Preview

Nephrology and Dialysis

Advanced search

Clinical and morphological features of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis

https://doi.org/10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-275-283

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the clinical and morphological features, the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, and the outcomes of ANCA-GN. Materials and methods: the study included 31 patients with a morphologically confirmed diagnosis of ANCA-GN, aged from 27 to 73 years. Clinical and morphological features, the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: 5 patients were diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, 5 with microscopic polyangiitis, 4 with ANCA-vasculitis with an indeterminate phenotype, and 17 with isolated ANCA-GN. During morphological diagnosis, all patients had elevated serum creatinine from 224 to 1520 mmol/l, and 13 required hemodialysis. Crescentic morphological type of ANCA-GN was found in 23 patients (74%), focal in 3, mixed in 3, and sclerotic in 2 patients. A significant direct correlation was found between creatinine levels and the percentage of crescents in the biopsy (r=+0.536; p=0.0019), as well as the percentage of interstitial fibrosis (r=+0.511; p=0.0033). Risk groups of unfavorable renal outcome according to the Brix index were identified: low 1, medium 14, and high-risk 16 patients. Immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids and cyclophosphane pulses had a positive effect in 15 cases (48%). 11 (35%) died. Causes of death in 7 cases was an infection, in 5 cases COVID-19. The unfavorable outcome of ANCA-GN was significantly associated with a BVAS value of ≥24 points (p=0.044), with the presence of lung damage and hemoptysis (p=0.002). Renal survival was: 12-month 76%, 36-month 42%, and 60-month 30%. In the risk groups, the 36-month renal survival was: at low (0 points) - 100%, at average (2-7 points) - 83%, at high risk (8-11 points) - 23%. Renal survival significantly depends on the percentage of interstitial fibrosis (p=0.04) and BVAS (p=0.001). The overall survival rate for 12 months was 83%, 36 - 67%, 60 months - 52%. There was a significant association of overall survival with high vasculitis activity: BVAS ≥24 points (p=0.047) and the presence of lung lesions with hemoptysis (p=0.003). Conclusions: in ANCA-GN, renal survival depends on the % of interstitial fibrosis, and overall survival depends on the activity of vasculitis.

About the Authors

G. A. Postnikova
Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation


O. V. Simonova
Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation


E. S. Stolyarevich
Moscow City Hospital №52; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical University; FSBI "V.I. Shumakov Federal Center of Transplantology and Artificial organs"
Russian Federation


References

1. Поражение почек при АНЦА-ассоциированных васкулитах (АНЦА-ассоциированный гломерулонефрит). Клинические рекомендации. Ассоциация нефрологов России, 2021 г.

2. Berden A.E., Ferrario F., Hagen E.C. et al. Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010. 21(10):1628-1636. doi:10.1681/ASN.2010050477

3. Фролова Н.Ф., Волгина Г.В., Бирюкова Л.С. и соавт. Клинико-морфологические корреляции и прогноз при разных гистоморфологических вариантах быстропрогрессирующего АНЦА-ассоциированого гломерулонефрита. Лечебное дело. 2016. (4):68-76.

4. Нефрология: национальное руководство. Под ред. Н.А. Мухина.М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020. 595 с.

5. Новиков П.И., Зыкова А.С., Смитиенко И.О., Моисеев С.В., Лечение АНЦА-ассоциированных васкулитов: рекомендации EULAR/ERA-EDTA 2016 года. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2017. 26(1):80-87.

6. Томилина Н.А., Бирюкова Л.С., Фролова Н.Ф. и соавт. Клинико-морфологическая характеристика и прогноз разных гистоморфологических вариантов быстропрогрессирующего гломерулонефрита, ассоциированного с АНЦА-васкулитом. Нефрология и диализ. 2017. 19(4):438-448. doi: 10.28996/1680-4422-2017-4-466-477

7. Brix S.R., Noriega M., Tennstedt P. et al. Development and validation of a renal risk score in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2018. 94(6):1177-1188. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.020

8. Буланов Н.М., Козловская Н.Л., Тао Е.А.и соавт. Современные подходы к лечению АНЦА-ассоциированных васкулитов с поражением почек с позиций медицины, основанной на доказательствах. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2020. (4):72-84.

9. Дмитриева М.В., Летковская Т.А., Чиж К.А., Брагина З.Н. Малоиммунныйгломерулонефрит с полулуниями: клинико-морфологический и прогностический анализ. Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. 2018.17(6):64-76.


Review

For citations:


Postnikova G.A., Simonova O.V., Stolyarevich E.S. Clinical and morphological features of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Nephrology and Dialysis. 2023;25(2):275-283. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28996/2618-9801-2023-2-275-283

Views: 126


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 1680-4422 (Print)
ISSN 2618-9801 (Online)