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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-794</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние режима поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии на отдаленные результаты трансплантации почки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of maintaining immunosuppressive regimen on late results of kidney transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kig21@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяревич</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarevich</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artuhina</surname><given-names>L. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томилина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomilina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУ «ФНЦ трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени акад. В.И. Шумакова» Минздравсоцразвития РФ; Городская клиническая больница № 52, г. Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Shumakov Federal Scientific Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Moscow City hospital № 52</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ким И.Г., Столяревич Е.С., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролова Н.Ф., Федорова Н.Д., Томилина Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ким И.Г., Столяревич Е.С., Артюхина Л.Ю., Фролова Н.Ф., Федорова Н.Д., Томилина Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kim I.G., Stolyarevich E.S., Artuhina L.U., Frolova N.F., Fedorova N.D., Tomilina N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/794">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/794</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования явился сравнительный анализ эффективности иммуносупрессии при использовании разных ингибиторов кальцинейрина после трансплантации почки. Проанализированы материалы наблюдений 545 реципиентов почечного трансплантата, которые были прооперированы в период с 01.01.2007 по 31.12.2009 гг. В зависимости от вида применяемого ингибитора кальцинейрина больные были разделены на 2 группы. 1 группу составили 354 пациента (муж. 59%) в возрасте 40,5 ± 12,5 года, у которых базовым иммуносупрессантом был циклоспорин (ЦиА). Во 2 группу были включены реципиенты в возрасте 38,8 ± 12,2 года (n = 191, муж. 59,5%), получавшие такролимус (Так). Пациенты, которые в ходе исследования были переведены с ЦиА на Так по поводу отторжения либо с Так на ЦиА в связи с инфекциями, исключались из исследования с момента конверсии. Сроки наблюдения составили в среднем 18,3 ± 11,3 мес. (от 1 до 42 мес.). Эффективность режима иммуносупрессивной терапии оценивали по 3-летней выживаемости реципиентов и почечных трансплантатов, а также по частоте кризов отторжения за этот период и функции почечного трансплантата к концу наблюдения. Кроме того, в сравниваемых группах был проведен анализ частоты тяжелых инфекционных осложнений, посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета, гиперлипидемии, частоты и выраженности артериальной гипертензии и протеинурии. Кризы отторжения диагностировали на основании клинико-лабораторных данных, подтвержденных во всех случаях морфологически. Выживаемость реципиентов через 3 года после трансплантации составила 95,3% в 1 группу больных, получавших ЦиА, и 89,9% во 2 группу, в которой базовым компонентом ИСТ был Так (p &lt; 0,12), выживаемость трансплантатов в эти же сроки составила 94,3 и 91,7% соответственно (p &lt; 0,6). Ранние кризы отторжения в сравниваемых группах развивались с одинаковой частотой: 15,5% в 1 группу и 16,2% во 2 группу (p &lt; 0,46), в то время как позднее отторжение выявлялось чаще у пациентов 1 группы, получавших ЦиА: 5,4% против 2,4% – во 2 группу (p &lt; 0,049). Точно также не различались функция почечного трансплантата к концу наблюдения и протеинурия. Средний уровень креатинина в плазме крови в группе 1 и группе 2 составил соответственно: 0,139 ± 0,04 и 0,137 ± 0,01 ммоль/л, а протеинурия – 0,31 ± 0,032 и 0,33 ± 0,06 г/сут. Тяжелые инфекционные осложнения, среди которых наиболее частыми были микст-пневмонии, в сравниваемых группах также наблюдались с одинаковой частотой: у 29,1% больных 1 группы и у 31,8% пациентов 2 группы (p &lt; 0,32). В то же время, риск инфекционной летальности оказался выше в группе больных, получавших в качестве базового иммуноcупрессанта Так: 5,8 против 1,0 в группе 1 (p &lt; 0,039). Посттрансплантационный диабет, в условиях терапии Так развивался чаще, чем у пациентов, получавших терапию ЦиА: 31 и 20% соответственно (p &lt; 0,016). Повышение артериального давления после ТП наблюдалось достоверно чаще в группе 1 на фоне поддерживающей терапии ЦиА (28% против 20% в группе 2, p &lt; 0,035). Точно так же в 1 группе была выше доля больных, нуждавшихся в 2- и 3-компонентной гипотензивной терапии. Применение ЦиА сопровождалось не только более значимой артериальной гипертензией, но и было причиной более выраженной в сравнении с Так гиперхолестеринемией. Уровень холестерина крови в группах сравнения составил соответственно: 6,02 ± 1,27 и 5,4 ± 1,3 ммоль/л, p &lt; 0,0001. Применение Так позволило безопасно уменьшить дозу преднизолона к 6 мес. после операции до 8,6 ± 3,36 мг/сут против 10,28 ± 2,31 мг/сут в ЦиА группе (p &lt; 0,0001) и к 12 мес. до 5,9 ± 2,8 мг/сут против 7,31 ± 2 мг/сут соответственно (p &lt; 0,0001). Таким образом, полученные данные свидетельствуют о схожей эффективности поддерживающей иммуносупрессивной терапии на основе циклоспорина и такролимуса. Выживаемость больных и почечных трансплантатов, также как и частота кризов отторжения, инфекционных осложнений и протеинурия оказались сопоставимы при использовании обоих ингибиторов кальцинейрина. Артериальная гипертензия и гиперхолестеринемия выявлялись чаще и были более выражены в условиях терапии циклоспорином, в то время как вероятность гликемических нарушений оказалась выше на фоне лечения такролимусом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different calcineurin inhibitors after kidney transplantation. Data of 545 recipients transplanted between years 2007 and 2009 were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to received therapy. Patients of the 1st group (n = 354, males 59%) received cyclosporine, the 2nd group recipients (n = 191, males 59,5%) were given tacrolimus. Three-year patients and graft survival, the incidence of acute rejection and renal function were compared. The frequency of infections, post-transplant diabetes, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were also studied. Acute rejection episodes were characterized by a decline in kidney function accompanied by well-established diagnostic features on kidney allograft biopsy. Three-year patients survival was 95,3% in group 1 and 89,9% in group 2 (p &lt; 0,12), grafts survival was 94,3 and 91,7% (p &lt; 0,6). Acute rejection episodes within 3 months after transplantation were similar: 15,5% in the 1st group and 16,2% in the 2nd group (p &lt; 0,46), after 3 months they were more often in 1st group: 5,4% vs . 2,4% (p &lt; 0,049). Renal function and proteinuria were similar in compare groups. Mean serum creatinine level was 0,139 ± 0,04 and 0,137 ± 0,01 mM and proteinuria was 0,31 ± 0,032 and 0,33 ± 0,06 g/day in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The rate of infections in the groups were similar: 29,1% vs. 31,8%, respectively (p &lt; 0,32). However the risk of death from infectious was higher in patients who received tacrolimus: 5,8 vs . 1,0, respectively (p &lt; 0,039). Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was more often found in group 2: 31 and 20%, respectively (p &lt; 0,016). Arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia were found more often in group 1. Our results gave evidence for similar efficacy of cyclosporine and tacrolimus. There are no differences in patient and graft survival, graft function, incidences of acute rejection, infections and proteinuria. There is evidence that arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia are higher with cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus, there are also evidences that post-transplant diabetes mellitus is more common on tacrolimus than cyclosporine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>выживаемость почечных трансплантатов</kwd><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd><kwd>grafts survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balzar E., Friman S., Gusmano R., Stolpe J. Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation // Pediatr. Nephrol. 2002. Vol. 17. P. 141–149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balzar E., Friman S., Gusmano R., Stolpe J. Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation // Pediatr. 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