Definition and criteria of acute kidney disease: scoping review

Introduction: the term chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely used in scientific studies and clinical practice and has generally accepted definition and classification. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been studied for long time, its criteria have been modified several times. The last KDIGO recommendation was approved by a majority of the international nephrological societies. In 2012, the KDIGO Work Group also proposed the term acute kidney disease and disorders (AKD), defining this condition as a structural damage or damage of kidneys function lasting less than 3 months, including at least one of the following criteria: AKI, a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, a decrease in GFR by ≥35%, an increase in serum creatinine by >50%, or any kidney damage lasting less than 3 months. Subsequently, changes to the conceptual AKD model were proposed. Up to now, the AKD term has remained relatively new not only to clinicians, but also to researchers. In order to study the formation of AKD concept, we performed a scoping review. The following research question was formulated: what definitions and/or criteria of AKD are presented in the published literature? Methods: the scoping review was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (2015) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search of English-language publications was made by using the PubMed search engine, Russian-language publications were found in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. Manual search was performed to find additional publications. The following search queries were formulated: “acute kidney diseas*” (with an asterisk (*) at the end of the string) and “острая болезнь почек”. Screening of publication titles and their summaries was performed in the EPPI-Reviewer 4 Software. Results: 45 articles were included in this scoping review from 443 previously identified publications. The definition and criteria of AKD, first developed by KDIGO, were used in almost half of the literary sources. Authors indicated the definition recommended by the ADQI working group in 2016 in 14 articles. There were used authors’ definitions and criteria of AKD in 11 publications, which in varying degrees differed from the proposed by KDIGO and ADQI. Conclusion: the scoping review demonstrates the lack of a unified conceptual model and a generally accepted definition of AKD. The Review results can be used to raise awareness and continue discussions on this topic in order to obtain consensus.

острая болезнь почек, острое повреждение почек, хроническая болезнь почек, обзорное исследование литературы, acute kidney disease, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, scoping review

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