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Том 22 №2 2020 год - Нефрология и диализ

Артериальная гипертензия при ХБП: от начальных до продвинутых стадий. Диагностические и терапевтические стратегии. Часть 1. Артериальная гипертензия у пациентов с ХБП 1-4 стадий


Зелтынь-Абрамов Е.М. Фролова Н.Ф.

DOI: 10.28996/2618-9801-2020-2-221-236

Аннотация: Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) и хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) широко распространены в мире. АГ встречается примерно у 30% взрослого населения, а ХБП - у 10-15%, однако в популяции пациентов с ХБП эта цифра достигает 80-90%. АГ и ХБП признаны независимыми факторами прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), которые являются основной причиной летальных исходов у пациентов с ХБП. Эффективный контроль артериального давления (АД) замедляет темпы развития почечного повреждения и снижает риск развития ССЗ. Достижение целевых показателей АД - основная лечебная стратегия, позволяющая обеспечить нефро- и кардиопротекцию. В статье обсуждаются современные представления о механизмах формирования АГ при ХБП 1-4 стадий и терапевтические подходы к ее адекватному контролю. Среди основных звеньев патогенеза АГ выделяются гиперсимпатикотония, гиперактивация ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы, задержка натрия и жидкости, а также процессы, обусловленные формированием уремической среды (эндотелиальная дисфункция, оксидативный стресс, хроническое воспаление, артериальная жесткость). Представлены современные методологические подходы к установлению клинического диагноза АГ, включающие в себя фенотипирование АД, хронобиологические особенности и выбор оптимального способа измерения АД. На основании действующих согласительных документов и рекомендаций изложены лечебные стратегии, направленные на эффективный контроль АД. Обсуждается широкий круг проблем, касающихся модификации образа жизни пациентов, диетических рекомендаций и применения гипотензивных препаратов с точки зрения оптимальной нефро- и кардиопротекции и минимизации кардиовакулярных рисков. Представлены новые перспективные направления медикаментозного лечения АГ у пациентов с ХБП 1-4 стадий.

Для цитирования: Зелтынь-Абрамов Е.М., Фролова Н.Ф. Артериальная гипертензия при ХБП: от начальных до продвинутых стадий. Диагностические и терапевтические стратегии. Часть 1. Артериальная гипертензия у пациентов с ХБП 1-4 стадий. Нефрология и диализ. 2020. 22(2):221-236. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2020-2-221-236

Весь текст



Ключевые слова: хроническая болезнь почек, артериальная гипертензия, кардиоваскулярные риски, гиперсимпатикотония, артериальная жесткость, хронотерапия, мониторинг артериального давления, диетические ограничения, нефропротекция, кардиопротекция, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, sympathetic hyperactivity, arterial stiffness, chronotherapy, blood pressure monitoring, dietary sodium restriction, renoprotection, cardioprotection

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