<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология и диализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology and Dialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1680-4422</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9801</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Российское диализное общество</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nid-998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение ритуксимаба при идиопатическом гломерулонефрите и системных заболеваниях с поражением почек (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rituximab in treatment of idiopathic glomerulonephritis and systemic diseases affecting kidneys (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">helena.zakharova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ г. Москвы Городская клиническая больница имени С.П. Боткина, Кафедра нефрологии МГМСУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.P. Botkin Moscow clinical city hospital, Chair of Nephrology MSMSU</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/998">https://journal.nephro.ru/jour/article/view/998</self-uri><abstract><p>В данном обзоре мы представляем данные международной литературы, касающиеся обоснования, дозирования и результатов применения анти-CD20 моноклональных антител (Ритуксимаба) при хроническом гломерулонефрите с нефротическим синдромом, системной красной волчанке, АНЦА-ассоциированных васкулитах и HCV-ассоциированном криоглобулинемическом васкулите.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We present here a review of data concerning rationale, dosage and efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (Rituximab) in chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, ANCA-associated vasculitis and HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd><kwd>гломерулонефрит</kwd><kwd>системная красная волчанка</kwd><kwd>системные васкулиты</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy</kwd><kwd>glomerulonephritis</kwd><kwd>systemic lupus erythematosus</kwd><kwd>systemic vasculitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed M.S., Wong C.F. Should rituximab be the rescue therapy for refractory mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C? // J Nephrol, 2007. Vol. 20. P. 350-356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed M.S., Wong C.F. Should rituximab be the rescue therapy for refractory mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C? // J Nephrol, 2007. Vol. 20. P. 350-356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed M.S., Wong C.F. Rituximab and nephritic syndrome: a new therapeutic hope? // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 11-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed M.S., Wong C.F. Rituximab and nephritic syndrome: a new therapeutic hope? // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 11-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagga A., Sinha A., Moudgil A. Rituximab in patients with the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome // N Engl J Med, 2007. Vol. 356. P. 2751-2752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagga A., Sinha A., Moudgil A. Rituximab in patients with the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome // N Engl J Med, 2007. Vol. 356. P. 2751-2752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benz K., Dotsch J., Rascher W. et al. Change of course of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome after rituximab therapy // Pediatr Nephrol, 2004. Vol. 19. P. 794-797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benz K., Dotsch J., Rascher W. et al. Change of course of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome after rituximab therapy // Pediatr Nephrol, 2004. Vol. 19. P. 794-797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosch X. Rituximab in ANCA vasculitis: bittersweet results // Nature reviews, 2010. Vol. 6. P. 137-139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosch X. Rituximab in ANCA vasculitis: bittersweet results // Nature reviews, 2010. Vol. 6. P. 137-139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacoub P., Delluc A., Saadon D. et al. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) treatment for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: where do we stand? // Ann Rheum Dis, 2008. Vol. 67. P. 283-287</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacoub P., Delluc A., Saadon D. et al. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) treatment for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: where do we stand? // Ann Rheum Dis, 2008. Vol. 67. P. 283-287</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.D. Charles, L.D. Dustin. Hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia // Kidney Int, 2009. Vol. 76. P. 818-824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.D. Charles, L.D. Dustin. Hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia // Kidney Int, 2009. Vol. 76. P. 818-824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobo M., Hernandez D., Rodriguez C. et al. Successful therapeutic use of rituximab in refractory membranous glomerulonephritis // Clin Nephrol, 2006. Vol. 66. P. 54-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cobo M., Hernandez D., Rodriguez C. et al. Successful therapeutic use of rituximab in refractory membranous glomerulonephritis // Clin Nephrol, 2006. Vol. 66. P. 54-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favas C., Isenberg D.A. B-cell depletion therapy in SLE – what are current prospects for its acceptance? // Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2009. Vol. 5. P. 711-2009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favas C., Isenberg D.A. B-cell depletion therapy in SLE – what are current prospects for its acceptance? // Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2009. Vol. 