for low levels, +120% risk for high levels); natremia (above 141 mmol/L (+62%); albuminemia (below 36 g/L (+22%); interdialytic weight gain (+23% for each 1% of body weight increase), and urgent of dialysis initiation. During maintenance dialysis (indicator period – 3th-15th months) adverse outcomes were associated with phosphatemia above 1.78 mmol/l (68% risk increase), calcemia above 2.5 mmol/L (+122% risk) and their interaction, as well as ultrafiltration rate above 8 ml/hour/kg (165% risk increase and higher for more fast ultrafiltration). Additional risk factors include worsening hyperphosphatemia (+72%), deviation in calcemia from target range (+16% risk for downward shifts, +43% risk for upwards shifts) and ultrafiltration rate exceeding 10 ml/hour/kg (+21%). Notably, anemia correction indicators and their trends, under current favorable treatment practice, were not identified as significant risk factors.</p><p>Detailed patient data will facilitate the evaluation of intervention impacts on dialysis outcomes by enabling comparison matched historical cohorts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flythe JE, Chang TI, Gallagher MP et al; Conference Participants. 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