5. P. 711-2009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrario A.J., Smith S.W., Neil D. et al. Relapsed Wegener’s granulomatosis after rituximab therapy-B cells are present in new pathological lesions despite persistent “depletion” of peripheral blood // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 3030-3032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrario A.J., Smith S.W., Neil D. et al. Relapsed Wegener’s granulomatosis after rituximab therapy-B cells are present in new pathological lesions despite persistent “depletion” of peripheral blood // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 3030-3032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fervenza F.C., Cosio F.G., Erickson S.B. et al. Rituximab treatment in idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Kidney Int, 2008. Vol. 73. P. 117-125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fervenza F.C., Cosio F.G., Erickson S.B. et al. Rituximab treatment in idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Kidney Int, 2008. Vol. 73. P. 117-125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francois H., Daugas E., Bensman A. et al. Unexpected efficacy of rituximab in multirelapsing minimal change nephrotic syndrome in adult; first case report and pathophysiological considerations // Am J kidney Dis, 2007. Vol. 49. P. 158-161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francois H., Daugas E., Bensman A. et al. Unexpected efficacy of rituximab in multirelapsing minimal change nephrotic syndrome in adult; first case report and pathophysiological considerations // Am J kidney Dis, 2007. Vol. 49. P. 158-161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furie R. et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in subjects with active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN): results of randomized, double-blind phase III LUNAR study // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furie R. et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in subjects with active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN): results of randomized, double-blind phase III LUNAR study // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furie R. et al. Effect of rituximab (RTX) on anti-dsDNA and C3 levels and relationship to response: results from the LUNAR trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furie R. et al. Effect of rituximab (RTX) on anti-dsDNA and C3 levels and relationship to response: results from the LUNAR trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert R.D., Hulse E., Rigden S. Rituximab therapy for steroid-dependent minimal change nephritic syndrome // Pediatr Nephrol, 2006. Vol. 21. P. 1698-1700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert R.D., Hulse E., Rigden S. Rituximab therapy for steroid-dependent minimal change nephritic syndrome // Pediatr Nephrol, 2006. Vol. 21. P. 1698-1700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofstra J.M., Deegens J.K., Wetzels J.F. Rituximab: effective treatment for severe steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome? // NDT, 2007. Vol. 22. P. 2100-2102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofstra J.M., Deegens J.K., Wetzels J.F. Rituximab: effective treatment for severe steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome? // NDT, 2007. Vol. 22. P. 2100-2102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovric S., Erdbruegger U., Kumpers P. et al. Rituximab as rescue therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a single-center experience with 15 patients // NDT, 2009. Vol. 24. P. 179-185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovric S., Erdbruegger U., Kumpers P. et al. Rituximab as rescue therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a single-center experience with 15 patients // NDT, 2009. Vol. 24. P. 179-185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merrill J.T. et al. Flare assessment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with rituximab in phase II/III EXPLORER trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merrill J.T. et al. Flare assessment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients treated with rituximab in phase II/III EXPLORER trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merrill J.T. et al. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with rituximab: 78 week safety data from phase II/III EXPLORER trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merrill J.T. et al. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with rituximab: 78 week safety data from phase II/III EXPLORER trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nellessen C.M., Poge U., Brensing K.A. et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus patient successfully treated with rituximab: a case report // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 385-386</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nellessen C.M., Poge U., Brensing K.A. et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus patient successfully treated with rituximab: a case report // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 385-386</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remuzzi G., Chiurchiu C., Abbate V. et al. Rituximab for idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Lancet, 2002. Vol. 360. P. 923-924</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remuzzi G., Chiurchiu C., Abbate V. et al. Rituximab for idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Lancet, 2002. Vol. 360. P. 923-924</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossi P., Demoux A.L., Granel B. et al. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or treatment of refractory autoimmune haemolytic anemia associated with idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Rheumatology (Oxford), 2005. Vol. 44. P. 403-405</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossi P., Demoux A.L., Granel B. et al. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or treatment of refractory autoimmune haemolytic anemia associated with idiopathic membranous nephropathy // Rheumatology (Oxford), 2005. Vol. 44. P. 403-405</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruggenenti P., Chiurchiu C., Brusegan V. et al. Rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a one-year prospective study // Am J Soc Nephrol, 2003. Vol. 14. P. 1851-1857</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruggenenti P., Chiurchiu C., Brusegan V. et al. Rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a one-year prospective study // Am J Soc Nephrol, 2003. Vol. 14. P. 1851-1857</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saadoun D., Rosenzwaig M., Landau D. et al. Restoration of peripheral immune homeostasis after rituximab in mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis // Blood, 2008. Vol. 111. P. 5334-5341</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saadoun D., Rosenzwaig M., Landau D. et al. Restoration of peripheral immune homeostasis after rituximab in mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis // Blood, 2008. Vol. 111. P. 5334-5341</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saadoun D., Rigon M.R., Sene D. et al. Rituximab Plus Peg-Interferon-alpha/Ribaverin Compared with Peg-Interferon-alpha/Ribaverin in Hepatitis C-Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia // Blood, 2010. Vol. 116. P 326-354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saadoun D., Rigon M.R., Sene D. et al. Rituximab Plus Peg-Interferon-alpha/Ribaverin Compared with Peg-Interferon-alpha/Ribaverin in Hepatitis C-Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia // Blood, 2010. Vol. 116. P 326-354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sansonno D., De RE V., Lauetta G. et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with anti-CD20 // Blood, 2003. Vol. 101. P. 3818-3826</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sansonno D., De RE V., Lauetta G. et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with anti-CD20 // Blood, 2003. Vol. 101. P. 3818-3826</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanz I., Lee F.E. B Cells as Therapeutic Targets in SLE // Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2010. Vol. 6. P. 326-337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanz I., Lee F.E. B Cells as Therapeutic Targets in SLE // Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2010. Vol. 6. P. 326-337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sfikakis P.P., Boletis J.N., Lionaki S. et al. Remission of proliferative lupus nephritis following B-cell depletion therapy is preceded by down-regulation of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD40 ligand: an open-label trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2005. Vol. 52. P. 501-513</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sfikakis P.P., Boletis J.N., Lionaki S. et al. Remission of proliferative lupus nephritis following B-cell depletion therapy is preceded by down-regulation of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD40 ligand: an open-label trial // Arthritis Rheum, 2005. Vol. 52. P. 501-513</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith G.C. Is there a role of rituximab in the treatment of idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome? // Pediatr nephrol, 2007. Vol. 22. P. 893-898</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith G.C. Is there a role of rituximab in the treatment of idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome? // Pediatr nephrol, 2007. Vol. 22. P. 893-898</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stone J.H. et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for induction remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial (RAVE) // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stone J.H. et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for induction remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial (RAVE) // Arthritis Rheum, 2009 [online]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vigna-Perez M., Hemandez-Castro B., Paredes-Saharopulos O. et al. Clinical and immunological effects of rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis refractory to conventional therapy: a pilot study // Arthritis Res Ther, 2006. Vol. 8: R83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vigna-Perez M., Hemandez-Castro B., Paredes-Saharopulos O. et al. Clinical and immunological effects of rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis refractory to conventional therapy: a pilot study // Arthritis Res Ther, 2006. Vol. 8: R83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Walsh, D. Jayne. Rituximab in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: past, present and future // Kidney Int, 2007. Vol. 72. P. 676—682</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Walsh, D. Jayne. Rituximab in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: past, present and future // Kidney Int, 2007. Vol. 72. P. 676—682</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang T., Nast C.C., Vo A. et al. Rapid remission of steroid and mycofenolate mofetil (mmf)-resistant minimal change nephritic syndrome after rituximab therapy // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 377-380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang T., Nast C.C., Vo A. et al. Rapid remission of steroid and mycofenolate mofetil (mmf)-resistant minimal change nephritic syndrome after rituximab therapy // NDT, 2008. Vol. 23. P. 377-380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
